S corporation may revoke an unintended installment-sale opt-out

Plain-English summary

Four shareholders sold all the stock of an S corporation, and the buyer later requested a § 338(h)(10) election that treated the deal as an asset sale for tax purposes. The taxpayer told its accounting firm that it wanted to use the installment method for qualifying assets because part of the price would be paid later. The firm delivered a revised federal and multistate return only hours before the extended deadline and reported the full selling price, which automatically elected out of installment reporting. The taxpayer did not participate in that choice and learned after filing that the assets could have qualified for installment treatment. The IRS found the opt-out inadvertent, not based on hindsight or tax avoidance, and granted 75 days to revoke it by filing amended returns and corrected Schedules K-1. The ruling did not decide whether the installment method or the § 338(h)(10) election was otherwise valid.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: May the S corporation revoke an unintended election out of the installment method?
• Outcome: Approved, with 75 days to file amended returns and corrected Schedules K-1.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 338(h)(10), 453(a), 453(b), 453(d); Temp. Treas. Reg. § 15A.453-1.

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202517011 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 4/25/2025 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 453.08-00
Person To Contact:
-------------------- -----------------------, ID No. -------------------
----------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------- Telephone Number:
-------------------------------------- --------------------
Refer Reply To:
CC:ITA:B05
PLR-114870-24
Date:
January 27, 2025

                                             LEGEND

                      Taxpayer        = ---------------------------------------------
                      Date 1          = --------------------------
                      Date 2          = -------------------------
                      Date 3          = -----------------
                      Date 4          = ------------------
                      Date 5          = -------------------
                      Date 6          = ----------------------
                      Date 7          = --------------------------
                      Date 8          = ---------------------------
                      Date 9          = ----------------------
                      Date 10         = --------------------------
                      Month 1         = ----------------------
                      Month 2         = -------------
                      Year 1          = -------
                      Year 2          = -------
                      Buyer           = ----------------------------
                      $A              = -----------------
                      $B              = -------------
                      $C              = ---------------
                      $D              = ---------------------
                      $E              = -----------------

Dear ---------------:

This letter refers to Taxpayer’s request for a private letter ruling, dated Date 9,
requesting permission to revoke its election out of the installment method for the sale of
certain property under section 453 of the Internal Revenue Code and section 15A.453-
1(d)(4) of the Temporary Regulations under the Installment Sales Revision Act of 1981
(Regulations).
PLR-114870-24 2

This letter ruling is being issued electronically in accordance with Rev. Proc. 2024-1,
2024-1 I.R.B. 1. A paper copy will not be mailed to Taxpayer.

                                      FACTS

Taxpayer has represented that the facts are as follows:

Taxpayer is an S corporation for Federal income tax purposes and is owned by four
shareholders. On Date 1, the shareholders collectively sold 100% of the stock of
Taxpayer to Buyer, an unrelated corporation, for $E. This total purchase price included
an initial down payment to be paid at closing, a payment based on the final Year 1
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) to be paid in
Year 2, a payment based on post-closing adjustments to be paid in Year 2, and a $C
holdback amount to be paid within 20 days after Date 10.

This sale was originally structured as a stock sale. In accordance with this sale
structure, each of the individual shareholders of Taxpayer would recognize a capital
gain calculated as their percentage of the total sales price less their ending cost basis in
their S-Corporation stock. However, under the stock purchase agreement, the Buyer
had the ability to request a section 338(h)(10) election to treat the stock sale by the
shareholders as an asset sale by Taxpayer for tax purposes.

On Date 1, the shareholders received an initial down payment of $D. On Date 2, the
shareholders received a payment of $B to satisfy the Year 1 final EBITDA calculation
payment. On Date 3, the shareholders received a payment of $A to satisfy the post-
closing adjustments. The $C holdback amount is still scheduled to be paid within 20
days after Date 10.

The shareholders engaged a large accounting firm to prepare Taxpayer’s Year 1 Form
1120-S, U.S. Income Tax Return for an S Corporation, believing the firm to possess the
proper knowledge and expertise to do so. Taxpayer timely requested an extension to
file its Year 1 Form 1120-S.

The first draft of the Form 1120-S was received by Taxpayer on Date 4. A request for a
section 338(h)(10) election was not received by the Taxpayer until after the receipt of
the first draft, on Date 6. Therefore, the first draft of the Form 1099-S for Taxpayer did
not include any of the stock sale reporting.

Taxpayer received a second draft of the Year 1 Form 1120-S on Date 5. This draft
included updates discussed after reviewing the initial draft. After both parties reviewed
the second draft, the Buyer requested that Taxpayer make a section 338(h)(10) election
on Date 6. The Taxpayer forwarded this request to their accounting firm on the same
day, noting that they would like to use the installment method for the qualifying assets
included in the sale.
PLR-114870-24 3

On Date 7, the Buyer provided comments regarding the Taxpayer’s Year 1 Form 1120-
S and requested certain updates be made to the draft. Upon receipt of this request,
Taxpayer forwarded the request to Taxpayer’s accounting firm.

