Missed trust elections did not end the corporation's S status

Plain-English summary

Five trusts acquired shares of an S corporation. The beneficiaries of three trusts failed to make timely qualified subchapter S trust elections, making the corporation's original S election ineffective, and the trustees of two other trusts later failed to make timely electing small business trust elections. The corporation and trusts consistently filed as though the intended elections were effective and represented that the failures were inadvertent rather than tax planning. The IRS treated the corporation as an S corporation continuously, conditioned on the beneficiaries and trustees filing all five trust elections within 120 days.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could the corporation retain S status despite untimely QSST elections for three trusts and untimely ESBT elections for two trusts?
• Outcome: Approved as inadvertent, conditioned on filing all five elections within 120 days
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361 and 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1(j) and (m)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202316002 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 4/21/2023 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1361.03-02, 1361.03-03,
1362.00-00, 1362.01-00, Person To Contact:
1362.04-00 --------------------------, ID No. ---------------
Telephone Number:
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----------------------- Refer Reply To:
---------------------------------- CC:PSI:B01
----------------------- PLR-114107-22
--------------------------- Date:
----------------------------------- January 20, 2023

                                              LEGEND

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X ----------------------

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A =
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Trust 1 =
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Trust 2 =
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Trust 3 =
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Trust 4 =
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Trust 5 =
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Date 1 --------------------------
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Date 2 --------------------------
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Date 3 = ----------------------

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Date 4 --------------------------
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Date 5 = --------------------------

Date 6 = ------------------

Date 7 = ---------------------------

Date 8 = ------------------

State --------------------
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Dear ------------------:

   This responds to a letter dated July 22, 2022, and additional correspondence,

submitted on behalf of X by X’s authorized representative, requesting relief under
section 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code).

                                           FACTS

   The information submitted states that X was formed on Date 1 under the laws of

State and elected to be treated as an S corporation effective Date 3. Trust 1, Trust 2
and Trust 3 acquired shares in X on Date 2; Trust 4 acquired shares in X on Date 4;
and Trust 5 acquired shares in X on Date 5. X represents that Trust 1, Trust 2 and
Trust 3 qualified to elect to be treated as Qualified Subchapter S Trusts (QSSTs).
However, the sole income beneficiaries of each of Trust 1, Trust 2 and Trust 3 failed to
make timely QSST elections within the meaning of § 1361(d)(2), thereby causing X’s S
corporation election on Date 3 to be ineffective.

   Trust 4 and Trust 5 were treated as a wholly-owned grantor trusts under §§ 671

and 676 as to A from Date 4 (as to Trust 4) and Date 5 (as to Trust 5). On Date 6, Trust
4 and Trust 5 ceased to be wholly-owned grantor trusts as to A. X represents that Trust
4 and Trust 5 qualified to elect to be treated as Electing Small Business Trusts (ESBTs)
as of Date 6. However, the trustees of Trust 4 and Trust 5 failed to make timely ESBT
elections under § 1361(e)(e), thereby causing X’s S corporation election, if it were valid,
to be ineffective as of Date 6. On Date 7, Trust 4 was once again treated as a wholly-
owned grantor trust as to A. A died on Date 8.

    X represents that the circumstances resulting in the failure to file QSSTs election

for Trust 1, Trust 2 and Trust 3 and the failure to file ESBT elections for Trust 4 and
Trust 5 were inadvertent and not motivated by tax avoidance or retroactive tax planning.
X further represents that it has filed income tax returns consistent with having a valid S
election in effect for all taxable years since its election to be an S corporation, and each
of the trusts have filed income tax returns consistent with having a QSST or ESBT

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election in effect, as applicable. Further, X represents that X and its shareholders agree
to make any adjustments required by the Secretary as a condition of obtaining relief
under the inadvertent termination rule as provided under § 1362(f).

                              LAW AND ANALYSIS

    Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to

any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is
in effect for such year.

   Section 1361(b)(1) defines a “small business corporation” as a domestic

corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have more than
100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a trust
described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not an
individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more than 1 class
of stock.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all

of which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of Chapter 1 of the Code)
as owned by an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be a
shareholder of an S corporation.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) provides that a trust which was described in

§1361(c)(2)(A)(i) immediately before the death of the deemed owner and which continues
in existence after such death may be an S corporation shareholder, but only for the 2-
year period beginning on the day of the deemed owner’s death.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), an electing

small business trust (ESBT) may be an S corporation shareholder.

    Section 1361(d)(1) provides, in part, that in the case of a QSST with respect to

which a beneficiary makes an election under § 1361(d)(2) the trust is treated as a trust
described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) and, for purposes of § 678(a), the beneficiary of the trust
is treated as the owner of that portion of the trust which consists of stock in a S
corporation with respect to which the election under § 1361(d)(2) is made.

  Section 1361(d)(2)(A) provides that a beneficiary of a QSST (or his legal

representative) may elect to have § 1361(d) apply.

    Section 1361(d)(3) defines a QSST as a trust, (A) the terms of which require that

(i) during the life of the current income beneficiary, there shall be only one income
beneficiary of the trust, (ii) any corpus distributed during the life of the current income
beneficiary may be distributed only to such beneficiary, (iii) the income interest of the
current income beneficiary in the trust shall terminate on the earlier of such beneficiary’s
death or the termination of the trust, and (iv) upon the termination of the trust during the

PLR-114107-22 4

life of the current income beneficiary, the trust shall distribute all of its assets to such
beneficiary, and (B) all of the income (within the meaning of § 643(b)) of which is
distributed (or required to be distributed) currently to one individual who is a citizen or
resident of the United States.

   Section 1361(e)(1)(A) provides that an ESBT means any trust if (i) such trust does

not have as a beneficiary any person other than (I) an individual, (II) an estate, (III) an
organization described in § 170(c)(2), (3), (4), or (5), or (IV) an organization described in
§ 170(c)(1) which holds a contingent interest in such trust and is not a potential current
beneficiary, (ii) no interest in such trust was acquired by purchase, and (iii) an election
under § 1361(e) applies to such trust.

   Section 1361(e)(1)(B) provides that the term “electing small business trust” shall

not include (i) any qualified subchapter S trust (as defined in § 1361(d)(3)) if an election
under § 1361(d)(2) applies to any corporation the stock of which is held by such trust, (ii)
any trust exempt from tax under subtitle A, and (iii) any charitable remainder annuity trust
or charitable remainder unitrust (as defined in § 664(d)).

   Section 1361(e)(3) provides that an election under § 1361(e) shall be made by the

trustee. Any such election shall apply to the taxable year of the trust for which made and
all subsequent taxable years of such trust unless revoked with the consent of the
Secretary.

   Section 1.1361-1(j)(6)(ii) of the Income Tax Regulations provides that the current

income beneficiary of the trust must make the QSST election under § 1361(d)(2) by
signing and filing, with the service center with which the S corporation files its income
tax return, the applicable form or a statement including the information listed in
§ 1.1361-1(j)(6)(ii).

   Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(iii) provides that the trustee of an ESBT must file the ESBT

election within the time requirements prescribed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(iii) for filing a QSST
election (generally within the 16-day-and-2-month period beginning on the day that the
stock is transferred to the trust).

  Section 1362(d)(2) provides that an S corporation election will be terminated

whenever (at any time on or after the first day of the first taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation.

    Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by

any corporation was not effective for the taxable year for which made (determined without
regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of § 1361(b) or
was terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3); (2) the Secretary determines that the
circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination were inadvertent; (3) no
later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances resulting in

PLR-114107-22 5

such ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken so that the corporation for which
the election was made or termination occurred is a small business corporation; and (4)
the corporation for which the election was made or termination occurred, and each person
who was a shareholder in such corporation at any time during the period specified
pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to make the adjustments (consistent with the treatment of
such corporation as an S corporation) as may be required by the Secretary with respect
to such period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness
or termination, such corporation shall be treated as an S corporation during the period
specified by the Secretary.

                                   CONCLUSION

    Based solely on the facts submitted and representations made, we conclude that

X’s initial S corporation election was ineffective on Date 3 because the sole income
beneficiaries of Trust 1, Trust 2 and Trust 3 failed to file timely elections under §
1361(d)(2). Further, were X’s initial S corporation election effective on Date 3, it would
have terminated on Date 6 because the trustees of Trust 4 and Trust 5 failed to file
timely elections under § 1361(e)(3). We conclude, however, that the ineffectiveness of
X’s initial S corporation election, Trust 1, Trust 2, and Trust 3’s QSST elections, and
Trust 4 and Trust 5’s ESBT elections were inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f).
Therefore, under § 1362(f), X will be treated as an S corporation from Date 3 and
thereafter, provided X’s S corporation election is not otherwise terminated under §
1362(d).

    This letter ruling is subject to the condition that within 120 days from the date of

this letter, the sole income beneficiaries of Trust 1, Trust 2 and Trust 3 must file QSST
elections with respect these trusts effective Date 3 with the appropriate service center.
A copy of this letter should be attached to each QSST election. This letter ruling is also
subject to the condition that within 120 days from the date of this letter, the trustees of
Trust 4 and Trust 5 must file ESBT elections with respect to these trusts effective Date 6
with the appropriate service center. A copy of this letter should be attached to each
ESBT election. If these conditions are not met, then this letter ruling is null and void.

     Except as specifically ruled upon above, we express or imply no opinion

concerning the federal tax consequences of the facts of this case under any other
provision of the Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding X’s
eligibility to be an S corporation, Trust 1, Trust 2 and Trust 3’s eligibility to be QSSTs, or
Trust 4 and Trust 5’s eligibility to be ESBTs.

  This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer that requested it. According to

§ 6110(k)(3), this ruling may not be used or cited as precedent.

  The ruling contained in this letter is based upon information and representations

submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed

PLR-114107-22 6

by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the ruling request, it is subject to verification on examination.

    Pursuant to the power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending a copy of

this letter to your authorized representative.

                                      Sincerely,


                                      _/s/___________________________
                                      Laura C. Fields
                                      Branch Chief, Branch 1
                                      Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                      (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures
Copy of this letter for Section 6110 purposes

cc: