Fishing-market organization denied agricultural exemption

Plain-English summary

An organization formed to preserve a commercial fishing fleet bought seafood from local fishermen above open-market prices and resold it to the public, both uncooked and as prepared meals. The IRS concluded that commercial fishing does not fall within the ordinary meaning of agriculture for IRC § 501(c)(5). It also found that reselling members' products was a direct business service that benefited those members rather than improving conditions, product quality, or occupational efficiency for an agricultural industry. The organization therefore did not qualify as an exempt agricultural organization. The proposed denial became final after no protest was filed.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Did buying members' fish above market price and reselling it qualify as an exempt agricultural activity under IRC § 501(c)(5)?
• Outcome: denied
• Key authorities: IRC § 501(c)(5); Treas. Reg. § 1.501(c)(5)-1; Rev. Rul. 66-105, Rev. Rul. 74-195, and Rev. Rul. 75-287

Full text (IRS public release)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
P.O. Box 2508
IRS Cincinnati, OH 45201
Date: April 27, 2017

Employer ID number:

Number: 201729021
Release Date: 7/21/2017 Contact person/ID number:

Contact telephone number:
Form you must file:

Tax years:

UIL: 501.05-01

Dear

This letter is our final determination that you don’t qualify for tax-exempt status under Section 501(c)(5) of the
Internal Revenue Code (the Code). Recently, we sent you a proposed adverse determination in response to your
application. The proposed adverse determination explained the facts, law, and basis for our conclusion, and it
gave you 30 days to file a protest. Because we didn’t receive a protest within the required 30 days, the proposed
determination is now final.

You must file federal income tax returns for the tax years listed at the top of this letter using the required form
(also listed at the top of this letter) within 30 days of this letter unless you request an extension of time to file.

We’ll make this final adverse determination letter and the proposed adverse determination letter available for
public inspection (as required under Section 6110 of the Code) after deleting certain identifying information.
Please read the enclosed Notice 437, Notice of Intention to Disclose, and review the two attached letters that
show our proposed deletions. If you disagree with our proposed deletions, follow the instructions in the Notice
437 on how to notify us. If you agree with our deletions, you don’t need to take any further action.

If you have questions about this letter, you can contact the person listed at the top of this letter. If you have
questions about your federal income tax status and responsibilities, call our customer service number at
1-800-829-1040 (TTY 1-800-829-4933 for deaf or hard of hearing) or customer service for businesses at
1-800-829-4933.

We sent a copy of this letter to your representative as indicated in your power of attorney.

This supersedes our letter dated March 17, 2017

Letter 4040 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47635Z

Sincerely,

Stephen A. Martin
Director, Exempt Organizations
Rulings and Agreements

Enclosures:

Notice 437

Redacted Letter 4034, Proposed Adverse Determination under IRC Section 501(a) Other Than 501(c)(3)
Redacted Letter 4040, Final Adverse Determination under IRC Section 501(a) Other Than 501(c)(3) - No
Protest

cc:

Letter 4040 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47635Z

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Cincinnati, OH 45201
Date: January 23, 2017

Employer ID number:

Contact person/ID number:
Contact telephone number:

Contact fax number:

Legend: UIL:

X = State 501.05-01
Y = Date
Z = Harbor

Dear

We considered your application for recognition of exemption from federal income tax under Section 501(a) of
the Internal Revenue Code (the Code). Based on the information provided, we determined that you don’t qualify
for exemption under Section 501(c)(5) of the Code. This letter explains the basis for our conclusion. Please
keep it for your records.

Issue:

Do you qualify for exemption under section 501(c)(5) of the Code? No, for the reasons stated below.

Facts:

You were formed in the State of X on date Y. Per your Articles of Incorporation, you were formed for the purpose of
ensuring a permanent presence of the commercial fishing fleet in city Z.

Your bylaws state that any berth holder in good standing at the state pier is a voting member. A berth holder is
defined in your bylaws as an individual owner of a fishing vessel or the principal agent of a corporation that owns a
fishing vessel.

According to the information you submitted, you purchase fish products from local fishermen at a price higher than
they would receive in the open market. You then sell products in a retail outlet in order to generate funds for the
purchase of fish products from local fishermen. Products are sold to the general public in two ways. In an uncooked
state, which you stated is no different than purchasing fish by the pound at a local seafood store or supermarket.

You also sell the product as a cooked lunch or dinner.

Letter 4034 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47628K

Law:

Section 501(c)(5) of the Code provides for the exemption from federal income tax of labor, agricultural, or
horticultural organizations.

Treasury Regulation § 1.501(c)(5)-1(a) describe organizations covered by Code section 501(c)(5) as labor,
agricultural, and horticultural organizations that have no net earnings inuring to the benefit of any member and have
as their object the betterment of the conditions of persons engaged in those pursuits, the improvement of the grade of
their products, and the development of a higher degree of efficiency in their respective occupations.

Rev. Rul. 66-105, 1966-1 C.B. 145, held that an organization composed of agricultural producers whose principal
activity is marketing livestock as an agent for its members does not qualify for exemption. The sale of members’
products with the return to them of the sale proceeds is neither an object nor an activity within the ambit of section
501 (c)( 5) of the Code. Therefore, the organization does not meet the requirements of Treas. Reg. § 1.501(c)(5)-1
and is not exempt under section 501(c)(5) of the Code.

