Tax-free split-up of a family S corporation into four sibling-owned companies

Plain-English summary

A family-owned S corporation is run by five siblings who disagree about how to manage the single business it operates. To go their separate ways, the company proposes to split the business into four segments, drop each segment into a newly formed corporation, and distribute one new corporation to each of four siblings in exchange for their stock, while the fifth sibling is bought out (redeemed) for cash and property. The company then liquidates. It asked the IRS to confirm the split qualifies as a tax-free corporate division. The IRS ruled the transaction is a "Type D" reorganization under Section 368(a)(1)(D) combined with a Section 355 distribution, so neither the company nor the four continuing siblings recognize gain or loss on the split, with the usual carryover basis and holding-period results. The redeemed sibling's buyout is treated as a complete termination of interest under Section 302, taxed as a sale of stock rather than a dividend. The IRS also confirmed the four new companies can each elect S corporation status for their first year despite the momentary ownership by the old company. As usual for these letters, the IRS did not rule on whether the split has a valid business purpose, is not a disguised dividend "device," or is safe from the anti-abuse rules of Section 355(e).

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Does splitting the S corporation's single business into four sibling-owned corporations (plus a cash-and-property buyout of the fifth sibling) qualify for tax-free treatment?
• Outcome: approved
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 355, 368(a)(1)(D), 361, 357, 1032, 362, 358; IRC § 302(b)(3); IRC § 311(b); Rev. Proc. 2017-52

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202033003 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 8/14/2020 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 355.00-00, 355.01-02,
368.00-00, 368.04-00 Person To Contact:
--------------------, ID No. -----------------
----------------------- Telephone Number:
------------- --------------------
----------------------------- Refer Reply To:
----------------------- CC:CORP:B02
------------------------------------ PLR-124160-19
Date:
April 14, 2020

Legend

Distributing = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Shareholder L = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Shareholder = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M -----------------------

Shareholder = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N ------------------------

Shareholder = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
O ------------------------

Shareholder P = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

a = -----------

b = -----------

c = -----------

d = -----------
PLR-124160-19 2

e = -----------

f = -----------

g = -----------

h = -----------

i = -------------

j = -----------

State A = -------------

Business A = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Controlled 1 = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assets ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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--------------

Controlled 2 = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assets ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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----------------------------

Controlled 3 = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assets ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------

Controlled 4 = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assets ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Segment 1 of = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business A -----------------------------------------------

Segment 2 of = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business A -----------------------------------------------
PLR-124160-19 3

Segment 3 of = -------------------------------
Business A

Segment 4 of = -------------------------------
Business A

Dear ------------------:

This letter responds to your October 4, 2019, request submitted by your authorized
representative, requesting rulings on certain federal income tax consequences of a
proposed transaction (defined below, the “Proposed Transaction”). The information
provided in that request and in later correspondence is summarized below.

This letter is issued pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2017-52, 2017-42 I.R.B. 283, regarding one
or more “Covered Transactions” under section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code (the
“Code”). This Office expresses no opinion as to any issue not specifically addressed by
the rulings below.

The rulings contained in this letter are based on facts and representations submitted by
the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed by an
appropriate party. This office has not verified any of the material submitted in support of
the request for rulings. Verification of the information, representations, and other data
may be required as part of the audit process.

This office has made no determination regarding whether any of the Distributions (as
defined below): (i) satisfies the business purpose requirement of Treas. Reg. § 1.355-
2(b); (ii) is used principally as a device for the distribution of the earnings and profits of
the distributing corporation or the controlled corporation or both (see section
355(a)(1)(B) and § 1.355-2(d)); or (iii) is part of a plan (or a series of related
transactions) pursuant to which one or more persons will acquire directly or indirectly
stock representing a 50-percent or greater interest in the distributing corporation or the
controlled corporation, or any predecessor or successor of the distributing corporation
or the controlled corporation, within the meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.355-8 (see section
355(e)(2)(A)(ii) and § 1.355-7).

                                   Summary of Facts

Distributing is a State A corporation that was formed on Date 1 and made an election
under § 1362(a) to be an S corporation effective as of one day after Date 1. Distributing
has a single class of common stock that is owned as follows: Shareholder L,
Shareholder M, and Shareholder P each own a%; Shareholder N owns b%; and
Shareholder O owns c%. Collectively, Shareholder L, Shareholder M, Shareholder N,
Shareholder O, and Shareholder P are referred to as the “Shareholders.”
PLR-124160-19 4

The Shareholders are siblings. Shareholder M is the President of Distributing. The
Shareholders are all members of the board of directors of Distributing and there are no
other board members. Shareholder L, Shareholder M, and Shareholder P manage
Distributing.

Distributing is a calendar year taxpayer and uses the cash method of accounting.
Distributing is directly engaged in Business A. The financial information submitted by
Distributing indicates that Distributing has had gross receipts and operating expenses
representing the active conduct of a trade or business for each of the past five years.

                             Proposed Transaction

The Shareholders have significant differences of opinion as to the management and
operation of Business A and desire to split the assets and operate separate portions of
Business A independently. Therefore, Distributing proposes to engage in the following
transaction (the “Proposed Transaction”):

(i) In order to equalize the value of the stock of the new Controlled entities to be
formed, Shareholder N and Shareholder O will contribute cash to Distributing
in exchange for additional stock in Distributing (the “Share Equalizations”).
Shareholder N will contribute $d to Distributing. Shareholder O will contribute
$e to Distributing. Following the Share Equalizations, the stock of Distributing
will be owned as follows: Shareholder L, Shareholder M, and Shareholder P
will each own f%; Shareholder N will own g%; and Shareholder O will own
h%. The above contributions and changes to Shareholder ownership are
approximate and will be finally determined at the time of the Contributions and
Distributions.

(ii) Distributing will distribute $i and other property with a value of $j to
Shareholder P in exchange for all of Shareholder P’s Distributing stock (the
“Redemption”).

(iii) Distributing will form Controlled 1, Controlled 2, Controlled 3, and Controlled 4
as a State A corporation (each, a “Controlled”). Each Controlled will have
outstanding one class of voting common stock .

(iv) Distributing will transfer the Controlled 1 Assets, which include assets used to
conduct Segment 1 of Business A, to Controlled 1 in exchange for the
Controlled 1 stock and the assumption by Controlled 1 of the liabilities
associated with the transferred assets (“Contribution 1”).

(v) Distributing will transfer the Controlled 2 Assets, which include assets used to
conduct Segment 2 of Business A, to Controlled 2 in exchange for the
Controlled 2 stock and the assumption by Controlled 2 of the liabilities
associated with the transferred assets (“Contribution 2”).
PLR-124160-19 5

(vi) Distributing will transfer the Controlled 3 Assets, which include assets used to
conduct Segment 3 of Business A, to Controlled 3 in exchange for the
Controlled 3 stock and the assumption by Controlled 3 of the liabilities
associated with the transferred assets (“Contribution 3”).

(vii) Distributing will transfer the Controlled 4 Assets, which include assets used to
conduct Segment 4 of Business A, to Controlled 4 in exchange for the
Controlled 4 stock and the assumption by Controlled 4 of the liabilities
associated with the transferred assets (“Contribution 4”).
Contribution1, Contribution 2, Contribution 3, and Contribution 4, each a
“Contribution”, and collectively, the “Contributions”).

(viii) Distributing will distribute, Controlled 1 stock to Shareholder L in exchange for
all of Shareholder L’s stock in Distributing (“Distribution 1”), Controlled 2 stock
to Shareholder M in exchange for all of Shareholder M’s stock in Distributing
(“Distribution 2), Controlled 3 stock to Shareholder N in exchange for all of
Shareholder N’s stock in Distributing (“Distribution 3”), and Controlled 4 stock
to Shareholder O in exchange for all of Shareholder O’s stock in Distributing
(“Distribution 4”). (Distribution 1, Distribution 2, Distribution 3, and Distribution
4, are each a Distribution, and collectively, the “Distributions”).

(ix) Distributing will be liquidated as part of the reorganization.

(x) Immediately after the Distributions, Controlled 1, Controlled 2, Controlled 3,
and Controlled 4 will each make an election under § 1362(a) to be treated as
a subchapter S corporation (within the meaning of section 1361(a)) and will
have one class of voting stock outstanding.

                                    Representations

With respect to each Contribution and Distribution, Distributing has made all of the
representations in section 3 of the Appendix to Rev. Proc. 2017-52, except as set forth
below:

(1) Distributing has made the following alternative representations set forth in section
3 of the Appendix to Rev. Proc. 2017-52:

      Representations 3(a); 8(a); 11(a); 15(a); 22(a); 31(a); 41(b).

(2) Distributing has not made the following representations, which do not apply to the
Proposed Transaction:

      Representations 4; 5; 6; 19; 20; 25; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40.

PLR-124160-19 6

(3) Distributing makes no modified representations other than to the extent
necessary to take into account the definitions in section 2.02 and 2.11 of the
Appendix to Rev. Proc. 2017-52.

Distributing makes the following additional representations with respect to the
Redemption:

1. There are no outstanding options or warrants to purchase Distributing stock, nor
   are there any outstanding debentures or other obligations that are convertible
   into Distributing stock or would be considered Distributing stock.

2. No notes or other obligations of Distributing will be distributed to Shareholder P.

3. No Distributing shareholder has been or will be obligated to purchase any of the
   redeemed stock.

4. The Redemption is part of the Proposed Transaction.

5. There have been no redemptions, issuances, or exchanges by Distributing of its
   stock in the past 5 years.

6. Except as described in the Proposed Transaction, Distributing has no plan or
   intention to issue, redeem, or exchange additional share of its stock.

7. Shareholder P is not related, within the meaning of section 318, to any remaining
   Distributing shareholder.

8. None of the stock to be redeemed was acquired by Shareholder P within the 10-
   year period preceding the redemption from a person whose stock would be
   attributed under section 318(a) to Shareholder P at the time of redemption.

9. After the Redemption, Shareholder P will not have any interest in Distributing,
   including an interest as officer, director, or employee. Shareholder P will not be a
   creditor as described in section 1.302-4(d) and will not have constructive
   ownership under section 318(a)(1).

10. At the time of the exchange, the fair market value of the consideration to be
    received by Shareholder P will be approximately equal to the fair market value of
    the Distributing stock to be exchanged.

11. The price to be paid for the redeemed Distributing stock will not result in a loss
    with respect to those shares.
    PLR-124160-19 7

12. There are no declared but unpaid dividends, or funds set apart for dividends, on
    any of the stock to be redeemed in the Redemption.

                                      Rulings
    

Based solely on the information and representation submitted, we rule as follows on the
Redemption:

(1) Distributing will recognize gain, if any, with respect to the property distributed by
Distributing to effect the Redemption (§ 311(b)(1)).

(2) The Redemption will be treated as a complete termination of Shareholder P’s
interest in Distributing within the meaning of section 302(b)(3). The amount
distributed in the Redemption will be treated as a distribution in full payment in
exchange for stock surrendered as provided in section 302(a).

Based solely on the information and representations submitted, we rule as follows on
each Contribution and Distribution:

(3) Each Contribution, together with its respective Distribution, followed by the
liquidation of Distributing will qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of
§ 368(a)(1)(D). Distributing, Controlled 1, Controlled 2, Controlled 3, and
Controlled 4 each will be a “party to a reorganization” within the meaning of
§ 368(b).

(4) Distributing will not recognize gain or loss on the Contributions. §§ 361(a) and
357(a).

(5) Neither Controlled 1, Controlled2, Controlled 3 nor Controlled 4 will recognize
gain or loss on its respective Contribution. § 1032(a).

(6) The basis in each asset received from Distributing by each Controlled in its
respective Contribution will equal the basis of that asset in the hands of
Distributing immediately before the Contribution. § 362(b).

(7) Each Controlled’s holding period in each asset received from Distributing in the
respective Contribution will include the period during which Distributing held that
asset. § 1223(2).

(8) Distributing will not recognize any gain or loss on the Distributions. § 361(c)(1).

(9) Shareholder L, Shareholder M, Shareholder N, and Shareholder O will not
recognize gain or loss (and no amount will be otherwise included in income)
upon the receipt of their respective Controlled stock. § 355(a)(1).
PLR-124160-19 8

(10) The aggregate basis of the Controlled stock received by each Shareholder
immediately after its respective Distribution will equal the Shareholder’s
aggregate basis in the Distributing stock surrendered in the Distribution, allocated
in the manner described in § 1.358-2. § 358(a) and (b).

(11) The holding period of the Controlled stock received by each Shareholder
will include the holding period of the Distributing stock with respect to which the
Distribution is made, provided that the Distributing stock is held as a capital asset
on the date of the Distribution. § 1223(1).

(12) Earnings and profits, if any, will be allocated between each Controlled in
accordance with § 312(h) and Treas. Reg. § 1.312-10(a).

(13) Distributing’s accumulated adjustment account immediately before the
transaction will be allocated between each Controlled in a manner similar to the
manner in which earnings and profits are allocated under § 312(h) in accordance
with Treas. Reg. § 1.1368-2(d)(3) (§§ 1.312-10(a) and 1.1368-2(d)(3)).

(14) Provided that Distribution 1, Distribution 2, Distribution 3, and Distribution
4 are undertaken immediately after Contribution 1, Contribution 2, Contribution 3,
and Contribution 4, Distributing’s momentary ownership of the stock of Controlled
1, Controlled 2, Controlled 3, and Controlled 4, as part of the reorganization
under section 368(a)(1)(D), will not cause Controlled 1, Controlled 2, Controlled
3, or Controlled 4 to have an ineligible shareholder for any portion of their
respective first taxable year under section 1361(b)(1)(B) and will not, in itself,
render Controlled 1, Controlled 2, Controlled 3, or Controlled 4 ineligible to elect
to be a subchapter S corporation for its respective first taxable year.

                                     Caveats

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax treatment of the Proposed Transaction under any provision of the Code and
regulations or the tax treatment of any condition existing at the time of, or effects
resulting from, the Proposed Transaction that are not specifically addressed by this
letter. In particular, no opinion is expressed regarding:

(i) Whether any Distribution satisfies the business purpose requirement of
§ 1.355-2(b);

(ii) Whether any Distribution is used principally as a device for the distribution of
earnings and profits of Distributing or Controlled or both;

(iii) Whether any Distribution and an acquisition or acquisitions are part of a plan
(or a series of related transactions) under § 355(e)(2)(A)(ii);
PLR-124160-19 9

  (iv)   Whether any Distributing is a valid S Corporation; and

  (v)    Whether any Controlled is otherwise eligible to be an S Corporation.

                                Procedural Matters

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is relevant.
Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this requirement by
attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control number (PLR-
124160-19) of this letter ruling.

In accordance with the power of attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to your authorized representative.

                                    Sincerely,



                                    Richard K. Passales
                                    Senior Counsel (Branch 4)
                                    Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate)

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