Taxpayer received time to opt out of automatic GST exemption allocation

Plain-English summary

A spouse created and funded a trust for family members, including the couple's children, and the trust had generation-skipping transfer tax potential. The couple intended not to allocate GST exemption to transfers to the trust, but their attorney and accountant did not explain the automatic-allocation rules or the election to opt out. No gift tax returns were filed for the year, and no event had yet created GST tax liability. The IRS found the filing-relief requirements satisfied and gave the taxpayer 120 days to file Form 709 electing out of automatic GST exemption allocation for all transfers to the trust. The relief is conditioned on both spouses consenting to treat all gifts that year as made one-half by each spouse.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: May the taxpayer make a late election to prevent automatic allocation of GST exemption to all transfers to the trust?
• Outcome: Approved, with 120 days to file Form 709, subject to spousal gift-splitting consent
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 2513, 2632(c)(5), 2642(g); Treas. Reg. §§ 26.2632-1(b)(2), 301.9100-1, 301.9100-3

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202450001 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 12/13/2024 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 2632.00-00, 2642.00-00,
2642.06-00, 9100.00-00 Person To Contact:
-------------------, ID No. -----------------
-------------------------------------- Telephone Number:
----------------------------------------- --------------------
------------------------ Refer Reply To:
---------------------------- CC:PSI:B04
PLR-104140-24
------------------------------------------------------------ Date:
-------------------- August 30, 2024

Legend

Taxpayer = -----------------------------------------------------------
Spouse = ------------------------------------------------------
Trust = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attorney = ---------------------------
Accountant = ------------------------
Date 1 = -------------------
Year 1 = -------

Dear ----------------------:

This letter responds to your authorized representative's letter dated February 26, 2024,
requesting an extension of time under § 2642(g) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code)
and § 301.9100-3 of the Procedure and Administration Regulations to elect out of the
automatic allocation of generation-skipping transfer (GST) exemption with respect to
transfers to Trust, pursuant to § 2632(c)(5)(A)(i)(II) of the Code.

The facts and representations submitted are summarized as follows:

On Date 1 in Year 1, a date after December 31, 2000, Spouse (Taxpayer’s spouse)
established and funded Trust for the benefit of certain family members, including the
children of Taxpayer and Spouse. Upon the deaths of Taxpayer and Spouse, any
remaining Trust property will be held in further trust. Trust has GST tax potential.
PLR-104140-24 2

Taxpayer and Spouse retained Attorney and Accountant to provide tax advice with
respect to the tax consequences of the transfers to Trust and retained Accountant to
prepare any necessary tax returns. Taxpayer and Spouse did not intend for any portion
of GST exemption to be applied to any or all transfers to Trust. Attorney and
Accountant, however, failed to advise Taxpayer and Spouse of the rules under
§ 2632(c) regarding the automatic allocation of GST exemption and the ability to elect
out of the automatic allocation of GST exemption by making an election § 2632(c)(5)(A).
As a result, Taxpayer did not file Form 709 for Year 1 to elect under
§ 2632(c)(5)(A)(i)(II) to opt out of the automatic allocation of GST exemption to any or
all transfers made by Taxpayer to Trust.

While Taxpayer and Spouse have not filed Forms 709 for Year 1, they represent that
they will file Year 1 Forms 709 and consent to treat all gifts in Year 1 as having been
made one-half by each of them under § 2513. It has been further represented that, to
date, no taxable distributions, taxable terminations, or any other events have occurred
with respect to Trust that would give rise to a GST tax liability.

Taxpayer requests an extension of time under § 2642(g) and § 301.9100-3 to elect
under § 2632(c)(5)(A)(i)(II) to have the automatic allocation of GST exemption not apply
to all transfers made by Taxpayer to Trust. Spouse has made a similar request.

LAW & ANALYSIS

Section 2513 provides that a gift made by one spouse to any person other than his
spouse shall be considered as made one-half by him and one-half by his spouse, but
only if at the time of the gift each spouse is a citizen or resident of the United States.

Section 2513(a)(2) provides that § 2513(a)(1) shall apply only if both spouses have
signified (under the regulations provided for in § 2513(b)) their consent to the
application of § 2513(a)(1) in the case of all such gift made during the calendar year by
either while married to the other.

Section 2513(b)(2) generally provides that consent may be so signified at any time after
the close of the calendar year in which the gift was made, subject to the following
limitation— (a) the consent may not be signified after the 15th day of April following the
close of such year, unless before such 15th day no return has been filed for such year
by either spouse, and (b) the consent may not be signified after a notice of deficiency
with respect to tax for such year has been sent to either spouse.

Section 2601 imposes a tax on every GST. A GST is defined under § 2611(a) as (1) a
taxable distribution, (2) a taxable termination, and (3) a direct skip.

Section 2602 provides that the amount of GST tax is the taxable amount multiplied by
the applicable rate. Section 2641(a) defines applicable rate as the product of the
maximum federal estate tax rate and the inclusion ratio with respect to the transfer.
PLR-104140-24 3

Section 2631(a) provides that, for purposes of determining the inclusion ratio, every
individual shall be allowed a GST exemption amount which may be allocated by such
individual (or their executor) to any property with respect to which such individual is the
transferor. Section 2631(b) provides that any allocation under § 2631(a), once made,
shall be irrevocable.

Section 2632(a)(1) provides that any allocation by an individual of GST exemption
under § 2631(a) may be made at any time on or before the date prescribed for filing the
estate tax return for such individual’s estate (determined with regard to extensions),
regardless of whether such a return is required to be filed.

Section 2632(c)(1) provides that if any individual makes an indirect skip during such
individual’s lifetime, any unused portion of such individual’s GST exemption shall be
allocated to the property transferred to the extent necessary to make the inclusion ratio
for such property zero. If the amount of the indirect skip exceeds such unused portion,
the entire unused portion shall be allocated to the property transferred.

Under § 2632(c)(3)(A), the term “indirect skip” means any transfer of property (other
than a direct skip) subject to the tax imposed by chapter 12 made to a GST trust.

Section 2632(c)(3)(B) provides, in part, that the term “GST trust” means a trust that
could have a generation-skipping transfer with respect to the transferor unless an
exception enumerated in § 2632(c)(3)(B)(i)-(vi) applies.

Section 2632(c)(5)(A)(i) provides that an individual may elect to have § 2632(c) not
apply to: (1) an indirect skip or (2) any and all transfers made by such individual to a
particular trust.

Section 2632(c)(5)(B)(i) provides that an election under § 2632(c)(5)(A)(i)(I) shall be
deemed to be timely if filed on a timely filed gift tax return for the calendar year in which
the transfer was made or deemed to have been made pursuant to § 2632(c)(4) or on
such later date or dates as may be prescribed by the Secretary.

Section 2632(c)(5)(B)(ii) provides that an election under § 2632(c)(5)(A)(i)(II) may be
made on a timely filed gift tax return for the calendar year for which the election is to
become effective.

Section 26.2632-1(b)(2)(i) of the Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax Regulations
provides that, in the case of an indirect skip made after December 31, 2000, to which
§ 2642(f) (relating to transfers subject to an ETIP) does not apply, the transferor’s
unused GST exemption is automatically allocated to the property transferred (but not in
excess of the fair market value of the property on the date of the transfer). This
automatic allocation is effective whether or not a Form 709 is filed reporting the transfer
and is effective as of the date of the transfer to which it relates. An automatic allocation
PLR-104140-24 4

is irrevocable after the due date of the Form 709 for the calendar year in which the
transfer is made.

Section 26.2632-1(b)(2)(ii) provides that, except as otherwise provided, the transferor
may prevent the automatic allocation of GST exemption with regard to an indirect skip
(including indirect skips to which § 2642(f) may apply) by making an election as
provided in § 26.2632-1(b)(2)(iii).

Section 26.2632-1(b)(2)(iii)(A) provides, in relevant part, that a transferor may prevent
the automatic allocation of GST exemption (elect out) with respect to any transfer or
transfers constituting an indirect skip made to a trust or to one or more separate shares
that are treated as separate trusts under § 26.2654-1(a)(1). A transferor may elect out
with respect to — (1) one or more prior-year transfers subject to § 2642(f) (regarding
ETIPs) made by the transferor to a specified trust or trusts; (2) one or more (or all)
current year transfers made by the transferor to a specified trust or trusts; (3) one or
more (or all future transfers made by the transferor to a specified trust or trusts; (4) all
future transfers made by the transferor to all trusts (whether or not in existence at the
time of the election out); or (5) any combination of (1) through (4).

Section 26.2632-1(b)(2)(iii)(B) provides that to elect out, the transferor must attach an
election out statement to a Form 709 filed within the time period provided in
§ 26.2632-1(b)(2)(iii)(C). In general, the election out statement must identify the trust,
and specifically must provide that the transferor is electing out of the automatic
allocation of GST exemption with respect to the described transfer or transfers.

Section 2642(b)(1)(A) provides that, except as provided in § 2642(f), if the allocation of
GST exemption to any transfers of property is made on a gift tax return filed on or
before the date prescribed by § 6075(b) for such transfer or is deemed to be made
under § 2632(b)(1) or (c)(1), the value of such property for purposes of § 2642(a) shall
be its value as finally determined for purposes of chapter 12 (within the meaning of
§ 2001(f)(2)), or, in the case of an allocation deemed to have been made at the close of
an ETIP, its value at the time of the close of the ETIP.

Section 2642(g)(1)(A) provides that the Secretary shall by regulation prescribe such
circumstances and procedures under which extensions of time will be granted to make
an allocation of GST exemption described in § 2642(b)(1) or (2), and an election under
§ 2632(b)(3) or (c)(5). Such regulations shall include procedures for requesting
comparable relief with respect to transfers made before the date of the enactment of
§ 2642(g).

Section 2642(g)(1)(B) provides that in determining whether to grant relief under
§ 2642(g), the Secretary shall take into account all relevant circumstances, including
evidence of intent contained in the trust instrument or instrument of transfer and such
other factors as the Secretary deems relevant. For purposes of determining whether to
PLR-104140-24 5

grant relief under § 2642(g), the time for making the allocation (or election) shall be
treated as if not expressly prescribed by statute.

Section 301.9100-1(c) provides that the Commissioner has discretion to grant a
reasonable extension of time under the rules set forth in §§ 301.9100-2 and 301.9100-3
to make a regulatory election, or a statutory election (but no more than six months
except in the case of a taxpayer who is abroad), under all subtitles of the Code except
subtitles E, G, H, and I.

Section 301.9100-3 provides the standards used to determine whether to grant an
extension of time to make an election whose due date is prescribed by a regulation (and
not expressly provided by statute). Requests for relief under § 301.9100-3 will be
granted when the taxpayer provides the evidence to establish to the satisfaction of the
Commissioner that the taxpayer acted reasonably and in good faith, and that granting
relief will not prejudice the interests of the government.

Section 301.9100-3(b)(1)(v) provides that a taxpayer is deemed to have acted
reasonably and in good faith if the taxpayer reasonably relied on a qualified tax
professional, including a tax professional employed by the taxpayer, and the tax
professional failed to make, or advise the taxpayer to make, the election.

Under § 301.9100-3(g)(1), the procedures set forth in § 301.9100-3 do not apply to
requests for relief under § 2642(g)(1) that are filed on or after May 6, 2024, regardless
of the date of the transfer. Since this ruling request was filed with the Internal Revenue
Service prior to May 6, 2024, the procedures set forth in § 301.9100-3 may still be
applied to grant relief under § 2642(g)(1). For requests for relief under § 2642(g)(1), see
§ 26.2642-7.

Based upon the facts submitted and representations made, we conclude that the
requirements of § 301.9100-3 are satisfied. Accordingly, assuming Taxpayer and
Spouse signify their consent to treat all of the gifts occurring in Year 1 as having been
made one-half by each of them under § 2513, Taxpayer is granted an extension of time
of 120 days from the date of this letter to make an election under §2632(c)(5)(A)(i)(II) for
the automatic allocation rules of § 2632(c)(1) not to apply to all transfers made by
Taxpayer to Trust. The election should be made on a Year 1 Form 709. The Form 709
should be filed with the Internal Revenue Service Center at the following address:
Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, Kansas City, MO 64999. A copy
of this letter should be attached to Form 709.

Except as expressly provided herein, we neither express nor imply any opinion
concerning the tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or
referenced in this letter.
PLR-104140-24 6

The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and representations
submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on examination.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

                                             Sincerely,

                                             Associate Chief Counsel
                                             Passthroughs & Special Industries



                                       By: Melissa Liquerman
                                           Melissa Liquerman
                                           Senior Counsel
                                           Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                           (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosure (1)

    Copy for § 6110 purposes.

cc: ------------------------------
--------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
-----------------------------

   ----------------------------------------------------------
   --------------------------------