A parent's separation of one subsidiary's four businesses into three newly spun-off corporations qualifies as tax-free "D" reorganizations and section 355 distributions
Apply this to your situation
This page covers one taxpayer's ruling from 2022, which can't be cited as precedent. Ezel answers your situation under the current Code and IRS guidance, with citations.
Plain-English summary
A publicly traded parent company owns a subsidiary ("Sub 1") that runs four distinct businesses through a web of lower-tier corporations and disregarded entities. To split those businesses apart, Sub 1 will restructure through a long series of internal mergers, entity conversions, and "divisive mergers," then contribute three of the businesses into three separate entities that elect to be treated as corporations ("Controlled 1, 2, and 3") and distribute all of that stock up to the parent. The taxpayer asked the IRS to confirm the tax-free treatment of this three-way separation. The IRS ruled that each contribution-and-distribution pair is a tax-free reorganization under section 368(a)(1)(D) combined with a tax-free spin-off under section 355: Sub 1 recognizes no gain when it contributes the businesses (sections 357(a), 361(a)) or when it distributes the controlled stock (section 361(c)), each new corporation takes over Sub 1's asset basis and holding period (sections 362(b), 1223(2)), and the parent recognizes no income on receiving the spun-off stock (section 355(a)). The ruling also confirms how the parent allocates its stock basis (section 358) and how earnings and profits are split among the companies (section 312(h)). The IRS expressly did not rule on the business-purpose, device, or anti-abuse (section 355(e)) questions, which are the usual gating issues for a tax-free spin-off.
Ruling snapshot
- Question: Do the three proposed contribution-and-distribution steps qualify as tax-free reorganizations under section 368(a)(1)(D) and tax-free distributions under section 355?
- Outcome: Approved (26 rulings granted; no gain or loss to Sub 1, the new controlled corporations, or Parent, with basis and E&P consequences specified)
- Key authorities: IRC §§ 355, 368(a)(1)(D), 357(a), 361, 362(b), 358, 1223, 312(h), 1032; Rev. Proc. 2017-52
Full text (IRS public release)
Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224
Number: 202244008 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 11/4/2022 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 355.01-00, 368.04-00,
312.06-00, 357.00-00, Person To Contact:
358.02-00, 361.02-00, -------------------, ID No. -----------------
362.01-00, 1223.10-00 Telephone Number:
--------------------
---------------- Refer Reply To:
------------------------------------------------------------ CC:CORP:B05
--------------------------------- PLR-110152-22
------------------------------------------------------------ Date:
---------------- August 09, 2022
Parent = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 1 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 2 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 3 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 4 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 5 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
PLR-110152-22 2
Sub 6 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 7 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 8 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 9 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 10 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 11 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 12 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 13 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 14 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 15 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Sub 16 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
PLR-110152-22 3
DE 1 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 2 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 3 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 4 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 5 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 6 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 7 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 8 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 9 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 10 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 11 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
PLR-110152-22 4
DE 12 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
DE 13 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Business A1 = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business A2 = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business B = ----------------------------
Business C = ---------------------------------------
Sub 1 Receivable = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------
DE 11 Payable = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a = -----------------------
b = -----------------------
c = -------------------------
d = -------------------------
e = ---
f = --
g = ---
h = --
Continuing = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relationships -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLR-110152-22 5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dear ----------:
This letter responds to your authorized representative’s letter received on May
23, 2022, requesting rulings on certain federal income tax consequences of a series of
proposed transactions (the “Proposed Transactions”). The material information
submitted in that request is summarized below.
This letter is issued pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2017-52, 2017-41 I.R.B. 283,
regarding one or more “covered transactions” under sections 355 and 368 of the
Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). This office expresses no opinion as to any issue
not specifically addressed by the rulings below.
The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and
representations submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury
statement executed by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the
material submitted in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on
examination.
