Condominium association is not a business league

Plain-English summary

A four-unit condominium association sought exemption as a business league under section 501(c)(6). It collected monthly assessments and used them for insurance, utilities, repairs, maintenance, gardening, cleaning, water, and trash for the common property. The IRS concluded that the owners shared no common business interest and that the association performed particular services for those individual members. Because the work benefited the condominium owners rather than improving conditions in a line of business, the association did not qualify. The denial became final after no protest was filed.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Does the condominium association qualify as a section 501(c)(6) business league?
• Outcome: denied; it served its individual owners and performed particular services rather than promoting a line of business
• Key authorities: IRC § 501(c)(6); Treas. Reg. § 1.501(c)(6)-1; Rev. Ruls. 59-234 and 68-264

Full text (IRS public release)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
P.O. Box 2508
Cincinnati, OH 45201
Date: October 13, 2016

Employer ID number:

Number: 201701019
Release Date: 1/6/2017 Contact person/ID number:

Contact telephone number:
Form you must file:

Tax years:

UIL: 501.06-00, 501.06-01

Dear :

This letter is our final determination that you don’t qualify for tax-exempt status under Section 501(c)(6) of the
Internal Revenue Code (the Code). Recently, we sent you a proposed adverse determination in response to your
application. The proposed adverse determination explained the facts, law, and basis for our conclusion, and it
gave you 30 days to file a protest. Because we didn’t receive a protest within the required 30 days, the proposed
determination is now final.

You must file federal income tax returns for the tax years listed at the top of this letter using the required form
(also listed at the top of this letter) within 30 days of this letter unless you request an extension of time to file.

We’ll make this final adverse determination letter and the proposed adverse determination letter available for
public inspection (as required under Section 6110 of the Code) after deleting certain identifying information.
Please read the enclosed Notice 437, Notice of Intention to Disclose, and review the two attached letters that
show our proposed deletions. If you disagree with our proposed deletions, follow the instructions in the Notice
437 on how to notify us. If you agree with our deletions, you don’t need to take any further action.

If you have questions about this letter, you can contact the person listed at the top of this letter. If you have
questions about your federal income tax status and responsibilities, call our customer service number at
1-800-829-1040 (TTY 1-800-829-4933 for deaf or hard of hearing) or customer service for businesses at
1-800-829-4933.

Letter 4040 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47635Z

Sincerely,

Jeffrey I. Cooper
Director, Exempt Organizations
Rulings and Agreements

Enclosures:
Notice 437
Redacted Letter 4034, Proposed Adverse Determination under IRC Section 501(a) Other Than 501(c)(3)
Redacted Letter 4040, Final Adverse Determination under IRC Section 501(a) Other Than 501(c)(3) - No

Protest

Letter 4040 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47635Z

Department of the Treasury

Internal Revenue Service

Cincinnati, OH 45201
Date: August 23, 2016
Employer ID number:
Contact person/ID number:

Contact telephone number:

Contact fax number:

Legend: UIL:

T = State 501.06-00
U = Date 501.06-01
V = Date

x dollars = Amount
Dear :

We considered your application for recognition of exemption from federal income tax under Section 501(a) of
the Internal Revenue Code (the Code). Based on the information provided, we determined that you don’t qualify
for exemption under Section 501(c)(6) of the Code. This letter explains the basis for our conclusion. Please
keep it for your records.

Issues
Do you qualify for exemption under section 501(c)(6) of the Code? No, for the reasons stated below.

Facts

You formed as an unincorporated association. You submitted a Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and
Restrictions Establishing a Plan of Condominium Ownership that was recorded with the State of T on U. The
Declaration states that the Declarant is the owner of real property located in T and “Declarant declares that the
real property is, and shall be, held, conveyed, hypothecated, encumbered, leased, rented, used, and occupied
subject to the following liens and charges, all of which are declared and agreed to be in furtherance of a plan of
condominium ownership as described in Civil Code Sections 1350-1360 for the subdivision,
improvement, protection, maintenance and sale of condominiums within the real property, and all of which are
declared and agreed to be for the purpose of enhancing, maintaining, and protecting the value and attractiveness
of the real property. All of the limitations, restrictions, easements, covenants, conditions, liens, and charges
shall run with the land, shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of all parties having or acquiring any right,
title, or interest in the real property, and shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of the successors in interest
of such parties.”

