IRS lets an investment partnership aggregate its nonoperating mineral royalty interests for depletion

Plain-English summary

A U.S. investment partnership owns mineral royalty interests, spread across several tracts of land, that entitle it to royalties on production but do not require it to bear any exploration, development, or production costs (these are "nonoperating" interests). To claim depletion deductions, the tax law normally treats each separate mineral interest in each separate parcel as its own "property," which can be administratively burdensome. Section 614(e) lets a taxpayer ask the IRS for permission to combine (aggregate) two or more separate nonoperating interests in adjacent or nearby tracts and treat them as a single property, so long as tax avoidance is not a principal purpose of the aggregation. Here the partnership wanted to aggregate its interests at each property to compute cost depletion, explaining that reserve information was not available property-by-property and that aggregation would reduce administrative burden and align its tax and financial accounting. It represented that avoidance was not a principal purpose, noting that its royalty interests would not generate additional percentage depletion and that cost depletion is capped at basis regardless. Based on the maps, descriptions, and representations, the IRS granted permission to treat each aggregation as one property, conditioned on each royalty interest actually qualifying as an "economic interest" under section 611. The election, once granted, binds the taxpayer for future years unless the IRS consents to a change.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: May the taxpayer aggregate its separate nonoperating mineral (royalty) interests at each property and treat each aggregation as one property under § 614(e)?
• Outcome: Approved (consent granted, conditioned on each royalty interest qualifying as an economic interest under § 611)
• Key authorities: IRC § 614(e); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.614-5(d), (e), (g), 1.614-1, 1.614-2; IRC §§ 611, 612, 613

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201852017 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 12/28/2018 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 614.04-00
Person To Contact:
---------------- --------------------, ID No. ----------------
------------------------------------------ Telephone Number:
----------------------------------------------- ----------------------
-------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
---------------------------------- CC:PSI:B06
PLR-121994-18
Date: October 2, 2018

In Re: Request to aggregate nonoperating
mineral interests

LEGEND

Taxpayer = ------------------------------------------------------------------
Corporation = -------------------------------------------
Date 1 = --------------------
Date 2 = -----------------------
Date 3 = ------------------------
State = --------------
Location = -----------------------
a = ----------------------------------------
b = ----------------------------------------
c = ----------------------------------------
d = -------------------------
A = -------
B = ------------
e = -------------------------
f = -------------------
g = ----------------
h = -------------------------

Dear -----------------:

This letter replies to a letter, dated Date 1, and supplemented Date 2 in which Taxpayer
requests permission to form aggregations of separate nonoperating mineral interests
under § 614(e) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code) and § 1.614-5(d) of the Income

PLR-121994-18 2

Tax Regulations (Regulations). The request is submitted in respect of nonoperating
mineral interests held in Location.

   The facts and representations submitted are summarized as follows:

   Taxpayer is a U.S. partnership incorporated pursuant to the laws of State.

  Taxpayer is an investment company organized primarily for the object and

purpose of making investments and assets of all types. Taxpayer is a calendar year
taxpayer and utilizes the accrual method of accounting and prepares its financial
statements using the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

   The mineral interests that are the subject of the request are located in the

following areas:

1. a
2. b
3. c

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the properties listed in this letter consist of
mineral royalty interests, and each property has both currently producing and currently
nonproducing portions. Taxpayer acquired the mineral royalty interests in respect of
each of these properties via a lease with Corporation beginning Date 3.

 Taxpayer paid d in consideration in exchange for Corporation granting Taxpayer an

irrevocable royalty on certain lands based on the sale of A that has been derived from
the B extracted from the leased lands. Corporation acts as the developer, producer,
and marketer of B. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, crude B is a form of crude oil.
It is refined into A, which is B diluted into A, which can then be transported to refineries
and further refined into heavy crude oil. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, A is a
form of crude oil. As of Date 3, Taxpayer and Corporation agreed that the United
Stated Dollar equivalent of d was e (the parties assumed an exchange rate of f to g).

Each mineral royalty interest held by Taxpayer will be referred to hereinafter as a

"royalty interest." These royalty interests afford Taxpayer the right to mineral royalties.
Taxpayer does not bear the costs of exploration, development, or production on the
properties. Per the royalty agreement, the royalties Corporation agreed to pay to
Taxpayer are unrelated to and unaffected by the costs of production. Each of the
properties at which the royalty interests are located is operated by companies unrelated
to Taxpayer. Furthermore, the interests are located in tracts of land that are either
contiguous, touching at one point (checker-board pattern of ownership), or reasonably
close in proximity to each other. Taxpayer submitted tract descriptions and a map or
maps for each property that shows the total area circumscribed by each aggregation of
nonoperating interests requested by Taxpayer. Taxpayer considers these interests to be

PLR-121994-18 3

nonoperating mineral interests and has represented that these interests are
nonoperating mineral interests.