We have made no determination regarding whether any of the Distributions (i)
satisfies the business purpose requirement of Treas. Reg. § 1.355-2(b), (ii) is used
principally as a device for the distribution of the earnings and profits of Sub 1 or the
controlled corporation or both, see section 355(a)(1)(B) and Treas. Reg. § 1.355-2(d)),
PLR-110152-22 6
or (iii) is part of a plan (or series of related transactions) pursuant to which one or more
persons will acquire directly or indirectly stock representing a 50 percent or greater
interest in Sub 1 or the relevant controlled corporation, or any predecessor or successor
of Sub 1 or such controlled corporation, within the meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.355-8T.
See section 355(e)(2)(A)(ii) and Treas. Reg. § 1.355-7.
Summary of Facts
Parent is a publicly traded domestic corporation and the common parent of a
consolidated group (the “Parent Group”).
Parent directly owns all of the outstanding stock of Sub 1, a domestic corporation
and a member of the Parent Group. Sub 1 engages in Business A1, Business A2,
Business B, and Business C through its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Parent has
submitted financial information in accordance with Rev. Proc. 2017-52 indicating that
each of Business A1, Business A2, Business B, and Business C will have had gross
receipts and operating expenses representing the active conduct of a trade or business
for each of the past five years at the time of the Proposed Transaction. The direct and
indirect subsidiaries of Sub 1 relevant to the Proposed Transactions are described
below.
Sub 1 wholly owns Sub 2, Sub 3, Sub 4, Sub 5, Sub 6, Sub 7, and Sub 8, each of
which is a domestic corporation and a member of the Parent Group. Sub 1 also wholly
owns DE 1, DE 2, DE 3, DE 4, and DE 5, each of which is a domestic eligible entity that
is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner for federal income tax purposes
under Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-3(b)(1)(ii) (a “disregarded entity”).
DE 1 owns a% of the outstanding equity interests of DE 6, a domestic
disregarded entity. DE 2 owns the remaining b% of DE 6. DE 6 wholly owns Sub 9 and
Sub 10, each of which is a domestic corporation and a member of the Parent Group.
DE 3 wholly owns Sub 11, c% of the outstanding stock of Sub 12, and d% of the
outstanding stock of Sub 13, each of which is a domestic corporation and a member of
the Parent Group. One or more unrelated persons own the remaining interests of Sub
12 and Sub 13. DE 3 also wholly owns DE 7 and DE 8, each of which is a domestic
disregarded entity.
DE 4 wholly owns DE 9, a domestic disregarded entity.
DE 5 wholly owns DE 10, a domestic disregarded entity.
DE 9 owns e% of the outstanding equity interests of DE 11, a domestic
disregarded entity. DE 10 owns the remaining f% of DE 11.
DE 11 wholly owns Sub 14, a domestic corporation and a member of the Parent
Group, and DE 12, a domestic disregarded entity. DE 11 also owns g% of the
PLR-110152-22 7
outstanding equity interests of DE 13, a domestic disregarded entity. DE 12 owns the
remaining h% of DE 13.
Sub 7 wholly owns Sub 15 and Sub 16, each of which is a domestic corporation
and a member of the Parent Group.
Proposed Transactions
For what are represented to be valid business reasons, Sub 1 proposes to
separate Business A1, Business A2, and Business B from Business C in the following
steps, which will occur sequentially unless otherwise specified:
1) Each of Sub 9 and Sub 10 will merge into DE 6 in a transaction intended to qualify
under sections 332 and 337.
2) In transactions intended to be disregarded for federal income tax purposes:
a) DE 11 will convert from one type of eligible entity within the meaning of Treas.
Reg. § 301.7701-3 to another pursuant to state law, will change its name, and
will remain a domestic disregarded entity.
b) DE 13 will convert from one type of eligible entity within the meaning of Treas.
Reg. § 301.7701-3 to another pursuant to state law, will change its name, and
will remain a domestic disregarded entity.
c) DE 12 will distribute its interests in DE 13 to DE 11.
d) DE 9 will distribute its interests in DE 11 to DE 4.
e) DE 4 will distribute its interests in DE 11 to Sub 1.
f) DE 10 will distribute its interests in DE 11 to DE 5.
g) DE 5 will distribute its interests in DE 11 to Sub 1.
h) DE 3 will distribute DE 8 to Sub 1.
i) DE 11 will distribute DE 12 to Sub 1.
j) DE 11 will distribute Sub 14 to Sub 1.
3) Each of DE 1, DE 2, DE 4, DE 5, DE 8, DE 9, DE 10, and DE 12 will merge into Sub
7 in a transaction or transactions intended to qualify under section 351.
4) Each of Sub 2, Sub 3, Sub 5, Sub 8, and Sub 14 will merge into Sub 7 in a
transaction or transactions intended to be described in section 368(a)(1).
PLR-110152-22 8
5) Each of Sub 15 and Sub 16 will merge into Sub 7 in a transaction or transactions
intended to qualify under sections 332 and 337.
6) In transactions intended to be disregarded for federal income tax purposes:
a) DE 11 will distribute DE 13 to Sub 1.
b) Sub 1 will contribute the Sub 1 Receivable to DE 11 in exchange for an
increased interest in DE 11.
c) DE 3 will engage in a divisive merger pursuant to state law, resulting in the
creation of DE 14, a domestic disregarded entity (“Demerger 1”). Pursuant to
Demerger 1, (a) DE 14 will acquire all of the ownership interests in DE 7 and all
of the Business C assets formerly owned by DE 3 and will become obligated with
respect to all of the known Business C liabilities and all of the unknown liabilities
with respect to which DE 3 was formerly obligated; and (b) DE 3 will retain all
assets and liabilities not acquired by DE 14. DE 14 and DE 3 will employ the
personnel associated with the Business C and Business B, respectively.
d) DE 11 will engage in a divisive merger pursuant to state law, resulting in the
creation of DE 15, DE 16, and DE 17, each a domestic disregarded entity
(“Demerger 2”). Pursuant to Demerger 2, (a) all of the Business A2 assets and all
of the known Business A2 liabilities will be retained by DE 11; (b) DE 17 will
acquire all of the Business A1 assets formerly owned by DE 11 and will become
obligated with respect to all of the known Business A1 liabilities with respect to
which DE 11 was formerly obligated, if any; (c) DE 15 will acquire all of the
Business B assets formerly owned by DE 11 and the net amount of the
receivable from Parent which remains after the Sub 1 Receivable is offset
against the DE 11 Payable, and will become obligated with respect to all of the
known Business B liabilities with respect to which DE 11 was formerly obligated,
if any; and (d) DE 16 will acquire all of the Business C assets formerly owned by
DE 11, and will become obligated with respect to all of the known Business C
liabilities and all of the unknown liabilities with respect to which DE 11 was
formerly obligated, if any. DE 11, DE 17, DE 15, and DE 16 will employ the
personnel associated with Business A2, Business A1, Business B, and Business
C, respectively, who were formerly employed by DE 11, if any.
e) Following and in connection with Demerger 1 and Demerger 2, DE 16 and DE 14
will merge simultaneously with and into DE 13.
f) Following and in connection with Demerger 1 and Demerger 2, DE 15 will merge
with and into DE 3.
g) DE 11 will change its name.
PLR-110152-22 9
7) Sub 1 will change its name in a transaction intended to qualify under section
368(a)(1).
8) Effective at least two days after Steps 6 and 7 (“Date 1”), DE 17 will elect under
Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-3 to be characterized as an association taxed as a
corporation for federal income tax purposes (“Controlled 1 Contribution”; DE 17
hereinafter “Controlled 1”).
9) Effective Date 1, DE 11 will elect under Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-3 to be
characterized as an association taxed as a corporation for federal income tax
purposes (“Controlled 2 Contribution”; DE 11 hereinafter “Controlled 2”).
10) Effective Date 1, DE 3 will elect under Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-3 to be characterized
as an association taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes
(“Controlled 3 Contribution”; DE 3 hereinafter “Controlled 3”).
11) At least two days after Date 1 and following Steps 8 through 10, Sub 1 will distribute
to Parent all of Controlled 1 (“Controlled 1 Distribution”), Controlled 2 (“Controlled 2
Distribution”), and Controlled 3 (“Controlled 3 Distribution”; together with the
Controlled 1 Distribution and the Controlled 2 Distribution, the “Distributions”).
Continuing Relationships
After the Proposed Transactions, Sub 1, Controlled 1, Controlled 2, and
Controlled 3 will engage in the Continuing Relationships.
Representations
With respect to the Controlled 1 Distribution and except as set forth below,
Parent has made all the representations in Section 3 of the Appendix to Rev. Proc.
2017-52.
1. Parent has made the following alternative representations: 3(a), 8(a), 11(a)
(except as noted in the Continuing Relationships), 15(a), 22(a), 31(a), and
41(a).
2. Parent has not made the following representations, which do not apply: 7, 19,
20, 24, 25, 35, 36, 37, and 39.
3. Parent has not made Representations 32 and 42 but provided the required
explanations.
With respect to the Controlled 2 Distribution and except as set forth below,
Parent has made all the representations in Section 3 of the Appendix to Rev. Proc.
2017-52.
PLR-110152-22 10
1. Parent has made the following alternative representations: 3(a), 8(a), 11(a)
(except as noted in the Continuing Relationships), 15(a), 22(a), 31(a), and
41(a).
2. Parent has not made the following representations, which do not apply: 7, 19,
20, 24, 25, 35, 36, 37, and 39.
3. Parent has not made Representations 32 and 42 but provided the required
explanations.
With respect to the Controlled 3 Distribution and except as set forth below,
Parent has made all the representations in Section 3 of the Appendix to Rev. Proc.
2017-52.
1. Parent has made the following alternative representations: 3(a), 8(a), 11(a)
(except as noted in the Continuing Relationships), 15(a), 22(a), 31(a), and
41(a).
2. Parent has not made the following representations, which do not apply: 7, 19,
20, 24, 25, 35, 36, 37, and 39.
3. Parent has not made Representations 32 and 42 but provided the required
explanations.
Rulings
Based solely on the information submitted and the representations set forth
above, we rule as follows:
Controlled 1 Contribution and Controlled 1 Distribution
-
The Controlled 1 Contribution and the Controlled 1 Distribution together will
constitute a reorganization within the meaning of section 368(a)(1)(D). Sub 1 and
Controlled 1 will each be a “party to the reorganization” within the meaning of
section 368(b). -
Sub 1 will not recognize gain or loss on the Controlled 1 Contribution. Sections
357(a) and 361(a). -
Controlled 1 will not recognize gain or loss on the Controlled 1 Contribution.
Section 1032(a). -
Controlled 1’s basis in each asset received in the Controlled 1 Contribution will
be the same as the basis of the asset in the hands of Sub 1 immediately before
the Controlled 1 Contribution. Section 362(b).
PLR-110152-22 11 -
Controlled 1’s holding period in each asset received in the Controlled 1
Contribution will include the period during which Sub 1 held the asset. Section
1223(2). -
Sub 1 will recognize no gain or loss on the Controlled 1 Distribution. Section
361(c). -
Parent will not recognize gain or loss (and no amount otherwise will be includable
in its income) upon receipt of the equity interests of Controlled 1 in the Controlled
1 Distribution. Section 355(a). -
Parent’s holding period in the equity interests of Controlled 1 received in the
Controlled 1 Distribution will include the holding period of the Sub 1 stock with
respect to which the Controlled 1 Distribution will be made, provided that such
equity interests of Controlled 1 are held by Parent as a capital asset upon the
date of the Controlled 1 Distribution. Section 1223(1).
Controlled 2 Contribution and Controlled 2 Distribution
-
The Controlled 2 Contribution and the Controlled 2 Distribution together will
constitute a reorganization within the meaning of section 368(a)(1)(D). Sub 1 and
Controlled 2 will each be a “party to the reorganization” within the meaning of
section 368(b). -
Sub 1 will not recognize gain or loss on the Controlled 2 Contribution. Sections
357(a) and 361(a). -
Controlled 2 will not recognize gain or loss on the Controlled 2 Contribution.
