Missed trust elections did not end S corporation status

Plain-English summary

An S corporation had two trust shareholders whose required elections were not timely filed. One trust remained a shareholder after its two-year post-death eligibility period ended, but its beneficiary failed to elect qualified subchapter S trust treatment. A second trust later received shares but its trustee failed to elect electing small business trust treatment. The corporation and shareholders consistently filed as though the S corporation and trust elections remained valid, and they represented that the failures were inadvertent. The IRS allowed the corporation to continue as an S corporation, conditioned on the first beneficiary's estate and the second trust's trustee filing their respective elections within 120 days.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could the corporation retain S status after missed QSST and ESBT elections made two trusts ineligible shareholders?
• Outcome: Approved as an inadvertent termination, subject to filing both trust elections within 120 days
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361 and 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202340011 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 10/6/2023 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Numbers: 1362.00-00, 1362.01-00,
1362.04-00 Person To Contact:
-----------------------, ID No. -----------------
-------------------------- Telephone Number:
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---------------------- Refer Reply To:
--------------------------- CC:PSI:3
------------------------------------ PLR-101713-23
Date:
July 07, 2023

LEGEND

X = -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Date 1 = --------------------------

Date 2 = --------------------------

Trust 1 = --------------------------------

Trust 2 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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A = -------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------

Dear -------------:

    This letter responds to a letter dated October 18, 2022, and subsequent

correspondence, submitted on behalf of X by its authorized representative, requesting a
ruling under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code).

                                                 FACTS

   According to the information submitted, Trust 1 was a permissible shareholder of

X, an S corporation, under § 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) until Date 1 when the 2-year period

PLR-101713-23 2

described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) ended. X represents that as of Date 1, Trust 1 satisfied
the qualified subchapter S trust (QSST) requirements under § 1361(d)(3). However, A,
Trust 1’s income beneficiary, failed to make an election under § 1361(d)(2) to treat Trust
1 as a QSST effective Date 1, thereby causing X’s S corporation election to terminate
on Date 1.

    On Date 2, Trust 2 received shares of X stock. X represents that Trust 2 was

eligible to be an electing small business trust (ESBT) within the meaning of
§ 1361(e)(1)(A), but the trustee of Trust 2 failed to file an election under § 1361(e)(3) to
treat Trust 2 as an ESBT effective Date 2. Consequently, Trust 2 was an ineligible
shareholder of X and X’s S corporation election would have terminated on Date 2, had it
not already terminated on Date 1.

    X represents that the circumstances resulting in the termination of its S

corporation election were inadvertent and were not motivated by tax avoidance or
retroactive tax planning. Further, X represents that it and its shareholders have always
filed tax returns consistent with X being an S corporation, Trust 1 being a QSST
effective Date 1, and Trust 2 being an ESBT effective Date 2. Finally, X and its
shareholders agree to make any adjustments (consistent with the treatment of X as an
S corporation) as may be required by the Secretary.

                              LAW AND ANALYSIS

    Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to

any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is
in effect for the year.

   Section 1361(b)(1) defines a “small business corporation” as a domestic

corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have more
than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a
trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not
an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more than
one class of stock.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all

of which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1 of the Code)
as owned by an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be an S
corporation shareholder.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust

which was described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) immediately before the death of the deemed
owner and which continues in existence after such death may be an S corporation
shareholder, but only for the 2-year period beginning on the day of the deemed owner’s
death.

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    Section 1361(d)(1) provides that in the case of a QSST with respect to which a

beneficiary makes an election under § 1361(d)(2) — (A) such trust shall be treated as a
trust described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i), (B) for purposes of § 678(a), the beneficiary of such
trust shall be treated as the owner of that portion of the trust which consists of stock in
an S corporation with respect to which the election under § 1361(d)(2) is made, and
(C) for purposes of applying §§ 465 and 469 to the beneficiary of the trust, the
disposition of the S corporation stock by the trust shall be treated as a disposition by
such beneficiary.

  Section 1361(d)(2) provides that a beneficiary of a QSST (or his legal

representative) may elect to have § 1361(d) apply.

     Section 1361(d)(3) defines a QSST as a trust, (A) the terms of which require that

(i) during the life of the current income beneficiary, there shall be only one income
beneficiary of the trust, (ii) any corpus distributed during the life of the current income
beneficiary may be distributed only to such beneficiary, (iii) the income interest of the
current income beneficiary in the trust shall terminate on the earlier of such beneficiary’s
death or the termination of the trust, and (iv) upon the termination of the trust during the
life of the current income beneficiary, the trust shall distribute all of its assets to such
beneficiary, and (B) all of the income (within the meaning of § 643(b)) of which is
distributed (or required to be distributed) currently to one individual who is a citizen or
resident of the United States.

  Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), an ESBT

may be an S corporation shareholder.

   Section 1361(e)(1)(A) defines an ESBT as any trust if (i) such trust does not have

as a beneficiary any person other than (I) an individual, (II) an estate, (III) an
organization described in § 170(c)(2), (3), (4), or (5), or (IV) an organization described in
§ 170(c)(1) which holds a contingent interest in such trust and is not a potential current
beneficiary, (ii) no interest in such a trust was acquired by purchase, and (iii) an election
under § 1361(e) applies to such trust.

   Section 1361(e)(3) provides that an election under § 1361(e) shall be made by

the trustee. Any such election shall apply to the taxable year of the trust for which made
and all subsequent taxable years of such trust unless revoked with the consent of the
Secretary.

   Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(i) of the Income Tax Regulations provides that the

trustee of an ESBT must make the ESBT election by signing and filing, with the service
center where the S corporation files its income tax return, a statement that meets the
requirements of § 1.1361-1(m)(2)(ii).

 Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(iii) provides that the trustee of an ESBT must file the

ESBT election within the time requirements prescribed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(iii) for filing a

PLR-101713-23 4

QSST election (generally within the 16-day-and-2-month period beginning on the day
that the stock is transferred to the trust).

   Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) will be

terminated whenever (at any time on or after the first day of the first taxable year for
which the corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small
business corporation. Section 1362(d)(2)(B) provides that any termination under
§ 1362(d)(2)(A) is effective on and after the date of cessation.

    Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a)

by any corporation was terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3), (2) the Secretary
determines that the circumstances resulting in such termination were inadvertent, (3) no
later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances resulting in
the termination, steps were taken so that the corporation for which the termination
occurred is once more a small business corporation, and (4) the corporation for which
the termination occurred and each person who was a shareholder in the corporation at
any time during the period specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to make adjustments
(consistent with the treatment of the corporation as an S corporation) as may be
required by the Secretary with respect to the period, then, notwithstanding the
circumstances resulting in the termination, the corporation will be treated as an S
corporation during the period specified by the Secretary.

                                   CONCLUSION

    Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude

that X’s S corporation election terminated on Date 1 when Trust 1 became an ineligible
shareholder and would have terminated on Date 2 when Trust 2 became a shareholder,
had it not otherwise terminated on Date 1. We also conclude that the circumstances
resulting in the termination of X’s S corporation election were inadvertent within the
meaning of § 1362(f). Therefore, pursuant to the provisions of § 1362(f), X will continue
to be treated as an S corporation from Date 1 and thereafter, provided that X’s S
corporation election was valid and has not otherwise terminated under § 1362(d) for
reasons not addressed in this letter.

    This ruling is conditioned on: (1) the estate of A filing, on behalf of A, a QSST

election for Trust 1, effective Date 1, with the appropriate service center within 120 days
from the date of this letter, and (2) the trustee of Trust 2 filing an ESBT election for Trust
2, effective Date 2, with the appropriate service center within 120 days from the date of
this letter. A copy of this letter should be attached to the QSST and ESBT elections.

     Except as expressly provided herein, we express or imply no opinion concerning

the tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced
in this letter. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding X’s eligibility to be
an S corporation, Trust 1’s eligibility to be a QSST, or Trust 2’s eligibility to be an ESBT.

PLR-101713-23 5

   The ruling contained in this letter is based upon information and representations

submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the ruling request, it is subject to verification on examination.

  This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of

the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

  In accordance with a power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending a

copy of this letter to X's authorized representatives.

                                           Sincerely,



                                           /s/
                                           Mary Beth Carchia
                                           Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 3
                                           Office of Associate Chief Counsel
                                           (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosure:
Copy of letter for § 6110 purposes

cc: ----------------------
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