Taxpayer notes that each of the properties is currently producing or is expected to
be producing in the near future on at least some portion of the property; however, the
royalty interests acquired by Taxpayer do not provide any royalties on production.
Taxpayer has claimed cost depletion in respect of the royalty payments received from
the Corporation and has not claimed percentage depletion deductions in respect of any
properties.

The request seeks the aggregation of the nonoperating mineral interests held at

each of the properties, each treated as one property for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, to enable Taxpayer to compute its cost depletion deduction in accordance
with §§ 611 and 612 of the Code and § 1.611-2 of the Regulations. Aggregation of the
royalty interests at the properties is necessary to compute cost depletion because
reserve information is not available to Taxpayer on a separate property-by-property
basis. The adjusted basis for the aggregated property that will be used to calculate
Taxpayer's cost depletion will be the cost allocated to the leases with current
production. Taxpayer's adjusted basis in the royalty contract is equal to the allocated
portion of consideration paid to Corporation, h. Granting permission to aggregate
nonoperating mineral interests at each of the properties will reduce administrative
burden in calculating depletion and allows Taxpayer to implement consistent treatment
for financial accounting and U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Taxpayer represents that a principal purpose of submitted the request for the

aggregation of royalty interests held at each property is not the avoidance of tax.
Taxpayer makes this representation for two reasons. First, the interests subject to this
ruling do not bear the costs of exploration, development, or production at the properties.
Therefore, it is highly likely that the percentage depletion deduction for each interest
would be subject to the taxable income limitation contained in § 1.613-5 of the
Regulations, as only general and administrative costs plus any severance and ad
valorem taxes will be allocated to each interest for the purpose of computing the taxable
income limitation. Aggregating the interests at each property is not expected to alter
this result, so that no additional percentage depletion deductions are expected to be
allowed if permission to aggregate is granted. Second, aggregating the interests at
each property will not alter the total amount of cost depletion deductions allowed at
each property over its life, as the total cost depletion deductions allowed for a property
cannot exceed the depletable tax basis allocated to the interest at that property.
Accordingly, no cost depletion deductions in excess of those to which Taxpayer is
entitled are expected at each property.

PLR-121994-18 4

                                  Law and Analysis

   In the case of mines, wells, and other natural deposits, § 614(a) of the Code and

§ 1.614-1(a)(1) of the Regulations define the term "property" to mean each separate
interest owned by the taxpayer in each mineral deposit in each separate tract of parcel
of land.

   Section 1.614-1(a)(2) of the Regulations defines the term "interest" as an

economic interest in a mineral deposit. It includes working interests or operating
interests, royalties, overriding royalties, net profits interests, and, to the extent not
treated as loans under § 636 of the Code, production payments.

   Section 614(e) of the Code provides that if a taxpayer owns two or more

separate nonoperating mineral interests in a single tract or parcel of land or in two or
more adjacent tracts or parcels of land, the Secretary shall, on a showing by the
taxpayer that a principal purpose of forming the aggregation is not the avoidance of tax,
permit the taxpayer to treat all such interests as one property for all subsequent taxable
years unless the Secretary consents to a different treatment.

   Section 614(e)(2) of the Code and § 1.614-5(g) of the Regulations define the

term "nonoperating mineral interests" to include only interests described in § 614(a) that
are not operating mineral interests within the meaning of § 1.614-2 of the Regulations.

   Section 1.614-2(b) of the Regulations defines the term "operating mineral

interest" to mean a separate mineral interest as described in § 614 of the Code, in
respect of with the costs of production are required to be taken into account by the
taxpayer for purposes of computing the limitation of 50 percent of taxable income from
the property in determining the deduction for percentage depletion under § 613, or such
costs would be so required to be taken into account if the mine, well, or other natural
deposit were in the production stage. The term does not include royalty interests or
similar interests, such as production payments or net profits interests.

    Section 1.614-5(d) of the Regulations provides that upon proper showing to the

Commissioner, a taxpayer who owns two or more separate nonoperating mineral
interest in a single tract or parcel of land, or in two or more adjacent tracts or parcels of
land, shall be permitted, under § 614(e) of the Code, to form an aggregation of all such
interests in each separate kind of mineral deposit and treat such aggregation as one
property. Permission shall be granted by the Commissioner only if the taxpayer
establishes that a principal purpose in forming the aggregation is not the avoidance of
tax. The fact that the aggregation of nonoperating mineral interests will result in a
substantial reduction in tax is evidence that the avoidance of tax is a principal purpose
of the taxpayer. An aggregation formed under § 1.614-5(d) shall be considered as one
property for all purposes of the Internal Revenue Code. In no event may nonoperating
interests in tracts or parcels of land that are not adjacent be aggregated and treated as

PLR-121994-18 5

one property. The term "two or more adjacent tracts or parcels of land" means tracts or
parcels of land that are in reasonably close proximity to each other depending on the
facts and circumstances of each case. Adjacent tracts or parcels of land do not
necessarily have any common boundaries, and may be separated by intervening
mineral rights.

