Private Letter Ruling
202107011
Released February 19, 2021
Approved
IRS approves corporate reorganizations and related cost-sharing treatment
Apply this to your situation
This page covers one taxpayer's ruling from 2021, which can't be cited as precedent. Ezel answers your situation under the current Code and IRS guidance, with citations.
Not precedent. Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3), this written determination may not be used or cited as precedent. It resolved one taxpayer's situation on its specific facts, and identifying details were redacted by the IRS before release. The official IRS release (linked on this page as a PDF) is the authoritative source.
About this page: The plain-English summary and ruling snapshot below were written by Ezel based on the official IRS release. The full text is the IRS's own document.
View official IRS release (PDF)
Plain-English summary
A publicly traded domestic parent completed a multi-step restructuring that moved intangible-property rights and reorganized domestic and foreign subsidiaries. The taxpayer asked whether two parts of the transaction could qualify as Type C and Type F reorganizations under IRC § 368 despite related asset contributions. The IRS ruled that the contributions and the Type F reorganization would not prevent the requested reorganization treatment. It also approved specified consolidated-return treatment for deemed § 367(d) payments, dividend treatment under § 245A, and consideration under the § 482 cost-sharing regulations. The rulings relied on extensive representations, and the IRS agreed to a closing agreement for certain issues affecting the taxpayer's liability.
Ruling snapshot
- Question: Would the restructuring qualify for the requested corporate reorganization, consolidated-return, dividend, and cost-sharing treatment?
- Outcome: Approved
- Key authorities: IRC §§ 245A, 367, 368, and 482; Treas. Reg. §§ 1.1502-13, 1.367(b)-3, 1.368-2, and 1.482-7
Full text (IRS public release)
Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224
Number: 202107011 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 2/19/2021 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 367.00-00, 368.00-00,
368.03-00, 368.06-00, Person To Contact:
482.00-00 --------------------------, ID No. ----------------
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-------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
---------------------------------------- CC:CORP:B05
PLR-122292-19
Date:
November 24, 2020
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Dear --------------------:
This letter responds to your authorized representative’s letter dated September 1, 2019,
requesting rulings on certain federal income tax consequences of a transaction (the
“Completed Transaction”). The material information submitted in that request and in
later correspondences is summarized below.
The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and representations
submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on examination.
This letter is issued pursuant to section 6.03(2) of Rev. Proc. 2019-1, 2019-1 I.R.B. 1,
regarding one or more significant issues under section 368. The rulings contained in this
letter related to section 368 only address one or more significant issues involved in the
transaction. This office expresses no opinion as to the overall tax consequences of the
transactions described in this letter or as to any issue not specifically addressed by the
rulings below.
SUMMARY OF FACTS
Corporate Structure and Background
Parent is a publicly traded domestic corporation and the common parent of a
consolidated group (the “Parent US Group”). Parent owns all of the stock of Sub1, a
domestic corporation that is a member of the Parent US Group.
Sub1 owns all of the interests in DE1, a domestic eligible entity (within the meaning of
Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-3(a)) that is disregarded as separate from its owner for federal
income tax purposes (a “disregarded entity”).
DE1 owns, directly and indirectly through a disregarded entity, all of the equity of Sub2,
a domestic eligible entity (within the meaning of Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-3(a)) that is
classified as a corporation for federal income tax purposes (an “eligible entity classified
as a corporation”). Sub2 is a member of the Parent US Group.
Sub2 owns all of the interests in DE2, a domestic disregarded entity.
DE2 owns all of the interests in FSub1, a foreign eligible entity classified as a
corporation.
FSub1 owns all of the interests in FDE1 and FDE3, each a foreign disregarded entity.
FSub1 and FDE1 together own all of the interests in FDE2, a foreign disregarded entity,
and FSub2, a foreign eligible entity classified as a corporation.
FSub2 is the holding company for certain intangible property rights and foreign
subsidiaries in Parent’s worldwide group (the “Parent Worldwide Group”). FSub2 also
holds a portfolio of investment assets (the “FSub2 Investment Assets”).
