Partnership-style agreement caused inadvertent S termination

Plain-English summary

A limited liability company elected S corporation status but later adopted an operating agreement containing extensive partnership-style provisions. The agreement created capital and profits-interest units, maintained member capital accounts, allowed special allocations, and based liquidation distributions on positive capital account balances. Those governing provisions created more than one class of stock because they did not give all equity holders identical distribution and liquidation rights. The company and its owners consistently filed as an S corporation, agreed to amend the agreement, and would amend returns to report income and tax from vested units. The IRS found the resulting S election termination inadvertent and treated the company as continuously qualifying from the election date, assuming the election was otherwise valid and did not terminate for another reason.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Was the S corporation termination caused by partnership-style distribution and liquidation provisions inadvertent?
• Outcome: Approved. The company is treated as continuously qualifying, subject to the stated assumptions and corrective actions.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(b)(1), 1362(d)(2), 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1(l)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202124002 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 6/18/2021 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1362.04-00
Person To Contact:
---------------- -----------------, ID No. -----------------
------------------------- Telephone Number:
---------------------------------------- --------------------
----------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:03
PLR-120410-20
Date:
March 19, 2021

Legend:

Company: = ----------------
-----------------------

State: = ------

Date 1: = -----------------------

Date 2 = --------------------------

Date 3 = ----------------------

Date 4 = ----------------------

Years = --------------------

Dear -------------:

 This letter responds to a letter dated September 14, 2020, and subsequent

correspondence submitted on behalf of Company by its authorized representatives,
requesting a ruling under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code).
PLR-120410-20 2

                                      FACTS

  The information submitted states Company was organized on Date 1, as a

limited liability company under the laws of State. On Date 2, Company elected to be an
S corporation effective for Date 3.

  On Date 4, the Company adopted an operating agreement (“Agreement”) that

included provisions in contemplation of Company being treated as a partnership for
Federal income tax purposes. However, the applicability of those provisions was not
limited to such a situation. The Agreement included the following partnership
provisions:

 1.2.4. “Capital Account” of a Member means the capital account maintained for

the Member in accordance with Article 3.6.

  1.2.5. “Capital Unit” means any Unit that would give the holder thereof a share of

the proceeds if the Company’s assets were sold at fair market value (determined as of
the date on which such Unit is received) and then the proceeds were distributed in a
complete liquidation of the Company.

  1.2.15. “Profits Interest” represents an interest in Company profits and losses

from operations, distributions from operations and an interest in future appreciation or
depreciation in Company asset values but which does not represent an interest in any
existing capital of the Company (as described in Revenue Procedure 93-27, 1993-2
C.B. 343 and Revenue Procedure 2001-43.2001-2 C.B. 191.

  1.2.16. “Profits Interest Unit” means, as of any date of determination of the

number of outstanding Profits Interest Units, that portion of an outstanding Profits
Interest that entitles the holder thereof to receive distributions from the Company equal
to the distributions to which the holder of one Unit is then entitled to receive pursuant to
this Agreement.

  3.1. Initial Capital Contributions. The Members shall make capital contributions

to the Company, in cash, services, or property, in the amounts set forth in the attached
Exhibit A.

  3.2. Members’ Units in Company Capital. The interest of each Member in the

capital of the Company shall be equal to such Member’s Membership Interest, which is
comprised of part or all of one or more Units. As of the date of this Agreement, the
Units are allocated among the Members as set forth on Exhibit A.

   3.3.1. Profits Interest Units. This Article 3.3 shall constitute a written

compensation plan and agreement within the meaning of Rule 701 under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and under State law pursuant to which
Profits Interests may be issued as determined by the Managers, for zero consideration
in order to align the interests of the holders of Profits Interest Units with the interests of
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the other Members and to provide an additional incentive for the holders of Profits
Interest Units to build value for the Company and achieve its business goals. The
provisions of this Article 3.3 shall apply to any issuance of Profits Interest Units, as
determined by the Managers in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. A holder
of a Profits Interest Unit is a Member for all purposes of this Agreement.