Section 1032(a). -
Controlled 2’s basis in each asset received in the Controlled 2 Contribution will
be the same as the basis of the asset in the hands of Sub 1 immediately before
the Controlled 2 Contribution. Section 362(b). -
Controlled 2’s holding period in each asset received in the Controlled 2
Contribution will include the period during which Sub 1 held the asset. Section
1223(2). -
Sub 1 will recognize no gain or loss on the Controlled 2 Distribution. Section
361(c). -
Parent will not recognize gain or loss (and no amount otherwise will be includable
in its income) upon receipt of the equity interests of Controlled 2 in the Controlled
2 Distribution. Section 355(a). -
Parent’s holding period in the equity interests of Controlled 2 received in the
Controlled 2 Distribution will include the holding period of the Sub 1 stock with
PLR-110152-22 12respect to which the Controlled 2 Distribution will be made, provided that such
equity interests of Controlled 2 are held by Parent as a capital asset upon the
date of the Controlled 2 Distribution. Section 1223(1).
Controlled 3 Contribution and Controlled 3 Distribution
-
The Controlled 3 Contribution and the Controlled 3 Distribution together will
constitute a reorganization within the meaning of section 368(a)(1)(D). Sub 1 and
Controlled 3 will each be a “party to the reorganization” within the meaning of
section 368(b). -
Sub 1 will not recognize gain or loss on the Controlled 3 Contribution. Sections
357(a) and 361(a). -
Controlled 3 will not recognize gain or loss on the Controlled 3 Contribution.
Section 1032(a). -
Controlled 3’s basis in each asset received in the Controlled 3 Contribution will
be the same as the basis of the asset in the hands of Sub 1 immediately before
the Controlled 3 Contribution. Section 362(b). -
Controlled 3’s holding period in each asset received in the Controlled 3
Contribution will include the period during which Sub 1 held the asset. Section
1223(2). -
Sub 1 will recognize no gain or loss in the Controlled 3 Distribution. Section
361(c). -
Parent will not recognize gain or loss (and no amount otherwise will be includable
in its income) upon receipt of the equity interests of Controlled 3 in the
Controlled 3 Distribution. Section 355(a). -
Parent’s holding period in the equity interests of Controlled 3 received in
connection with the Controlled 3 Distribution will include the holding period of the
Sub 1 stock with respect to which the Controlled 3 Distribution will be made,
provided that such equity interests of Controlled 3 are held by Parent as a capital
asset upon the date of the Controlled 3 Distribution. Section 1223(1).
The Distributions
-
The aggregate basis of the stock of Sub 1, the equity interests of Controlled 1,
the equity interests of Controlled 2, and the equity interests of Controlled 3 in the
hands of Parent immediately after the Distributions will equal the aggregate basis
of the Sub 1 stock held by Parent immediately before the Distributions, allocated
between the stock of Sub 1, the equity interests of Controlled 1, the equity
PLR-110152-22 13interests of Controlled 2, and the equity interests of Controlled 3 in accordance with Treas. Reg. § 1.358-2(a)(2). Sections 358(a) and (b).- Earnings and profits will be allocated between Controlled 1, Controlled 2,
Controlled 3, and Sub 1 in accordance with section 312(h) and Treas. Reg.
§§ 1.312-10(a) and 1.1502-33(d).Caveats
No opinion is expressed about the tax treatment of the Proposed Transactions
under other provisions of the Code or regulations, or about the tax treatment of any
conditions existing at the time of, or effects resulting from the Proposed Transactions
that are not specifically covered by the above rulings.Procedural StatementsThis letter ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3)
of the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is
relevant. Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this
requirement by attaching a statement to their returns that provides the date on and
control number of this letter ruling.In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of thisletter is being sent to your authorized representative.
Sincerely, _Austin Diamond-Jones___________ Austin Diamond-Jones, Senior Technical Reviewer, Branch 1 Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate) - Earnings and profits will be allocated between Controlled 1, Controlled 2,
cc:
Get today's answer for your situation
You just read what the IRS ruled for one taxpayer in 2022, and it can't be cited as precedent. Ezel checks the current Internal Revenue Code and IRS guidance and answers your specific situation, with citations.
Opens in Ezel Pro. Every answer cites the authority it relies on.