Bankruptcy liquidating trust kept trust status after a court-approved term extension

Plain-English summary

A Chapter 11 plan created a trust to pursue and settle litigation claims, liquidate assets, and distribute proceeds to claimants without continuing a trade or business. Unresolved legal claims made it impossible to complete liquidation by the trust’s prior termination date, so the bankruptcy court approved a finite extension. The trust agreement limits retained cash, requires at least annual distributions, treats beneficiaries as grantors and owners, and requires grantor-trust reporting. The trustees represented that the trust had consistently followed Rev. Proc. 94-45, continued working toward liquidation, and had not unduly prolonged its duration. The IRS ruled that the extension would not disturb classification as a liquidating trust under Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-4(d). The trust may therefore continue grantor-trust treatment, with beneficiaries treated as owners under IRC § 671 to the extent the arrangement otherwise qualifies.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Does the bankruptcy court’s extension of the trust’s term preserve its liquidating-trust classification?
• Outcome: Approved
• Key authorities: IRC § 671; Treas. Reg. §§ 1.671-4(a), 301.7701-4(d); Rev. Proc. 94-45

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202512002 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 3/21/2025 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 7701.00-00, 7701.03-00,
7701.03-06 Person To Contact:
------------, ID No. -----------------
---------------------------------- Telephone Number:
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---------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
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--------------------------------- PLR-111690-24
Date:
December 20, 2024

LEGEND

Trust = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Debtors = ---------------------------------------------------------------

Plan = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Date 1 = ----------------------

Date 2 = ----------------------

Date 3 = ----------------------

Date 4 = ----------------------

Date 5 = ----------------------

Date 6 = -------------------

Date 7 = ------------------

Date 8 = ----------------------
PLR-111690-24 2

Dear ----------------:

    This responds to a letter dated June 18, 2024, and subsequent correspondence,

submitted on behalf of Trust, requesting a ruling regarding the classification of Trust as
a liquidating trust under § 301.7701-4(d) of the Procedure and Administration
Regulations.

                                       FACTS

   The information submitted states that Debtors filed voluntary petitions for relief

under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court on
Date 1. On Date 2, the Bankruptcy Court approved Plan with an effective date of
Date 3. On Date 3, Trust was established by a liquidating trust agreement (Trust
Agreement) as part of the Plan with an initial term ending on Date 4. The Bankruptcy
Court subsequently approved an extension of the term of Trust to Date 5. Because of
unresolved legal claims, on Date 6, trustees of the Trust filed a motion with the
Bankruptcy Court to extend the termination date of Trust. On Date 7, the Bankruptcy
Court approved of an extension of the term of the Trust to Date 8.

     Pursuant to the provisions of the Plan and the Trust Agreement, Trust was

created for the purpose of (a) investigating, asserting, prosecuting, and/or settling
litigation claims, and (b) liquidating the Trust’s assets, including (without limitation) the
litigation claims, for the benefit of the claimants in accordance with § 301.7701-4(d),
with no objective to continue or engage in the conduct of a trade or business.

    Trust is not permitted to receive or retain cash in excess of a reasonable amount

to meet claims and contingent liabilities (included disputed claims) or to maintain the
value of the assets during liquidation. Cash not available for distribution and cash
pending distribution is to be held in demand time deposits, such as short-term
certificates of deposit, in banks or other savings institutions, or other temporary, liquid
assets such as Treasury bills. Under the terms of Trust, the trustees are required to
distribute the net income of Trust at least annually to the beneficiaries of Trust but may
retain an amount of net proceeds or net income reasonably necessary to maintain the
value of the property or to meet contingent liabilities (including disputed claims).

   The Trust Agreement provides that the beneficiaries are treated as grantors and

deemed owners of the Trust for federal income tax purposes. It further provides that the
parties will value all assets transferred to Trust consistently and use such values for all
federal income tax purposes.

   The Trust Agreement provides that the trustee of the Trust shall file tax returns

as a grantor trust pursuant to § 1.671-4(a) of the Income Tax Regulations.

  The Trust Agreement, consistent with the requirements set out in Rev. Proc. 94-

45, 199-2 C.B. 648, provides that the transfer of Trust assets to Trust will be treated for
PLR-111690-24 3

all federal tax purposes as a deemed transfer by the Debtors to the beneficiaries
followed by a deemed transfer by the beneficiaries to Trust.

   Trust’s trustees further represent that, from its establishment, Trust has been

formed and operated consistent with the conditions set forth in Rev. Proc. 94-45. The
Trust’s trustees further represent that it will make continuing efforts to liquidate the
assets of Trust, make timely distributions, and not unduly prolong the duration of the
Trust. The Trust’s trustees also represent that certain developments, generally beyond
the control of the trustees of the Trust, have made it impossible to completely liquidate
by Date 5.

                              LAW AND ANALYSIS

   Section 671 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) provides that where it is

specified in subpart E that the grantor or another person shall be treated as the owner
of any portion of a trust, there shall then be included in computing the taxable income
and credits of the grantor or the other person those items of income, deductions, and
credits against tax of the trust that are attributable to that portion of the trust to the
extent that such items would be taken into account under chapter 1 of the Code in
computing taxable income or credits against the tax of an individual.

   Section 1.671-4(a) provides that, except as provided in §§ 1.671-4(b) and

1.671-5, items of income, deduction, and credit attributable to any portion of a trust that,
under the provisions of subpart E (§ 671 and following), part I, subchapter J, chapter 1
of the Code, are treated as owned by the grantor or another person should not be
reported by the trust on Form 1041, “U.S. Income Tax Return for Estates and Trusts,”
but should be shown on a separate statement attached to that form.

    Section 301.7701-4(d) provides that certain organizations which are commonly

known as liquidating trusts are treated as trusts for purposes of the Internal Revenue
Code. An organization will be considered a liquidating trust if it is organized for the
primary purpose of liquidating and distributing the assets transferred to it, and if its
activities are all reasonably necessary to, and consistent with, the accomplishment of
that purpose. A liquidating trust is treated as a trust for purposes of the Code because it
is formed with the objective of liquidating particular assets and not as an organization
having as its purposes the carrying on of a profit-making business which normally would
be conducted through business organizations classified as corporations or partnerships.
However, if the liquidation is unreasonably prolonged or if the liquidation purpose
becomes so obscured by business activities that the declared purpose of liquidation can
be said to be lost or abandoned, the status of the organization will no longer be that of a
liquidating trust.

  Rev. Proc. 94-45 states that the Service will issue a ruling classifying an entity

created pursuant to a bankruptcy plan under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, 11
PLR-111690-24 4

U.S.C. § 1101, et. seq., as a liquidating trust under § 301.7701-4(d) if certain conditions
are met.

    Section 3.06 of Rev. Proc. 94-45 provides that the trust instrument must contain

a fixed or determinable termination date that is generally not more than five years from
the date of the creation of the trust and that is reasonable based on all of the facts and
circumstances. If warranted by the facts and circumstances, provided for in the plan
and trust instrument, and subject to the approval of the Bankruptcy Court with
jurisdiction over the case upon a finding that the extension is necessary to the
liquidating purpose of the trust, the term of the trust may be extended for a finite time
based on its particular facts and circumstances. The trust instrument must require that
each extension be approved by the court within 6 months of the beginning of the
extended term.

                                  CONCLUSIONS

   Based on the information submitted and the representations made, we conclude

that the conditions of Rev. Proc. 94-45 have been satisfied. Accordingly, based on the
representations made and the information submitted, we rule that Trust is classified as a
liquidating trust under § 301.7701-4(d) for federal tax purposes and that the extension of
Trust's term to Date 8 will not adversely affect Trust's classification as a liquidating trust
under § 301.7701-4(d). Therefore, Trust will continue to be treated as a grantor trust
and the beneficiaries of Trust will continue to be treated as the owners of Trust under
§ 671 to the extent Trust otherwise qualifies as such.

   Except as expressly set forth above, we express or imply no opinion concerning

the federal income tax consequences of the facts described above under any other
provision of the Code.

  This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of

the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

  The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and

representations submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury
statement executed by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the
material submitted in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on
examination.
PLR-111690-24 5

  In accordance with the power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending a

copy of the letter to Trust’s authorized representatives.

                                            Sincerely,



                                            Robert D. Alinsky
                                            Branch Chief, Branch 3
                                            Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                            (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosure:
Copy of this letter for § 6110 purposes

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