Section 2.1 of the Declaration explains that the ownership of each condominium in the development includes
the unit, the respective undivided interest in the common area, a membership in the association, and any
exclusive or non-exclusive easements appurtenant to such unit over the common area. Section 2.2 of the
Declaration explains that each condo owner has a non-exclusive easement of use and enjoyment in the common
area and for ingress and egress. Section 2.2.1 indicates that the association has the right to limit the number for
guests and adopt rules and regulations to regulate the use of the common space. Section 3 explains that the

condominium units shall be used for residential purposes only and not commercial use. Section 4.1 explains the
formation of the unincorporated association and states that, “On the close and recording of the first
condominium sale to an owner, the Association shall be charged with the duties and invested powers set forth in
the Articles, Bylaws, and Declaration, including, but not limited to, control and maintenance of the Common
Area and any Common Area facilities. Section 4.3.2 describes some of the duties of the association including
the operation and maintenance of the common area, the payment of all real and personal property taxes and
assessments and any other taxes levied against the common area, personal property owned by the association, or
the association itself, water and utilities for the common areas and the condominiums when the condominiums
are not separately billed, insurance, and enforcement of restrictions and rules.

Section 5.1.1 of the Declaration details the qualifications for membership. This section states, “Each owner of a
condominium, including Declarant, shall be a member of the Association and shall hold one membership
interest in the Association for each condominium owned.” Each owner remains a member until his/her
ownership interest ceases. Section 6 provides information about assessments to members and indicates that by
acceptance of a deed, each condominium purchaser agrees to pay regular assessments to the association for each
condominium owned.

You submitted an Amendment to the Declaration and Articles of Association that was dated V. The
amendment clarifies the exclusive easements over the common area apparent to each unit that each owner shall
clean and maintain.

You stated in your application that you are a homeowners association that collects HOA fees from four units at
the beginning of each month. The monthly assessment is x dollars per unit. Your revenue is solely from these
assessments and the occasional late fee. Your expenses include HOA insurance, common area utilities, repair,
maintenance, gardening and cleaning, water, trash, and stamps. You also have an Owner’s Capital account.

Law

Section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 provides exemption from federal income tax for business
leagues not organized for profit, and no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private
shareholder or individual.

Treasury Regulation Section 1.501(c)(6)-1 states that a business league is an association of persons having some
common business interest, the purpose of which is to promote such common interest and not to engage in a regular
business of a kind ordinarily carried on for profit. It is an organization of the same general class as a chamber of
commerce or board of trade. Thus, its activities should be directed to the improvement of business conditions of
one or more lines of business as distinguished from the performance of particular services for individual persons.
An organization, whose purpose is to engage in a regular business of a kind ordinarily carried on for profit, even
though the business is conducted on a cooperative basis or produces only sufficient income to be self-sustaining, is
not a business league.

Revenue Ruling 59-234, 1959-2 C.B. 149, held that a real-estate board whose primary purpose or activity is the
operation of a multiple-listing system is considered to be rendering particular services for its members as a
convenience and economy in the conduct of their respective businesses, rather than for the improvement of
business within the real estate business generally, and is not exempt from Federal income tax as an organization
described in section 501(c)(6) of the Code. The ruling further concluded that the operation of a real estate
multiple listing service constitutes a business of a kind ordinarily carried on for profit.

Letter 4034 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47628K

3

Rev. Rul. 68-264, 1968-1 C.B. 264, held a nonprofit organization is not exempt from federal income tax under
section 501(c)(6) of the Code because it operates a traffic bureau for members and nonmembers as its primary
activity. Primary activities that constitute a regular business of a kind ordinarily carried on for profit will
preclude exemption from federal income tax under section 501(c)(6) of the Code because they evidence a
purpose to engage in such business.

In Apartment Operations Ass’n v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 136 F. 2d 435 (1943), the court
determined that the organization was not exempt from tax as a business league. The organization was made up
of apartment owners. It did not meet the description of a business league because it regularly carried on
business of a kind ordinarily conducted for profit. It performed particular services for individual persons such as
the furnishing of credit information, the supplying of an apartment shopping service, the making of
arrangements for direct purchases by members at discount, and similar activities.

In Indiana Retail Hardware Assn., Inc. v. United States, 366 F. 2d 998 (1966), the Court held that when
conducting particular services for members is a substantial activity of an organization, the organization will be
precluded from exemption under section 501(c)(6) of the Code. Over 58% of the organization’s total income
was derived from its performing particular services for individuals as convenience and economy in their
businesses and from its other income-producing activities.