   Section 1.614-5(e)(1) of the Regulations provides that an application for

permission to aggregate separate nonoperating interests under § 614(e) of the Code
and § 1.614-5(d) must be made in writing to the Commissioner and must be filed within
90 days after the beginning of the first taxable year beginning after December 31, 1957,
for which aggregation is desired or within 90 days after the acquisition of one of the
nonoperating mineral interests that is to be included in the aggregation, whichever is
later.

    Section 1.614-5(e)(4) of the Regulations provides that the application for

permission to aggregate nonoperating mineral interests under § 614(e) of the Code and
§ 1.614-5(d) shall include a complete statement of the facts upon which the taxpayer
relies to show that the avoidance of tax is not a principal purpose of forming the
aggregation. Such application shall also include a description of the nonoperating
mineral interests within the tract or tracts of land involved. A general description,
accompanied by maps appropriately marked, which accurately circumscribes the scope
of the mineral interests in a particular kind of mineral deposit within the tract or tracts of
land involved will be sufficient. If the Commissioner grants permission, a copy of the
letter granting permission shall be attached to the taxpayer's return for the first taxable
year for which such permission applies. If the taxpayer has already filed such return, a
copy of the letter of permission shall be filed with the district director for the district in
which such return was filed and shall be accompanied by an amended return or returns
if necessary or, if appropriate, a claim for credit or refund.

     Section 1.614-5(e)(5) of the Regulations provides that the election to aggregate

separate nonoperating mineral interests under § 614(e) of the Code and § 1.614-5(d) is
binding upon the taxpayer for the first taxable year for which the request is made and
for all subsequent taxable years unless consent to make a change is obtained from the
Commissioner.

   Therefore, to obtain permission, the taxpayer must:
   1) Apply for permission within 90 days after the beginning of the first taxable
      year for which aggregation is desired, or within 90 days after the acquisition of
      one of the properties to be included in the aggregation (§ 1.614-5(e)(1));
   2) Provide maps, descriptions of the nonoperating interests, and a complete
      statement of facts (§ 1.614-5(e)(4)); and
   3) Establish that a principal purpose for forming the aggregation is not tax
      avoidance. A substantial reduction in taxes is evidence that the avoidance of
      taxes is a principal purpose (§ 1.614-5(d) and § 1.614-5(e)).

PLR-121994-18 6

   Taxpayer represents that the interests owned at each of the properties are

"nonoperating mineral interests" as that term is defined in § 1.614-5(g) of the
Regulations, and that the royalty interests are interests that do not bear the costs of
exploration, development, or production. Taxpayer also represents that the interests at
each property are owned in two or more tracts of parcels of land that are "adjacent" or
"in reasonably close proximity to each other" as provided in § 1.614-5(d) of the
Regulations. Additionally, Taxpayer represents that the maps for each property
included in the ruling request demonstrate that the nonoperating interests at each
property are in reasonably close proximity to each other, as these interests are either
contiguous, touch at a corner, or are separated by intervening mineral rights but
included in a single operating mine.

   Finally, Taxpayer represents that the principal purpose of forming the requested

aggregation at each property is not tax avoidance. The purpose of forming the
requested aggregation is to reduce administrative burden in calculating depletion and
allow Taxpayer to implement consistent treatment for financial accounting and federal
income tax purposes.

   Based on the representations made and consideration of the descriptions and

maps submitted, we conclude that the requirements of § 614(e) and § 1.614-5 of the
Regulations have been met. Based solely on the facts and representations submitted,
we grant consent for Taxpayer to aggregate the separate nonoperating mineral interests
located at a, b, and c, such that each of the properties is treated as one property for
U.S. federal income tax purposes.

   Except as specifically set forth above, we neither express nor imply any opinion

concerning the federal income tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or
item discussed or referenced in this letter. Specifically, we neither express nor imply
any opinion concerning Taxpayer's calculation of depletion or whether Taxpayer's
interests in the properties are economic interests. This ruling is conditioned on each
royalty interest qualifying as an economic interest under § 611 of the Code before the
aggregation. General descriptions of the nonoperating interests accompanied by maps
are to be on file with the books and other records that are necessary for examination by
the Service.

  The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and

representations submitted by Taxpayer and accompanied by a penalties of perjury
statement executed by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the
material submitted in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on
examination.

PLR-121994-18 7

   In accordance with the power of attorney, we are sending copies of this letter to

Taxpayer's authorized representatives. We are also sending a copy of this letter to the
appropriate Industry Director, LB&I. A copy of this ruling must be attached to any
federal income tax return to which it is relevant. Alternatively, taxpayers filing their
returns electronically may satisfy this requirement by attaching a statement to their
return that provides the date and control number of the letter ruling.

                                 Sincerely,



                                 Peter C. Friedman
                                 Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 6
                                 Office of Associate Chief Counsel
                                 (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

CC: