S corporation keeps its status after three successor trusts miss their ESBT elections

Plain-English summary

An S corporation's stock was held through a grantor trust set up by a shareholder. When that shareholder died, the trust stopped being a grantor trust but remained an eligible S corporation shareholder for a two-year grace period. Within that window, the trust split the stock among three new trusts. To stay eligible shareholders, each new trust had to elect to be an electing small business trust (ESBT), but their trustees never filed those elections on time, which terminated the corporation's S election. The corporation said the failures were inadvertent and not for tax avoidance, and it and its shareholders agreed to make any required corrections. The IRS found the termination inadvertent under § 1362(f) and let the corporation keep S status, provided the three trustees file the ESBT elections within 120 days.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: May the corporation keep its S election after three successor trusts failed to file timely ESBT elections?
• Outcome: Approved, subject to corrective ESBT elections within 120 days
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(c)(2), 1361(e), 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1(m)(2)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202429006 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 7/19/2024 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1361.00-00, 1361.03-00,
1361.03-03, 1362.04-00 Person To Contact:
--------------------, ID No. -----------------

------------------------------------------- Telephone Number:
------------------ --------------------
----------------------------- Refer Reply To:
------------------------- CC:PSI:01
-------------------------------- PLR-119780-23
Date:
April 05, 2024

                                             LEGEND

X = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

A = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------

Trust 1 = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------

Trust 2 = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

Trust 3 = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------

Trust 4 = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

State = ------

Year 1 = -------

Date 1 = -------------------

Date 2 = ------------------
PLR-119780-23 2

Date 3 = -----------------------

Dear ----------------

This letter responds to a letter dated September 20, 2023, and subsequent
correspondence, submitted on behalf of X by X’s authorized representative, requesting
a ruling under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code).

                                          FACTS

According to the information submitted, X was organized under the laws of State during
Year and made an election to be treated as an S corporation effective on Date 1. A
held shares in X through Trust 1, a grantor trust under subpart E of part I of subchapter
J of Chapter 1 of the Code. Trust ceased to be a grantor trust upon A's death on Date

2. On Date 3, within the two-year period beginning on the day of A's death during which
   Trust 1 continued to qualify as an eligible S corporation shareholder under
   § 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii), Trust 1 transferred the shares in X to Trust 2, Trust 3 and Trust 4.

X represents that, beginning on Date 3, Trust 2, Trust 3, and Trust 4 met the
requirements of an Electing Small Business Trust (ESBT) within the meaning of
§ 1361(e)(1)(A). However, the trustees of Trust 2, Trust 3 and Trust 4 did not make
timely elections for Trust 2, Trust 3 or Trust 4 to be treated as ESBTs under
§ 1361(e)(3).

X represents that there was no tax avoidance or retroactive tax planning involved in the
failure of Trust 2, Trust 3 or Trust 4 to file an ESBT election and the resulting
termination of X’s S corporation election. X and its shareholders agree to make any
adjustments that may be required as a condition of obtaining relief under the inadvertent
termination rule as provided under § 1362(f).

                                     LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to any
taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is in
effect for such year.

Section 1361(b)(1) provides that the term “small business corporation” means a
domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have
more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate,
a trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is
not an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more
than one class of stock.
PLR-119780-23 3

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that a trust all of which is treated (under subpart E of
part I of subchapter J of Chapter 1 of the Code) as owned by an individual who is a
citizen or resident of the United States is a permissible shareholder.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) provides that a trust which was described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i)
immediately before the death of the deemed owner and which continues in existence
after such death, but only for the 2-year period beginning on the day of the deemed
owner’s death is a permissible shareholder.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that an ESBT is a permissible shareholder.

Section 1361(e)(1)(A) provides that, for purposes of § 1361, except as provided in
§ 1361(e)(1)(B), the term "electing small business trust" means any trust if (i) such trust
does not have as a beneficiary any person other than (I) an individual, (II) an estate,
(III) an organization described in § 170(c)(2), (3), (4), or (5), or (IV) an organization
described in § 170(c)(1) which holds a contingent interest in such trust and is not a
potential current beneficiary, (ii) no interest in such trust was acquired by purchase, and
(iii) an election under § 1361(e) applies to such trust.

Section 1361(e)(3) provides that an election under § 1361(e) shall be made by the
trustee. Any such election shall apply to the taxable year of the trust for which made
and subsequent taxable years of such trust unless revoked with the consent of the
Secretary.

Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(i) of the Income Tax Regulations provides, in part, that the
trustee of an ESBT must make the ESBT election by signing and filing, with the service
center where the S corporation files its income tax return, a statement that meets the
requirements of § 1.1361-1(m)(2)(ii). Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(iii) provides that the ESBT
election must be filed within the time requirements prescribed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(iii) for
filing a QSST election.

Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated
whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation. Section 1362(d)(2)(B) provides that any termination under § 1362(d)(2)(A)
is effective on and after the date of cessation.

Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any
corporation was terminated under § 1362(d)(2), (2) the Secretary determines that the
circumstances resulting in such termination were inadvertent, (3) no later than a
reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances resulting in such
termination, steps were taken so that the corporation for which the termination occurred
is a small business corporation, and (4) the corporation for which the or the termination
occurred, and each person who was a shareholder in such corporation at any time
during the period specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to make the adjustments
PLR-119780-23 4

(consistent with the treatment of such corporation as an S corporation) as may be
required by the Secretary with respect to such period, then, notwithstanding the
circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, such corporation shall be
treated as an S corporation during the period specified by the Secretary.

                                   CONCLUSION

Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude that
X’s S corporation election terminated on Date 3 when Trust 2, Trust 3 and Trust 4 failed
to make elections under section § 1362(e) to treat Trust 2, Trust 3 and Trust 4 as
ESBTs effective Date 3. We further conclude that the termination of X’s S election was
inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f). Therefore, pursuant to the provisions of
§ 1362(f), X will be treated as an S corporation effective Date 3 and thereafter, provided
X’s S corporation election is otherwise valid and not otherwise terminated under
§ 1362(d).

This letter is contingent on, within 120 days of this letter, the trustees of Trust 2, Trust 3
and Trust 4 filing with the appropriate service center an election to treat Trust 2, Trust 3
and Trust 4 as ESBTs, effective Date 3. A copy of this letter should be attached to any
elections.

Except as specifically set forth above, we express or imply no opinion concerning the
federal tax consequences of the facts described above under any other provision of the
Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding X's eligibility to be an S
corporation or Trust 2, Trust 3, or Trust 4‘s eligibility to elect to be treated as an ESBT.

The ruling contained in this letter is based upon information and representations
submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted in
support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on examination.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.
PLR-119780-23 5

Pursuant to a power of attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is being sent
to your authorized representative.

                                                Sincerely,

                                                /s/
                                                Caroline E. Hay
                                                Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 1
                                                Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                                (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosure
Copy for § 6110 purposes

cc: ----------------------
------------------
------------------------
-------------------------

   ----------------------------------
   ---------
   ------------