Taxpayer asked their accounting firm for multiple updates regarding the updated draft of
the Form 1120-S reflecting the section 338(h)(10) election between Date 6 and Date 8,
the extended due date of Taxpayer’s Form 1120-S. The updated draft was eventually
sent to Taxpayer at 2:59 P.M. local time on Date 8.

The return included the Federal income tax return and 12 state income tax returns. Due
to the short window of time between receipt of the draft and the due date of the return,
Taxpayer and its consultants were unable to complete a thorough review of the tax
return by the end of that day. Taxpayer signed the e-file authorization and immediately
sent the return to their consultants for a complete review of the Federal and state
returns, with the understanding that they would be able to complete an amended return,
if required.

The week following the due date and filing of the Form 1120-S, Taxpayer and its
consultants had the ability to complete a thorough review of the Form 1120-S that was
filed. Taxpayer then questioned why the transaction was not reported on the installment
method. The representatives of the accounting firm in charge of review and signature of
the Form 1120-S stated to Taxpayer that the sale was not eligible to be reported on the
installment basis. Taxpayer did not participate in the decision to elect out of the
installment method. Later discussions with additional representatives of the accounting
firm in Month 1 led to the acknowledgement that the qualifying assets in the sale could
be reported on the installment basis.

Taxpayer has continued to work with the same accounting firm over the past year to
correct the items needed on their Year 1 Form 1120-S. In another conversation in
Month 2, the accounting firm again acknowledged that the qualifying assets could be
reported on the installment basis. The accounting firm informed Taxpayer that the way
to change the reporting on this would be through a private letter ruling to revoke the
election out of the installment method. Taxpayer then filed for this private letter ruling.

                              LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 453(a) provides that, generally, a taxpayer shall report income from an
installment sale under the installment method. Section 453(b) defines an installment
sale as a disposition of property for which at least one payment is to be received after
the close of the taxable year of the disposition.

Section 15A.453-1(b)(3)(i) defines “payment” to include amounts actually or
constructively received in the taxable year under an installment obligation.

Section 453(d)(1) and section 15A.453-1(d)(1) provide that a taxpayer may elect out of
the installment method in the manner prescribed by the regulations. Section 15A.453-
1(d)(3) provides that a taxpayer who reports an amount realized equal to the selling
PLR-114870-24 4

price including the full face amount of an installment obligation on a timely filed tax
return for the taxable year in which the installment sale occurs is considered to have
elected out of the installment method.

Except as otherwise provided in the regulations, section 453(d)(2) requires a taxpayer
who desires to elect out of the installment method to do so on or before the due date
(including extensions) of the taxpayer’s federal income tax return for the taxable year of
the sale. Section 15A.453-1(d)(4) provides that an election under section 453(d)(1) is
generally irrevocable. An election may be revoked only with the consent of the Internal
Revenue Service. Section 15A.453-1(d)(4) provides that revocation of an election out of
the installment method is retroactive and will not be permitted when one of its purposes
is the avoidance of federal income taxes.

In the instant case, the information submitted indicates that Taxpayer inadvertently
elected out of the installment method under section 453. Taxpayer was not aware of the
accounting firm’s election out of the installment method, did not participate in the
decision to elect out of the installment method, and did not have adequate time to
review the tax returns before submission. Additionally, Taxpayer did not use hindsight in
requesting relief, and this request is not motivated by an intent to avoid Federal taxes.
Further, Taxpayer’s taxable year in which the sale took place is not closed.

                                   CONCLUSION

Based on careful consideration of all the information submitted and the representations
made, Taxpayer is granted permission to revoke its election out of the installment
method for the sale of Taxpayer on Date 1 and provide corrected Forms K-1 to the
shareholders. Permission is granted for the period that ends 75 days after the date of
this letter. To revoke its election out of the installment method, Taxpayer must file an
amended Federal income tax return for Year 1 and any other previously filed returns on
which a portion of the gain from the sale is reportable under the installment method. A
copy of this letter ruling must be attached to any amended return.

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced in
this letter, including whether Taxpayer is eligible to use the installment method or the
computation of gain to be reported under the installment method. We express no
opinion, either express or implied, concerning whether Taxpayer was eligible to make a
section 338(h)(10) election or whether that election was properly made. Likewise, no
opinion is expressed or implied concerning the tax consequences of any aspect of any
shareholders’ income tax return for Year 1.

This ruling is directed only to Taxpayer who requested this ruling. Section 6110(k)(3)
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to your authorized representative.
PLR-114870-24 5

The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and representations
submitted by Taxpayer and accompanied by executed penalty of perjury statements
executed by appropriate parties. While this office has not verified any of the material
submitted in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on
examination.

                                      Sincerely,



                                      Amy J. Pfalzgraf
                                      Branch Chief, Branch 5
                                      Office of Associate Chief Counsel
                                      (Income Tax and Accounting)

CC: ------------------------