Rev. Rul. 74-195, 1974-1 C.B. 135, held that a nonprofit organization formed to manage, graze and sell its members’
cattle did not of itself better the conditions of those engaged in agricultural pursuits, improve the grade of their
products, or develop a higher degree of efficiency in their operations within the meaning of section 501(c)(5) of the
Code. The principal purpose of the organization was to provide a direct business service for its members' economic
benefit. The organization was denied exemption under section 501(c)(5) of the Code.

Rev. Rul. 75-287; 1975-2 C.B. 211, held that a nonprofit organization, whose members are involved in the
commercial fishing industry, publishes a monthly newspaper of commercial fishing technical information and news
and that derives its income primarily from membership dues and sale of advertising does not qualify as an
agricultural organization under section 501(c)(5) of the Code. The scope of the term "agricultural" for purposes of
section 501 (c) (5) of the Code should be confined to its ordinary and commonly accepted meaning. Webster's Third
New International Dictionary (3rd ed. 1961) defines "agricultural" as "the science or art of cultivating the soil,
harvesting crops, and raising livestock." Thus, commercial fishing falls outside the scope of the term "agricultural"
when that term is used in its commonly accepted sense.

Application of law:

You do not meet the qualifications under Treas. Reg. § 1.501(c)(5)-1 as your activities are not aimed at the overall
betterment of conditions within the farming industry, the improvement of the grade of products, or the development
of a higher degree of efficiency in your occupation. You operate to sell your members products thereby relieving the
members of their responsibility of selling their own products. The earnings from your sales inures to the benefit of
your members, which precludes exemption under section 501(c)(5).

You are similar to the organization in Rev. Rul. 66-105 in that you purchase your members products at a higher price
than they could achieve individually and sell those products to the general public at a profit, which precludes
exemption under section 501(c)(5) of the Code.

You are similar to the organization in Rev. Rul. 74-195 in that you sell seafood from your members to the general
public. In this manner you are not bettering the conditions of those engaged in agricultural pursuits, improving the
grade of their products or developing a higher degree of efficiency in their operations. You are acting in a way
similar to that of a seafood store or supermarket, which precludes exemption under section 501(c)(5) of the Code.

Letter 4034 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47628K

Similar to the organization in Rev. Rul. 75-287 your members are involved in the commercial fishing industry. For
that reason you are not furthering an agricultural purpose which precludes exemption under section 501(c)(5) of the
Code.

Conclusion:

Based on the above facts, we conclude you are not operating as an organization described in section 501(c)(5) of the
Code. You provide a service to your members by selling their products to the general public. The net earnings from
those sales inures to your members in the form of a higher purchasing price. In addition, the term commercial
fishing is not considered within the meaning of agricultural as that term is used within the purposes of section
501(c)(5) of the Code. Accordingly, your activities are not directed at bettering the conditions of those engaged in
agricultural pursuits, improving the grade of their products or developing a higher degree of efficiency. Therefore,
we have determined that you do not qualify for exemption under section 501(c)(5) of the Code.

If you don’t agree:

You have a right to file a protest if you don’t agree with our proposed adverse determination. To do so, you
must send a statement to us within 30 days of the date of this letter. The statement must include:

• Your name, address, employer identification number (EIN), and a daytime phone
number

• A copy of this letter highlighting the findings you disagree with
• An explanation of why you disagree, including any supporting documents
• The law or authority, if any, you are relying on

• The signature of an officer, director, trustee, or other official who is authorized to sign for the
organization, or your authorized representative

• One of the following declarations:

For an officer, director, trustee, or other official who is authorized to sign for the organization:
Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I examined this protest statement, including

accompanying documents, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, the statement contains all
relevant facts and such facts are true, correct, and complete.

For authorized representatives:

Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I prepared this protest statement, including
accompanying documents, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, the statement contains all
relevant facts and such facts are true, correct, and complete.

Your representative (attorney, certified public accountant, or other individual enrolled to practice before the
IRS) must file a Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative, with us if he or she hasn’t

Letter 4034 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47628K

4

already done so. You can find more information about representation in Publication 947, Practice Before the
IRS and Power of Attorney.

We’ll review your protest statement and decide if you provided a basis for us to reconsider our determination. If
so, we'll continue to process your case considering the information you provided. If you haven’t provided a
basis for reconsideration, we’ll forward your case to the Office of Appeals and notify you. You can find more

information about the role of the Appeals Office in Publication 892, How to Appeal an IRS Decision on Tax-
Exempt Status.

If you don’t file a protest within 30 days, you can’t seek a declaratory judgment in court at a later date because
the law requires that you use the IRS administrative process first (Section 7428(b)(2) of the Code).
Where to send your protest:

Please send your protest statement, Form 2848, if needed, and any supporting documents to the applicable
address:

U.S. mail: Street address for delivery service:
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service

EO Determinations Quality Assurance EO Determinations Quality Assurance
Room 7-008 550 Main Street, Room 7-008

P.O. Box 2508 Cincinnati, OH 45202

Cincinnati, OH 45201

You can also fax your statement and supporting documents to the fax number listed at the top of this letter. If
you fax your statement, please contact the person listed at the top of this letter to confirm that he or she received
it.

If you agree:

If you agree with our proposed adverse determination, you don’t need to do anything. If we don’t hear from you
within 30 days, we’ll issue a final adverse determination letter. That letter will provide information on your
income tax filing requirements.

You can find all forms and publications mentioned in this letter on our website at www.irs.gov/formspubs. If
you have questions, you can contact the person listed at the top of this letter.

Letter 4034 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47628K

Sincerely,

Jeffrey I. Cooper
Director, Exempt Organizations
Rulings and Agreements

Enclosure:
Publication 892

cc:

Letter 4034 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47628K