As a holding company, FSub2 owns all of the interests in FSub3, a foreign eligible entity
classified as a corporation, and in FDE4, FDE5, FDE6, and FDE7, each of which is a
foreign disregarded entity. FSub2 also owns all of the interests in the entities in Foreign
Subs Group 2 and Foreign Subs Group 3.
FDE4 owns all of the interests in various subsidiaries, including FSub4, a foreign eligible
entity classified as a corporation, and the entities in Foreign Subs Group 1.
FDE5 owns all of the interests in FSub5, a foreign eligible entity classified as a
corporation, and all of the interests in FDE8, a foreign disregarded entity.
FSub2 Intangible Properties
FSub2’s intangible properties include its rights under various agreements, including but
not limited to a cost sharing agreement, buy-in agreements, and platform contribution
license agreements. Certain of these agreements are described below.
Since Date 1, FSub2 and DE1 have been participants in a cost sharing arrangement
(the “Arrangement”), pursuant to which they share the costs and benefits of certain
intangible development activities for programs within the Business (the “R&D Activity”).
As part of this arrangement, the parties develop intangible property. The terms of this
arrangement are documented in a cost sharing agreement (the “Cost Sharing
Agreement”). Under that agreement, FSub2 has the following rights with respect to the
intangible property developed by it and DE1 (such rights, “FSub2’s Cost Shared
Intangibles”):
1. A non-exclusive and perpetual right to manufacture, produce, distribute, sell,
license, and otherwise use FSub2’s Cost Shared Intangibles in Territory A and
Territory B, and in further research and development of similar intangible
properties; and
2. The right to commercialize or monetize FSub2’s Cost Shared Intangibles, by
entering into revenue-producing contracts with customers located in Territory A
and Territory B.
FSub2 and DE1 share the intangible development costs (“IDCs”) that are directly
identified with, or reasonably allocable to, the R&D Activity in proportion to each party’s
share of reasonably anticipated benefits (“RAB shares”) resulting from use of the cost
shared intangible properties. These IDCs include, but are not limited to, the salaries and
fees of certain of FSub2’s and DE1’s employees and independent contractors. The
IDCs also include any stock-based compensation (as defined in Treas. Reg. § 1.482-7)
granted to such individuals after Date 2, to the extent that the stock-based
compensation is related to the R&D Activity.
FSub2 additionally has certain intangible property rights under various buy-in or
platform contribution license agreements (“FSub2’s Buy-In Intangibles,” and together
with FSub2’s Cost Shared Intangibles, the “FSub2 Intangibles”), in exchange for which
FSub2 made platform contribution transaction payments (“PCT payments”).
Aside from the FSub2 Intangibles, FSub2 also holds intangible property rights to
technologies developed by Sub3 and Sub4. FSub2 directly and indirectly acquired such
rights from DE1 in Year 1 and Year 2, at a time in which DE1 was a corporation for
federal income tax purposes. FSub2 directly acquired such rights for exploitation in
Territory A and Territory B (the “FSub2 Section 367(d) IP”). FSub2 indirectly acquired,
through FDE5 and FDE8, the rights for exploitation in Territory C (the “Other Section
367(d) IP”). Each acquisition occurred pursuant to a transaction subject to section
367(d). As a result, FSub2 was and is deemed to make a series of annual payments to
DE1 (when it was a corporation) and Sub1 (since the time DE1 became a disregarded
entity) over the useful life of each of the FSub2 Section 367(d) IP (each, a “Deemed
Payment”) and the Other Section 367(d) IP.
FSub2 has granted to FDE6 a non-exclusive license to use the FSub2 Intangibles and
FSub2 Section 367(d) IP in Territory A and Territory B (the “FDE6 Operating License”).
In turn, and as permitted under the FDE6 Operating License, FDE6 has sublicensed the
rights to use the FSub2 Intangibles and FSub2 Section 367(d) IP in Territory A to FDE5
(the “FDE5 Operating License”), and in Territory B to FDE7 (the “FDE7 Operating
License”).
Other Intangible Properties
In addition to FSub2, certain of the Parent Worldwide Group’s intangible property rights
are held by FDE2. These intangible properties consist of a patent portfolio that FDE2
acquired in a transaction that was subject to section 367(d), following the Parent
Worldwide Group’s acquisition of Sub5 in Year 2. FDE2 also holds intangible property
rights of FSub6, which the Parent Worldwide Group acquired in Year 3. FDE2 granted
to FSub2 and DE1 licenses for the use of these intangible properties, in each case in
exchange for the receipt of royalties over an a-year term beginning on Date 3.
COMPLETED TRANSACTION
In the Completed Transaction, the Parent Worldwide Group relocated substantially all of
its intangible properties related to the Business, including all of the FSub2 Intangibles
and the FSub2 Section 367(d) IP, to Country A, and consolidated the ownership of its
foreign subsidiaries under two foreign holding companies. The foreign holding
companies are located in jurisdictions where the Parent Worldwide Group had existing
regional management functions. Following the Completed Transaction, each foreign
holding company holds and oversees the operations of subsidiaries located within its
geographic region. The relevant steps of the Completed Transaction are set forth below.
1. Effective Date 4, DE2 formed Sub6, a domestic corporation.
2. Effective Date 5, FSub2 formed FSub7, a foreign eligible entity classified as a
corporation.
3. Effective Date 6, FSub1 formed FSub8, a foreign eligible entity classified as a
corporation.
4. Effective Date 7, FSub1 formed FSub9, a foreign eligible entity classified as a
corporation.
5. Effective Date 8, FSub3 distributed the FSub3 IP to FSub2.
6. Effective the same day but after Step 5, FSub2 distributed the FSub3 IP pro rata
to FSub1 and FDE1.
7. Effective the same day but after Step 6, FDE1 distributed its pro rata share of the
FSub3 IP to FSub1.
8. Effective the same day but after Step 7, FSub1 distributed the FSub3 IP to DE2.
9. Effective the same day but after Step 8, DE2 distributed the FSub3 IP to Sub2.
10. Effective the same day but after Step 9, Sub2 distributed the FSub3 IP to DE1.
11. Effective Date 9, FDE5 distributed all of the interests in FSub5 to FSub2.
12. Effective the same day, FDE2 filed an entity classification election under Treas.
Reg. § 301.7701-3 to be treated as a corporation (“FSub10”) for federal income
tax purposes.
13. Effective Date 10, FSub2 contributed all of the interests in FSub3 to FSub7.
14. Effective Date 11, FDE1 merged into FSub1.
15. Effective Date 12, FSub2 filed an entity classification election under Treas. Reg.
§ 301.7701-3 to be disregarded as an entity separate from FSub1 (thereafter,
“FDE9”) for federal income tax purposes (the “Conversion”).
16. Effective the same day but after Step 15, FDE4 sold all of its interests in FSub4
to FSub9 in exchange for a promissory note (the “Note”).
17. Effective the same day but after Step 16, FDE4 distributed all of its interests in
the entities in Foreign Subs Group 1 and the Note to FDE9.
18. Effective the same day but after Step 17, FDE9 distributed the FSub2
Intangibles, the FSub2 Section 367(d) IP, the Note, and all of its interests in
FSub7, FDE4, FDE5, and the entities in Foreign Subs Group 1, Foreign Subs
Group 2, and Foreign Subs Group 3, to FSub1. FDE9 also assigned its rights
and obligations as licensor under the FDE6 Operating License to FSub1.
19. Effective Date 13, FSub1 contributed the Note and all of the interests in the
entities in Foreign Subs Group 1 and Foreign Subs Group 2 to FSub9. Some of
the contributions occurred in exchange for shares of FSub9, and some of the
contributions occurred without any such exchange.
20. Effective the same day, FSub1 contributed all of the interests in FDE3, FDE4,
FDE5, and the entities in Foreign Subs Group 3 to FSub8. The contribution of
FDE3 occurred in exchange for shares of FSub8, and the contribution of FDE4,
FDE5, and the entities in Foreign Subs Group 3 occurred without any such
exchange.
21. Effective Date 14, FDE9 distributed the FSub2 Investment Assets (other than
certain derivative assets) to FSub1.
22. Effective Date 15, FSub1 contributed all of the interests in FDE9 to FSub9 in
exchange for FSub9 shares (together with the contributions in Step 19 and Step
20, the “Asset Contributions”). The historic assets of FSub2 that FSub1
contributes to FSub8 and FSub9 in the Asset Contributions together are referred
to as the “Reincorporated Assets.” The historic assets of FSub2 that FSub1
retains (i.e., FSub7, the FSub2 Intangibles, the FSub2 Section 367(d) IP, and the
FSub2 Investment Assets other than certain derivative assets) together are
referred to as the “Retained Assets”.
23. Effective Date 16, FSub1 formed DE3, a domestic disregarded entity.
24. Effective Date 17, DE2 contributed all of the interests in FSub1 to Sub6 in
exchange for Sub6 shares (the “Contribution”).
25. Effective Date 18, FSub1 contributed to DE3 its rights to use the FSub2
Intangibles in Country B. DE3 granted to FSub1 an operating license with respect
to the use of the FSub2 Intangibles in Country B.
26. Effective the same day but after Step 25, FSub1 merged into Sub6 (the “Merger”,
and together with the Contribution, the “Reorganization”). Thereafter, Sub6 holds
the FSub2 Section 367(d) IP (among other assets) as a member of the Parent
US Group.
27. Effective the same day and the same time as Step 26, Sub6 and FDE6
terminated the FDE6 Operating License, FDE6 and FDE5 terminated the FDE5
Operating License, and FDE6 and FDE7 terminated the FDE7 Operating
License.
28. Effective the same day and the same time as Step 26, DE1 and Sub6 entered
into a new operating license with FDE5 and a new operating license with FDE7.
REPRESENTATIONS
1. For federal income tax purposes, the Conversion is intended to be treated as a
transfer by FSub2 of substantially all of its assets to FSub1 solely in exchange for
FSub1 voting stock and FSub1’s assumption of FSub2’s liabilities, followed by
the distribution by FSub2 of the FSub1 voting stock to FSub1 in complete
liquidation (the “Intended Characterization”). Provided that the Conversion is
treated in accordance with the Intended Characterization, then except for the
issues of whether the qualification of the Reorganization as a reorganization
under section 368(a)(1)(F) or the Asset Contributions will prevent the Conversion
from qualifying as a reorganization under section 368(a)(1)(C), and to the best
knowledge and belief of Parent, the Conversion qualifies as a reorganization
under section 368(a)(1)(C).
2. Except for the issue of whether the Asset Contributions will prevent the
Reorganization from qualifying as a reorganization under section 368(a)(1)(F),
and to the best knowledge and belief of Parent, the Reorganization qualifies as a
reorganization under section 368(a)(1)(F).
3. Following the Reorganization, and for each of the Parent US Group’s
consolidated return years in the remaining useful life of the FSub2 Section 367(d)
IP, no member of the Parent US Group will:
a. Include the amount of any Deemed Payment in gross income;
b. Take any deduction for any Deemed Payment;
c. Make any adjustments to earnings and profits with respect to any Deemed
Payment;
d. Make any adjustments to stock basis with respect to any Deemed
Payment under Treas. Reg. § 1.1502-32 or Treas. Reg. § 1.367(d)-
1T(g)(1)(ii)(B); or
e. Make any other adjustments to any item of income, gain, deduction, or
loss with respect to any Deemed Payment, or otherwise take into account
any Deemed Payment for federal income tax purposes, in any manner
that is inconsistent with the treatment of such Deemed Payment as paid
between divisions of a single corporation.
4. Assuming the Conversion qualifies as a reorganization under section
368(a)(1)(C), no party to the reorganization received other property or money
within the meaning of sections 356 and 361.
5. Assuming the Reorganization qualifies as a reorganization under section
368(a)(1)(F), no party to the reorganization received other property or money
within the meaning of sections 356 and 361.
6. Prior to the Reorganization, the Parent US Group was reimbursed by the foreign
Arrangement participant(s) for any outstanding IDCs, including stock-based
compensation, in excess of those attributable to the Parent US Group’s RAB
share, that the Parent US Group incurred prior to the Reorganization.
7. Since Date 2, the Arrangement participants have included in IDCs all stock-
based compensation related to intangible development activity pursuant to the
Arrangement in accordance with the final Treasury regulations published in
Treasury Decision 9088 (August 25, 2003) and their successor regulations, and
the respective Arrangement participants have shared the costs of that stock-
based compensation in proportion to the Arrangement participants’ RAB shares.
8. Prior to the Reorganization, the Parent US Group was paid by the foreign
Arrangement participant(s) for any outstanding PCT payments owing under the
terms of the PCT agreements attributable to the foreign Arrangement
participant(s) right to platform contributions through the date of the
Reorganization. Following the Reorganization, Sub6 will pay the Parent US
Group any remaining payments owing under the terms of the PCT agreements
as they become due.
9. The Parent US Group will continue to recognize income inclusions in accordance
with section 367(d) and the regulations issued thereunder over the remaining
useful life, or upon disposition within the useful life, of any intangible property
which was subject to section 367(d) (other than the FSub2 Section 367(d) IP)).
10. FSub2 has not purchased assets from either related or unrelated persons in an
installment sale.
11. None of FSub2’s Buy-In Intangibles contributed to the Arrangement by the
Parent US Group prior to the Completed Transaction have used, in the case of a
PCT compensated through a royalty or installment payments, a ramp-up royalty
rate or ramp-up of installment payments.
12. Immediately prior to the Completed Transaction, FSub2 had the rights to exploit
certain property (within the meaning of section 367(d)(4)) associated with the
Business in Territory A and Territory B, including but not limited to rights to
exploit the technology, marketing, and user base property, as covered by the
Arrangement. As a result of the Completed Transaction, Sub6 and DE3 directly
hold all of the rights to the property that FSub2 held immediately prior to the
Completed Transaction, as referenced in the preceding sentence of this
representation, excluding the stock of foreign subsidiaries. Such excluded foreign
subsidiaries, other than FDE5, FDE7, and FDE8, do not have any rights to
exploit property (within the meaning of section 367(d)(4)). Each of FDE5 and
FDE7 holds an operating license to market and sell products, and to provide
services, in its respective territory. Each of FDE5 and FDE8 holds rights to use
certain intangible properties in Territory C.
13. As a result of the Completed Transaction, the rights to exploit the user base and
marketing intangibles associated with a technology platform in a territory are held
by the same legal entity that holds the rights to exploit the associated technology
platform in such territory. User base includes, but is not limited to, persons
accessing or using the technology platform, persons advertising on the
technology platform, and third-party developers using the technology platform to
allow persons to access their products. Marketing intangibles include, but are not
limited to, trademarks, tradenames, brands, goodwill and going concern value,
domain names, customer lists, registrations, copyrights, designs, and marketing
strategies.
RULINGS
Based solely on the information submitted and the representations above, we rule as
follows:
1. For federal income tax purposes, the Conversion will be treated as a transfer by
FSub2 of substantially all of its assets to FSub1 solely in exchange for FSub1
voting stock and FSub1’s assumption of FSub2’s liabilities, followed by the
distribution by FSub2 of the FSub1 voting stock to FSub1 in complete liquidation.
2. The Asset Contributions will not prevent the Conversion from qualifying as a
reorganization under section 368(a)(1)(C). Treas. Reg. § 1.368-2(k)(1).
3. The Asset Contributions will not prevent the Reorganization from qualifying as a
reorganization under section 368(a)(1)(F). Treas. Reg. § 1.368-2(m)(3).
4. The qualification of the Reorganization as a reorganization under section
368(a)(1)(F) will not prevent the Conversion from qualifying as a reorganization
under section 368(a)(1)(C). Treas. Reg. § 1.368-2(m)(3)(ii).
5. Each Deemed Payment received following the Reorganization is redetermined to
be excluded from gross income under Treas. Reg. § 1.1502-13(c)(6)(ii)(D).
Accordingly, the Deemed Payment is redetermined to be excluded from Sub1’s
gross income for each of the Parent US Group’s consolidated return years for the
remaining useful life of the FSub2 Section 367(d) IP.
6. For purposes of determining the effect of the Deemed Payments, under Treas.
Reg. § 1.1502-13(c)(1):
a. Sub1’s intercompany item from the deemed receipt of the Deemed
Payment will not be: (i) taxable income, (ii) tax exempt income, or (iii) a
distribution with respect to stock, within the meaning of Treas. Reg.
§ 1.1502-32(b)(2); or taken into account for purposes of earnings and
profits under Treas. Reg. § 1.1502-33;
b. Sub6’s corresponding item from the deemed payment of the Deemed
Payment will not be: a non-capital, non-deductible amount, within the
meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.1502-32(b)(2); or taken into account for
purposes of earnings and profits under Treas. Reg. § 1.1502-33; and
c. The Deemed Payment will not be subject to Treas. Reg. § 1.367(d)-
1T(g)(1).
7. The deemed dividend that Sub2 will be required to include in income pursuant to
Treas. Reg. § 1.367(b)-3(b)(3) in connection with the Reorganization is a
dividend for purposes of the dividends received deduction under section 245A(a).
8. Assuming the Conversion qualifies as a reorganization under section
368(a)(1)(C), the consideration provided or deemed to be provided by FSub1 as
described herein satisfies the requirements of Treas. Reg. § 1.482-7(f)(4) for
FSub1’s receipt of FSub2’s assets (which include the FSub2 Intangibles) in the
Conversion.
9. Assuming the Reorganization qualifies as a reorganization under section
368(a)(1)(F), the consideration provided or deemed to be provided by Sub6 as
described herein satisfies the requirements of Treas. Reg. § 1.482-7(f)(4) for
Sub6’s receipt of FSub1’s assets (which include the FSub2 Intangibles) in the
Reorganization.
10. Other than the payments described herein and payments required under Treas.
Reg. § 1.482-7(d)(3)(iii)(A)(4), and under the factual circumstances described
herein, Treas. Reg. § 1.482-7 does not require any additional payment for the
mere termination of the Arrangement.
CLOSING AGREEMENT
We will, accordingly, approve a closing agreement with the taxpayer with respect to
certain of those issues affecting its tax liability on the basis set forth above. The
necessary closing agreement for Parent has been prepared in triplicate and is enclosed.
In pursuance of our practice with respect to such agreements, the agreement contains a
stipulation to the effect that any change or modification of applicable statutes enacted
subsequent to the date of this agreement and made applicable to the taxable period
involved will render the agreement ineffective to the extent that it is dependent upon
such statutes.
CAVEATS
Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced in
this letter under any provision of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and the
regulations thereunder, including, but not limited to, the arm’s length price required for
any transfers of property, resources, capabilities, or rights or the amount of the IDCs
required to be shared. Furthermore, no ruling or determination has been made
concerning whether the Completed Transaction constitutes a sale or other disposition
for purposes of section 453 installment reporting. No opinion is expressed or implied
with respect to the appropriate amount of any income inclusions under section 367(d)
(other than the excluded Deemed Payments) or with respect to the remaining useful life
of property giving rise to such inclusions.
This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.
In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to your authorized representative.
Sincerely,
_______________________
Lisa Fuller
Deputy Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate)
Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate)
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