Application of law

Section 501(c)(6) of the Code provides exemption when no part of the net earnings inures to the benefit of any
private shareholder or individual. Your Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions Establishing a Plan
of Condominium Ownership specifically states that your activities will inure to the benefit of individuals. It states,
“All of the limitations, restrictions, easements, covenants, conditions, liens, and charges shall run with the land,
shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of all parties having or acquiring any right, title, or interest in the real
property, and shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of the successors in interest of such parties.” Since you
operate for the sole and exclusive benefit of your membership your net earnings inure to those individuals and you
do not qualify for exemption under section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

Contrary to Treas. Reg. Section 1.501(c)(6)-1, you are not an association of persons with a common business
interest; rather, you are an association of condominium owners whose common interest is providing for the
maintenance and upkeep for your common area. Your expenses for the common area include utilities, repair,
maintenance, gardening and cleaning, water, and trash. Other than the fact that all of your members own a
condominium on common grounds, your members have no common business interest. Therefore you are not a
business league as described in section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

Rev. Ruls. 59-234 and 68-274 provide that activities that constitute the performance of particular services for
individual persons may preclude exemption from federal income tax under section 501(c)(6) of the Code. Any
activity that serves as a convenience or economy to members is a particular service. Like the organizations in
Rev. Ruls. 59-234 and 68-274, all of your activities are directed toward providing services to members.
Maintaining the common area of a condominium complex is a convenience to the owners. If not for you, the
individual owners would have to perform this duty.

Like the organizations described in Apartment Operations Ass’n v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
and Indiana Retail Hardware Assn., Inc. v. United States, your activities do not improve the business conditions

Letter 4034 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47628K

4

of one or more lines of business or business conditions of any community as a whole. Instead, you serve the
special interests of your individual members.

Conclusion

You are not an association of persons promoting one or more lines of business, and your activities constitute
specific services to members. Accordingly, you do not qualify for exemption from federal income tax under
section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

If you don’t agree
You have a right to file a protest if you don’t agree with our proposed adverse determination. To do so, you
must send a statement to us within 30 days of the date of this letter. The statement must include:

• Your name, address, employer identification number (EIN), and a daytime phone
number

• A copy of this letter highlighting the findings you disagree with
• An explanation of why you disagree, including any supporting documents
• The law or authority, if any, you are relying on

• The signature of an officer, director, trustee, or other official who is authorized to sign for the
organization, or your authorized representative

• One of the following declarations:

For an officer, director, trustee, or other official who is authorized to sign for the organization:
Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I examined this protest statement, including

accompanying documents, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, the statement contains all
relevant facts and such facts are true, correct, and complete.

For authorized representatives:

Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I prepared this protest statement, including
accompanying documents, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, the statement contains all
relevant facts and such facts are true, correct, and complete.

Your representative (attorney, certified public accountant, or other individual enrolled to practice before the
IRS) must file a Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative, with us if he or she hasn’t
already done so. You can find more information about representation in Publication 947, Practice Before the
IRS and Power of Attorney.

We’ll review your protest statement and decide if you provided a basis for us to reconsider our determination. If
so, we’ll continue to process your case considering the information you provided. If you haven’t provided a
basis for reconsideration, we’ll forward your case to the Office of Appeals and notify you. You can find more
information about the role of the Appeals Office in Publication 892, How to Appeal an IRS Decision on Tax-
Exempt Status.

Letter 4034 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47628K

5

If you don’t file a protest within 30 days, you can’t seek a declaratory judgment in court at a later date because
the law requires that you use the IRS administrative process first (Section 7428(b)(2) of the Code).

Where to send your protest
Please send your protest statement, Form 2848, if needed, and any supporting documents to the applicable
address:

U.S. mail: Street address for delivery service:
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service

EO Determinations Quality Assurance EO Determinations Quality Assurance
Room 7-008 550 Main Street, Room 7-008

P.O. Box 2508 Cincinnati, OH 45202

Cincinnati, OH 45201

You can also fax your statement and supporting documents to the fax number listed at the top of this letter. If
you fax your statement, please contact the person listed at the top of this letter to confirm that he or she received
it.

If you agree

If you agree with our proposed adverse determination, you don’t need to do anything. If we don’t hear from you
within 30 days, we’ll issue a final adverse determination letter. That letter will provide information on your
income tax filing requirements.

You can find all forms and publications mentioned in this letter on our website at www.irs.gov/formspubs. If
you have questions, you can contact the person listed at the top of this letter.

Sincerely,

Jeffrey I. Cooper
Director, Exempt Organizations
Rulings and Agreements

Enclosure:
Publication 892

Letter 4034 (Rev. 7-2014)
Catalog Number 47628K