  3.3.2. Profits Interest Grants. The Profits Interest Units be [sic] issued pursuant

to a profits interest grant agreement in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit
B (with such modifications as the Managers may determine, the “Profits Interest Grant
Agreement”). Each Member who receives a Profits Interest Unit is willing to subject
each such Profits Interest Unit to the terms and conditions of the Profits Interest Grant
Agreement.

   3.3.3. Capital Account. It is intended that the Profits Interest Units will

participate in distributions pari passu with the Capital Units; provided, however, that
each holder of a Profits Interest Unit will have an initial zero balance in its Capital
Account as of the date of grant (the “Grant Date’) with respect to such interest in the
Company. Because each holder of Profits Interest Units has a zero balance in his
Capital Account as of the Grant Date, each holder of Profits Interest Units would not be
entitled to a share of the proceeds if the Company assets were sold at fair market value
as of the Grant Date or any date before the Grant Date and the proceeds were
distributed in a complete liquidation of the Company. The number of Profits Interest
Units granted to a holder shall be set forth on Exhibit A, which may be amended by the
Managers from time to time without any additional consent of the Members.

   3.3.4. Tax Liability. With respect to each holder of Profits Interest Units, the

Company will treat each such holder of Profits Interest Units as the owner of all of the
Profits Interest Units granted to such holder from each applicable Grant Date for all
federal income tax purposes and such holder will take into account his distributive share
of the Company's items of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with
such interest in computing such holder's federal income tax liability for the entire period
during which the holder has Profits Interest Units.

 3.7. Capital Accounts of the Members. A separate Capital Account shall be

maintained for each Member in accordance with the Code and the Regulations
thereunder. Capital Accounts will be:

  3.7.1. Increased by: (i) the amount of any money the Member contributes to the

Company’s capital; (ii) the fair market value of any property the Member contributes to
the Company’s capital, net of any liabilities the Company assumes or to which the
property is subject; and (iii) the Member’s share of Profits and any separately stated
items of income or gain; and

 3.7.2. Decreased by: (i) the amount of any money the Company distributes to

the Member; (ii) the fair market value of any property the Company distributes to the
Member, net of any liabilities the Member assumes or to which the property is subject;
PLR-120410-20 4

and (iii) the Member’s share of Losses and any separately stated items of deduction or
loss.

  3.8. Revaluation of Capital Accounts Upon Occurrence of Certain Events. In

accordance with the provisions of the Regulations, if, after the initial capital is
contributed pursuant to Article 3.1, money or property in other than a de minimis amount
is contributed to the Company, or distributed by the Company to a Member, the Capital
Accounts of the Members and carrying values of all the Company’s property may be
adjusted to reflect the fair market value of the company property on the date of
adjustment, as set forth in the Regulations.

  4.1. Allocation of Profits and Losses Between the Members. After giving effect

to the special allocations contained in Article 4.2 and any others required to be made by
the Code or the Regulations, Profits and Losses for each tax year shall be allocated
between the Members in proportion to their Membership Units.

  4.2. Special Allocations. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained

herein. the following special allocations shall be made if the circumstances require.

   4.2.1. Qualified Income Offset. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary

contained herein, if a Member unexpectedly receives any adjustments, allocations, or
distributions described in Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5), or (6) of the Regulations or
any amendment thereto, or receives an allocation of loss which produces a negative
Capital Account for any Member while any other Member has a positive Capital
Account, then items of Company income, including gross income, shall be specially
allocated to such Member to the extent necessary to eliminate any Capital Account
deficit. This article is intended to constitute a “qualified income offset” within the
meaning of Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) of the Regulations.

   4.2.2. Minimum Gain Chargeback. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary

contained herein. if there is a net decrease in Company “minimum gain,” as defined in
Sections 1.704-2(b)(2) and 1.704-2(d) of the Regulations, during a taxable year, each
Member shall be specially allocated, before any other allocation, items of income and
gain for such taxable year (and, if necessary. subsequent years) in proportion to each
Member’s share of the net decrease in Company “minimum gain.” This article is
intended to comply with the “minimum gain chargeback” provisions of Section 1.704-
(2)(1) of the Regulations.

  4.2.3. Section 704(c) Allocation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary

contained herein, items of income, gain, loss, and deduction with respect to property
contributed to the Company’s capital will be allocated between the Members so as to
take into account any variation between book value and basis, to the extent and in the
manner prescribed by Section 704(c) of the Code and related Regulations.

 4.2.4. Member Nonrecourse Deductions. Items of the Company’s loss,

deductions, and expenditures described in Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code that are
PLR-120410-20 5

attributable to the Company's nonrecourse debt and are characterized as Member
nonrecourse deductions under Section 1.704-2(i) of the Regulations will be allocated to
the Members Capital Accounts in accordance with Section 1.704-2(i) of the Regulations.

    4.2.5. Adjustments for Special Allocations. If the special allocations result in

Capital Account balances that are different from the Capital Account balances the
Members would have had if the special allocations were not required. The Company
will allocate other items of income, gain, loss, and deduction in any manner it considers
appropriate to offset the effects of the special allocations on the Members’ Capital
Account balances. Any offsetting allocation required by this article is subject to and
must be consistent with the special allocations.

 4.3. Tax Allocations. For federal income tax purposes, unless the Code or

Regulations require otherwise, each item of the Company’s income, gain, loss, or
deduction will be allocated to the Members in proportion to their allocations of the
Company’s Profit or Loss.

   4.5. Substantial Economic Effect. The various provisions of this article are

intended and will be construed to ensure that the allocations of the Company’s income,
gain, losses, deductions, and credits have substantial economic effect under the
Regulations promulgated under Section 704(b) of the Code.

   10.4. Tax Matters Partner. The Members shall designate a Member to be the

“Tax Matters Partner” of the Company pursuant to Section 6231(a)(7) of the Code. The
Member so designated is authorized to take such actions as are permitted by Sections
6221 through 6233 of the Code. The initial Tax Matters Partner shall be -------------------.
The Tax Matters Partner may be removed by the Members at any time with or without
cause. A Member is eligible to serve as the Tax Matters Partner only if the Member (or,
if a revocable trust is a Member. the trustor of such trust) is then serving as a Manager,
or no Member is then serving as a Manager. The Tax Matters Partner will inform the
Members of all administrative and judicial proceedings pertaining to the determination of
the Company’s tax items and will provide the Members with copies of all notices
received from the Internal Revenue Service regarding the commencement of a
Company-level audit or a proposed adjustment of any of the Company’s tax items. The
Tax Matters Partner may extend the statute of limitations for assessment of tax
deficiencies against the Members attributable to any adjustment of any tax item. The
Company will reimburse the Tax Matters Partner for reasonable expenses properly
incurred while acting within the scope of the Tax Matters Partner’s authority.

  11.3.3. Duties and Authority of Liquidator. The liquidator will make adequate

provision for the discharge of all of the Company’s debts. obligations, and liabilities
(including liabilities to Members who are creditors). The liquidator may sell, encumber,
or retain for distribution in kind any of the Company's assets. Any gain or loss
recognized on the sale of assets will be allocated to the Members’ Capital Accounts in
accordance with the provisions of Article 4.1. With respect to any asset the liquidator
determines to retain for distribution in kind, the liquidator will allocate to the Members·
PLR-120410-20 6

Capital Accounts the amount of gain or loss that would have been recognized had the
asset been sold at its fair market value.

   11.3.4. Final Distribution. The liquidator will distribute any assets remaining after

the discharge or accommodation of the Company’s debts, obligations. and liabilities to
the Members in proportion to their positive Capital Account balances. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, distributions made pursuant to this Article 11.3.4 shall in all cases take
into account any adjustments to the Capital Accounts of the Members required under
Article 3.7 and as otherwise may be required under any other provision of this
Agreement, the Code, or any guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service, as
determined by the Managers in their reasonable discretion, to ensure that any Member
holding Profits Interest Units (i) receives in respect of such Profits Interest Units only
amounts economically earned by the Company after receipt of such Profits Interest
Units by such Member, and (ii) does not in respect of such Profits Interest Units share in
any amount that would have been distributed by the Company if, immediately after the
receipt of such Profits Interest Units by such Member, the Company’s assets were sold
for their fair market values and the proceeds (net of any liabilities of the Company) were
then distributed in a complete liquidation of the Company. The liquidator will distribute
any assets distributable in kind to the Members in undivided interests as tenants in
common. A Member whose Capital Account is negative will have no liability to the
Company, the Company’s creditors, or any other Member with respect to the negative
balance.

   Company represents that Company and its shareholders have filed tax returns

consistent with Company having a valid S corporation election in effect as of Date 3.
Company and its shareholders represent that Company and its shareholders will file
amended returns for Years as needed to reflect units that vested in Years and as
necessary to reflect additional income and taxes resulting from the vesting of those
units. Company also represents that it will amend Agreement to provide for identical
rights to distribution and liquidation proceeds in accordance with § 1.1361-1(l).
Company further represents that the circumstances that led to the termination of its
S election were inadvertent and not motivated by tax avoidance. Company and each
person who has been a shareholder of it at any time on or after Date 3, through the date
of this request have consented to any adjustments as may be required by the Secretary.

  Company requests relief pursuant to § 1362(f) due to its governing provisions

creating more than one class of stock.

                             LAW AND ANALYSIS

   Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to

any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is
in effect for such year.

 Section 1361(b)(1) provides that for purposes of subchapter S, the term “small

business corporation” means a domestic corporation, which is not an ineligible
PLR-120410-20 7

corporation and does not have (A) more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a
shareholder a person (other than an estate, a trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an
organization described in subsection § 1361(c)(6)) who is not an individual, (C) have a
nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more than 1 class of stock.

  Section 1.1361-1(l)(1) provides, in part, that a corporation is generally treated as

having only one class of stock if all outstanding shares of stock of the corporation confer
identical rights to distribution and liquidation proceeds.

  Section 1.1361-1(l)(2)(i) provides that the determination of whether all

outstanding shares of stock confer identical rights to distribution and liquidation
proceeds is made based on the corporate charter, articles of incorporation, bylaws,
applicable state laws, and binding agreements relating to distribution and liquidation
proceeds (collectively, governing provisions).

 Section 1362(a)(1) provides that, except as provided in § 1362(g), a small

business corporation may elect, in accordance with the provisions of § 1362, to be an S
corporation.

  Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be

terminated whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for
which the corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small
business corporation.

   Section 1362(f) provides, in part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any

corporation (i) was not effective for the taxable year for which made (determined without
regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of § 1361(b), or
(ii) was terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3); (2) the Secretary determines that the
circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination were inadvertent; (3) no
later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances resulting in
such ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken so that the corporation for which
the election was made or the termination occurred is a small business corporation; and
(4) the corporation for which the election was made or the termination occurred, and
each person who was a shareholder of the corporation at any time during the period
specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agree to make the adjustments (consistent with the
treatment of the corporation as an S corporation as may be required by the Secretary
with respect to this period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in such
ineffectiveness or termination, the corporation shall be treated as an S corporation
during the period specified by the Secretary.

                                CONCLUSION

  Based on the facts submitted and representations made, we conclude that the

termination of Company’s S election as a result of Agreement creating a second class
of stock was inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f). Accordingly, under § 1362(f),
Company will be treated as an S corporation from Date 3, and thereafter, provided the S
PLR-120410-20 8

election for Company was otherwise valid on Date 3 and has not otherwise terminated
under § 1362(d).

  Except as specifically ruled above, we express or imply no opinion as to the

federal income tax consequences of the facts described above under any other
provision of the Code, including Company’s eligibility to be a valid S corporation.

  The ruling contained in this letter is based upon information and representations

submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the ruling request, it is subject to verification on examination.

  This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer who requested it. Section 6110(k)(3)

of the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent. Pursuant to the
power of attorney on file, a copy of this letter is being sent to Company’s authorized
representative.

                                 Sincerely,

                                 Associate Chief Counsel
                                 (Passthroughs & Special Industries)


                            By: __________________________________
                                Wendy Kribell
                                Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 3
                                Office of Associate Chief Counsel
                                (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2):
Copy of this letter
Copy of this letter for § 6110 purposes

cc: