Missed ESBT elections receive inadvertent-termination relief

Plain-English summary

After an S corporation shareholder died, shares passed through several trusts. Four successor trusts qualified as electing small business trusts, but their trustees did not timely file ESBT elections, technically terminating the corporation's S election on two dates. The corporation and shareholders consistently filed as though S and ESBT status continued, and the IRS found the failures inadvertent. It treated the corporation as continuing to be an S corporation, conditioned on two trusts filing ESBT elections and amended returns within 120 days and making a redacted adjustment payment within 45 days. Failure to satisfy the conditions voids the ruling.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: May the corporation receive inadvertent-termination relief after trustees failed to file timely ESBT elections?
• Outcome: Approved, subject to late elections, amended returns, and an adjustment payment.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361 and 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1(m)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202113002 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 4/2/2021 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Numbers: 1362.00-00, 1362.04-00
Person To Contact:
------------- ------------------------, ID No. -----------------
--------------------------------------------- Telephone Number:
------------------ --------------------
------------------------------ Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:B03
PLR-112334-20
Date:
December 14, 2020

LEGEND

X = -------------
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A = --------------------------------------

Trust1 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Trust2 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Trust3 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Trust4 = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Trust5 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Trust6 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PLR-112334-20 2

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Trust7 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Trust8 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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State = -------------

Date1 = ---------------------------

Date2 = -------------------

Date3 = -----------------------

Date4 = ------------------

Date5 = -------------------------

Date6 = -------

Date7 = -------

Date8 = ----------------

Date9 = ---------------------

Date10 = ----------------------------

N1 = ---

N2 = ---

N3 = ---

N4 = --

N5 = ---------
PLR-112334-20 3

Dear --------------:

   This letter responds to a letter dated May 18, 2020, and subsequent

correspondence, submitted on behalf of X by X’s authorized representative, requesting
a ruling under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code).

                                     FACTS

   The information submitted states that X, a State corporation, elected to be an S

corporation effective Date1. At the time of formation, A owned N1 shares of X. On
Date2, A transferred N1 shares of X to Trust1. On Date3, A transferred N2 shares of X
from Trust1 to Trust2. X represents that Trust1 and Trust2 were properly treated as
grantor trusts under §§ 671-678, and A was treated as owning the shares of X held by
Trust1 and Trust2, respectively.

    On Date4, A died. Under § 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii), Trust2 continued to be an eligible S

corporation shareholder for two years beginning on Date 4. On Date5, pursuant to the
terms of the trust agreement for Trust2, Trust2 was divided into two separate but equal
shares for the benefit of A’s surviving children, namely Trust3 and Trust4, and N3
shares of X were transferred to each trust. X represents that Trust3 and Trust4
qualified as Electing Small Business Trusts (ESBTs) under § 1361(e)(1)(A), but the
trustees of Trust3 and Trust4 failed to file elections under § 1361(e)(3) effective Date5.
Consequently, X’s S corporation election terminated on Date5. Nevertheless, X
represents that Trust3 and Trust4 filed consistently as ESBTs during taxable years
Date6 through Date7.

  On Date8, the shares of X held by Trust3 and Trust4 were transferred to Trust7

and Trust8, respectively. X represents that Trust7 and Trust8 qualify as ESBTs under
§ 1361(e)(1)(A) and filed late ESBT elections under § 1361(e)(3) effective Date8
pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2013-30, 2013-36 I.R.B. 173.

   As part of the administration of A’s estate, an election under § 645 was made to

treat Trust1 as part of A’s estate for federal tax purposes. Because Trust1 was treated
as part of A’s estate, Trust1 remained an eligible shareholder of X until Date9 under
§ 1361(b)(1)(B). On Date9, pursuant to the terms of the trust agreement for Trust1,
Trust1 was divided into two separate but equal shares for the benefit of A’s surviving
children, namely Trust5 and Trust6, and N4 shares of X were transferred to each trust.
X represents that Trust5 and Trust6 qualify as ESBTs under § 1361(e)(1)(A), but the
trustees of Trust5 and Trust6 failed to file ESBT elections under § 1361(e)(3) effective
Date9. Therefore, had X’s S corporation election not terminated on Date5, it would
have terminated on Date9.

   X represents that X and all of its shareholders have always filed tax returns

consistent with X being an S corporation. X further represents that the circumstances
PLR-112334-20 4

resulting in the termination of X’s S corporation election were inadvertent and were not
motivated by tax avoidance or retroactive tax planning. X and its shareholders have
agreed to make adjustments consistent with the treatment of X as an S corporation, and
the trusts as ESBTs, as may be required by the Secretary.

                              LAW AND ANALYSIS

    Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to

any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is
in effect for such year.

   Section 1361(b)(1) defines a “small business corporation” as a domestic

corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have more
than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a
trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not
an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more than
one class of stock.

 Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), an ESBT

may be an S corporation shareholder.

     Section 1361(e)(1)(A) provides that an ESBT means any trust if (i) such trust

does not have as a beneficiary any person other than (I) an individual, (II) an estate,
(III) an organization described in § 170(c)(2), (3), (4), or (5), or (IV) an organization
described in § 170(c)(1) which holds a contingent interest in such trust and is not a
potential current beneficiary, (ii) no interest in such trust was acquired by purchase, and
(iii) an election under § 1361(e) applies to such trust.

   Section 1361(e)(1)(B) provides that an ESBT does not include (i) any qualified

subchapter S trust (as defined in § 1361(d)(3)) if an election under § 1361(d)(2) applies
to any corporation the stock of which is held by such trust, (ii) any trust exempt from tax
under subtitle A, and (iii) any charitable remainder annuity trust or charitable remainder
unitrust (as defined in § 664(d)).

   Section 1361(e)(3) provides that an election under § 1361(e) shall be made by

the trustee. Any such election shall apply to the taxable year of the trust for which made
and all subsequent taxable years of such trust unless revoked with the consent of the
Secretary.

   Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(i) of the Income Tax Regulations provides that the

trustee of an ESBT must make the ESBT election by signing and filing, with the service
center where the S corporation files its income tax return, a statement that meets the
requirements of § 1.1361-1(m)(2)(ii).
PLR-112334-20 5

   Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(iii) provides that the trustee of an ESBT must file the

ESBT election within the time requirements prescribed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(iii) for filing a
QSST election (generally within the 16-day-and-2-month period beginning on the day
that the stock is transferred to the trust).

   Section 1362(d)(2) provides that (A) an election under § 1362(a) shall be

terminated whenever (at any time on or after the first day of the first taxable year for
which the corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small
business corporation; and (B) any termination under § 1362(d)(2) shall be effective on
and after the date of cessation.

   Section 1362(f) provides that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by a corporation

(A) was not effective for the taxable year for which made (determined without regard to
§ 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of § 1361(b) or to obtain
shareholder consents or (B) was terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3), (2) the Secretary
determines that the circumstances resulting in the ineffectiveness or termination were
inadvertent, (3) no later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the
circumstances resulting in the ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken (A) so
that the corporation for which the election was made or termination occurred is a small
business corporation or (B) to acquire the shareholder consents, and (4) the corporation
for which the election was made or termination occurred, and each person who was a
shareholder of the corporation at any time during the period specified pursuant to
§ 1362(f), agrees to make such adjustments (consistent with the treatment of the
corporation as an S corporation) as may be required by the Secretary with respect to
such period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in the ineffectiveness or
termination, the corporation will be treated as an S corporation during the period
specified by the Secretary.

                                  CONCLUSION

    Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude

that X’s S corporation election terminated on Date5 when the trustees of Trust3 and
Trust4 failed to make elections under § 1361(e)(3) to treat Trust3 and Trust4 as ESBTs
effective Date5. In addition, had X’s S corporation not terminated on Date5, it would
have terminated on Date9 when the trustees of Trust5 and Trust6 failed to make
elections under § 1361(e)(3) to treat Trust5 and Trust6 as ESBTs effective Date9. We
further conclude that the circumstances resulting in the termination of X’s S corporation
election were inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f). Therefore, pursuant to the
provisions of § 1362(f), X will be treated as continuing to be an S corporation from
Date5 and thereafter, provided that X’s S corporation election was valid and was not
otherwise terminated under § 1362(d) for reasons not addressed in this letter.

   This ruling is contingent on (1) the trustees of Trust5 and Trust6 filing within 120

days from the date of this letter ESBT elections effective Date9 on behalf of their
respective trusts with the appropriate service center and (2) Trust5 and Trust6 filing
PLR-112334-20 6

within 120 days from the date of this letter amended returns for taxable years Date10 to
properly reflect the treatment of Trust5 and Trust6 as ESBTs. A copy of this letter
should be attached to each ESBT election.

    Furthermore, as an adjustment under § 1362(f)(4), a payment of $N5 and a copy

of this letter must be sent within 45 days from the date of this letter to the following
address: Internal Revenue Service, Kansas City Submission Processing Campus, Attn:
Manual Deposit, 333 W. Pershing Road, Stop 7777, Kansas City, MO 64108.

    If the above conditions are not met, then this ruling is null and void. Furthermore,

if these conditions are not met, X must notify the service center with which it filed its S
corporation election that its election terminated on Date5.

   Except as specifically set forth above, we express or imply no opinion concerning

the federal tax consequences of the facts described above under any other provision of
the Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding X’s eligibility to be an
S corporation. In addition, we express or imply no opinion as to whether Trust3, Trust4,
Trust5, Trust6, Trust7 and Trust8 are eligible to elect to be treated as ESBTs.

   The ruling contained in this letter is based upon information and representations

submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the ruling request, it is subject to verification upon examination.

   This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer who requested it. Section 6110(k)(3)

of the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

  In accordance with the power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending

copies of this letter to X’s authorized representatives.

                                   Sincerely,



                                   Mary Beth Carchia
                                   Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 3
                                   Office of Associate Chief Counsel
                                   (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2)
Copy of this letter
Copy for § 6110 purposes

cc: