Inactive educational organization loses exemption after bankruptcy

Plain-English summary

The IRS revoked the exemption of an educational organization that had planned supplemental programs for young people and a charter high school. The organization filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, and its school ceased active operations. The bankruptcy trustee had only four months of bank statements and lacked accounting records, governing documents, minutes, invoices, journals, and most bank records. The limited statements did not match financial information reported on Form 990-EZ, and state records showed that the corporation's status was suspended. The IRS concluded that the organization failed the organizational and operational tests for exemption and did not meet federal recordkeeping requirements. The trustee orally agreed with revocation, which was effective July 1 of the redacted year.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Did the inactive educational organization continue to qualify under section 501(c)(3) and maintain records supporting its return and exempt status?
• Outcome: Revocation effective July 1 of the redacted year
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 170, 501, 6001, and 6033; Treas. Reg. §§ 1.501(c)(3)-1, 1.6001-1, and 1.6033-2; Rev. Rul. 59-95

Full text (IRS public release)

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
TE/GE: EO Examinations
1100 Commerce Street, MC 4920 DAL
Dallas, TX 75242

TAX EXEMPT AND

GOVERNMENT ENTITIES

DIVISION October 9, 2015

Release Number: 201603040
Release Date: 1/15/2016
UIL Code: 501.03-00

Taxpayer Identification Number:
Person to Contact:
Identification Number:

Contact Telephone Number:

CERTIFIED MAIL
Dear

This is a final adverse determination regarding your exempt status under section
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code). Our favorable determination letter
to you dated December 5, 20XX is hereby revoked and you are no longer exempt under
section 501(a) of the Code effective July 1, 20XX.

The revocation of your exempt status was made for the following reason(s):

You are not operating for any charitable, religious, educational, or other exempt
purpose. Our examination, for the tax year ended June 30, 20XX, reveals that you are
not engaged primarily in activities which accomplish religious, charitable, educational or
other exempt purposes as required by Treas. Req. section 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(1).
Moreover, you failed the organizational test for exemption because your corporate
status has been suspended; therefore, you are not a corporation, community chest,
fund, or foundation as required by I.R.C. section 501(c)(3).

You failed to keep adequate books and records as required by I.R.C. sections 6001,
6033(a)(1) and Rev. Rul. 59-95, 1959-1 C.B. 627. Your organization is inactive and
there have been no operations or financial activities conducted or planned. As such
you fail to meet the operational requirements for continued exemption under I.R.C.
section 501(c)(3).

Contributions to your organization are no longer deductible under IRC §170 after July 1,
20XX.

You are required to file income tax returns on Form 1120. These returns should be
filed with the appropriate Service Center for the tax year ending June 30, 20XX and for
all tax years thereafter in accordance with the instructions of the return.

Processing of income tax returns and assessments of any taxes due will not be delayed
should a petition for declaratory judgment be filed under section 7428 of the Internal
Revenue Code.

If you decide to contest this determination under the declaratory judgment provisions of
section 7428 of the Code, a petition to the United States Tax Court, the United States
Claims Court, or the district court of the United States for the District of Columbia must
be filed before the 91st Day after the date this determination was mailed to you. Please
contact the clerk of the appropriate court for rules regarding filing petitions for
declaratory judgments by referring to the enclosed Publication 892. You may write to
these courts at the following addresses:

United States Tax Court United States Court of Federal Claims
400 Second Street, NW 717 Madison Place, NW
Washington, D.C. 20217 Washington, D.C. 20005

United States District Court for the District of Columbia
333 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20001

The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) is an independent organization within the
IRS that can help protect your taxpayer rights. TAS can offer you help if your tax
problem is causing a hardship, or you've tried but haven't been able to resolve
your problem with the IRS. If you qualify for our assistance, which is always free,
TAS will do everything possible to help you. Visit taxpayeradvocate.irs.gov or
call 1-877-777-4778.

If you have any questions, please contact the person whose name and telephone
number are shown in the heading of this letter.

Sincerely,
Margaret Von Lienen
Director, EO Examinations

Enclosure:
Publication 892

Letter 3607(04-2002)
Catalog Number: 34198J

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Date:
February 18, 2015
IRS Taxpayer Identification Number:

Form:
990EZ

Tax year(s) ended:
June 30, 20XX

Person to contact / ID Number:

Contact Numbers:
Phone Number:
Fax Number:

Manager’s name / ID Number:

Manager's contact number:
Phone Number:

Response due date:

Certified Mail - Return Receipt Requested
Dear

Why you are receiving this letter
We propose to revoke your status as an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
Code (Code). Enclosed is our report of examination explaining the proposed action.

What you need to do if you agree

If you agree with our proposal, please sign the enclosed Form 6018, Consent to Proposed Action — Section

7428, and return it to the contact person at the address listed above (unless you have already provided us a signed Form
6018). We'll issue a final revocation letter determining that you aren't an organization described in section 501(c)(3).

After we issue the final revocation letter, we’ll announce that your organization is no longer eligible for
contributions deductible under section 170 of the Code.

If we don't hear from you

If you don't respond to this proposal within 30 calendar days from the date of this letter, we'll issue a final
revocation letter. Failing to respond to this proposal will adversely impact your legal standing to seek a declaratory
judgment because you failed to exhaust your administrative remedies.

Effect of revocation status
If you receive a final revocation letter, you'll be required to file federal income tax returns for the tax year(s) shown above
as well as for subsequent tax years.

What you need to do if you disagree with the proposed revocation
If you disagree with our proposed revocation, you may request a meeting or telephone conference with the
supervisor of the IRS contact identified in the heading of this letter. You also may file a protest with the

Letter 3618 (Rev. 6-2012)
Catalog Number 34809F

IRS Appeals office by submitting a written request to the contact person at the address listed above within 30 calendar
days from the date of this letter. The Appeals office is independent of the Exempt Organizations division and resolves
most disputes informally.

For your protest to be valid, it must contain certain specific information including a statement of the facts, the applicable
law, and arguments in support of your position. For specific information needed for a valid protest, please refer to page
one of the enclosed Publication 892, How to Appeal an IRS Decision on Tax-Exempt Status, and page six of the enclosed
Publication 3498, The Examination Process. Publication 3498 also includes information on your rights as a taxpayer and
the IRS collection process. Please note that Fast Track Mediation referred to in Publication 3498 generally doesn’t apply
after we issue this letter.

You also may request that we refer this matter for technical advice as explained in Publication 892. Please contact
the individual identified on the first page of this letter if you are considering requesting technical advice. If we issue
a determination letter to you based on a technical advice memorandum issued by the Exempt Organizations Rulings
and Agreements office, no further IRS administrative appeal will be available to you.

Contacting the Taxpayer Advocate Office is a taxpayer right

You have the right to contact the office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Their assistance isn’t a substitute for established IRS
procedures, such as the formal appeals process. The Taxpayer Advocate can't reverse a legally correct tax determination
or extend the time you have (fixed by law) to file a petition in a United States court. They can, however, see that a tax
matter that hasn't been resolved through normal channels gets prompt and proper handling. You may call toll-free 1-877-
777-4778 and ask for Taxpayer Advocate assistance. If you prefer, you may contact your local Taxpayer Advocate at:

Internal Revenue Service
Office of the Taxpayer Advocate

For additional information
If you have any questions, please call the contact person at the telephone number shown in the heading of this letter. If
you write, please provide a telephone number and the most convenient time to call if we need to contact you.

Thank you for your cooperation.

Sincerely,

Margaret Von Lienen
Director, EO Examinations

Enclosures:

Report of Examination
Form 6018
Publication 892
Publication 3498

Letter 3618 (Rev. 6-2012)
Catalog Number 34809F

Schedule number or exhibit

Form 886-A EXPLANATION OF ITEMS
(Rev. January 1994)
Name of Organization/Taxpayer Tax Identification Number Year/Period ended
June 30, 20XX
Issue:

1. Whether the tax exempt status of (“ ”) should be revoked

as of July 1, 20XX for failing to comply with the organizational and operational tests within the
meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”).

2. Whether the tax exempt status of should be revoked as of July 1, 20XX for failing to
   maintain or provide records within the meaning of Section 6033(a)(1) of the Code.
   Facts:

Organizational information:

was incorporated in the State of on June 7, 20XX. The Articles of Incorporation
stated that name was and its specific purpose was “to provide supplemental
educational services to low achieving students in grades 6-12. These services will include English
Language Development, Special Education services and instruction in all academic subjects.”

submitted the Form 1023, Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3)
of the Internal Revenue Code, to the IRS on February 27, 20XX, with the name .

The enclosed bylaws, with no date, stated the objectives of as “to furnish on a charitable basis
equipment, staff, and facilities, among other things, necessary or desirable to promote educational
development of the urban youth residing in and other depressed areas of

”

stated its activities and operations in the Form 1023 as follow:

“The planned activities and operations of are twofold. Firstly, our
programs will provide supplemental educational services to youth ages 0-18. The
programs will operate at local schools located in inner-city communities where state test
scores are low. Some programs will operate off-site within school communities.

will focus on those areas where the majority of students are Special Education
Learners, English Language Learners, children of migrant workers, or of Native
American descent.

will provide supplemental educational services in the following areas:

• Language
• Reading
• Math

• Science

Form 886-A (1-1994) Page 1 of 7 Department of the Treasury-Internal Revenue Service

Schedule number or exhibit

Form 886-A EXPLANATION OF ITEMS

(Rev. January 1994)

Name of Organization/Taxpayer Tax Identification Number Year/Period ended

June 30, 20XX

• Social Studies

• Spanish

• English as a Second Language (ESL)

• Visual and Performing Arts

• Social-Immersion Skills

• Personal Beauty and Hygiene

• Sex Education

• Homeland Security (Terrorism Response & Safety)
• Career Training

• College Counseling

• Domestic Engineering (Cooking, Budgeting, Sewing)
• Parenting Classes

• Counseling need and Referral Services

• Crisis Intervention

• Anger Management and dispute Resolution

• Drug and Alcohol Intervention/Referrals

• Personal Presentation and Interviewing Strategies

Secondly, will establish and operate (grades 9-12)
in the inner city where schools are overpopulated. The organization will serve as the parent
company for a charter high school named “ ” which will

specialize in technology, arts and project-based learning. The charter school will house
between 100-300 students and will be located in an area with a high number of English
Language Learners and low income families.”

The Form 1023 describes its programs and services as follow:

“ will not charge its students or families for any services rendered. The
community-based programs will provide supplemental education services such as tutoring,
summer, vacation, evening and weekend classes in all academic core subjects, visual and
performing arts, and all area listed in the Planned Activities and Operations section.

will operate the charter school ,
will comply with Education Code, and will not charge its students or families and
money for tuition.

However, the charter school will operate an after-school program in which students can stay
and participate in extra-curricular activities for a small monthly fee. As well,

will offer a before and after school child care program for school-aged children on the
charter schools site. This service will be provided at a rate between $50 - $150 per week,
depending on the family’s income level.

Form 886-A (1-1994) Page 2 of 7 Department of the Treasury-Internal Revenue Service

, : Schedule number or exhibit
Form 886-A EXPLANATION OF ITEMS
(Rev. January 1994)
Name of Organization/Taxpayer Tax Identification Number Year/Period ended

June 30, 20XX

will compile and sell various informational binders covering areas such as
• Parenting
• Homeland Security
• Career and College Counseling
• Domestic Engineering
• Personal Presentation and Interviewing Strategies

These informational binders will supplement the classes offered in many cases and will be
free of charge. For those community members who are not interested in attending classes,
yet want to purchase the accompanying literature (binders), the information will be sold at
rates that correspond to a sliding scale bases on each family’s income.”

stated that it would fund the organization through mail, e-mail, personal, phone, and government
grant solicitations.

received its exempt status as an organization described under Sections 501(c)(3) and 170
(b)(1)(A)(vi) of the Code on December 5, 20XX.

Operational Information:

filed the Form 990-EZ, Short Form, Return of Organization Exempt From income Tax, for tax year
ending June 30, 20XX as its final return. We audited this return and activities of . The return stated
the following under the Federal Supplemental Information:

“ filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 7 of Title 11 of
the United States Bankruptcy Code on January 2, 20XX (case 2:12-BK-10037-TD).
was appointed as a trustee for the debtor's estate...

The school ceased active operations in June 20XX.

The trustee was not provided with any accounting records for this fiscal year. Instead the
trustee had to create the information necessary to prepare this tax return based on certain
assumptions using historical information.

This income tax return was prepared based on all of the facts know to us as of the date this
tax return was signed and we believe it is complete and accurate in all material respects...

To facilitate the administration of the estate and to minimize administrative costs, certain
estimated administrative expenses incurred but unpaid by the bankruptcy estate have been
included as a deduction on this tax return such costs can include trustee, legal, and
accounting fees. The trustee, legal, and accounting expenses that have been incurred and

Form 886-A (1-1994) Page 3 of 7 Department of the Treasury-Internal Revenue Service

Schedule number or exhibit

Form 886-A EXPLANATION OF ITEMS
(Rev. January 1994)
Name of Organization/Taxpayer Tax Identification Number Year/Period ended
June 30, 20XX
not yet paid total approximately $ . These expenses will be paid at the

conclusion of the case with court order. The trustee is moving to close the case.”

Agent interviewed the trustee on June 10, 20XX. The trustee provided four months’ worth of bank
statements: July 20XX statement for bank account ends and September 20XX to November 20XX
statements for bank account ends . The trustee was unable to provide the following records:

• Amended Articles of Incorporation

• Bylaws effective in year 20XX

• Board minutes

• General ledger and financial statements

• Invoices, receipts, and paid bills for expenses

• Cash receipts and disbursement journals

• Bank statement for August 20XX, December 20XX, January to June 20XX
• Cancelled checks

The bank statements indicated that the return was incorrect. did not report the

$ deposits shown in September 20XX statement. We were unable to verify any portion
of the financial information because could not provide documents to show their
existence and accuracy. Although they provided bank statements indicated that paid
some bills, they were not the regular expenses such as rent, utility, and phone, etc.

The trustee stated that has been terminated but has not filed the Articles of Dissolution. On
February 12, 20XX, Agent conducted research on the Secretary of State Corporations
database revealed the corporate status of (entity number: ) was “FTB [Franchise Tax
Board] Suspended.”

The trustee stated that he had no knowledge of operation and could not provide any information
about its activities for tax year ending June 30, 20XX. He filed the final return based on the limited
documents provided by the court.

LAW

Organizational and Operational Requirements for Exemption:

Section 501(c)(3) of the Code provides that an organization must be organized and operated
exclusively for a “charitable” or other exempt purpose. For an entity to be organized for an exempt
purpose, it must be a corporation, community chest, fund or foundation.

Federal Tax Regulations (“Regulations”) Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(a)(1) provides that, in order to be
exempt as an organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code, an organization must be both

Form 886-A (1-1994) Page 4 of 7 Department of the Treasury-Internal Revenue Service

. ‘ Schedule number or exhibit
Form 886-A EXPLANATION OF ITEMS
(Rev. January 1994)
Name of Organization/Taxpayer Tax Identification Number Year/Period ended

June 30, 20XX

organized and operated exclusively for one or more of the purposes specified in such section. If an
organization fails to meet either the organizational test or the operational test, it is not exempt.

The Regulations Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(1) provides that an organization will be regarded as
“operated exclusively” for one or more exempt purposes only if it engages primarily in activities that
accomplish one or more of such exempt purposes specified in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code. An
organization will not be so regarded if more than an insubstantial part of its activities is not in
furtherance of an exempt purpose. The existence of a substantial nonexempt purpose, regardless of
the number or importance of exempt purposes, will cause failure of the operational test.

The Regulations Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(d)(1)(i) provides that an organization may be exempt as an
organization described in the Code Section 501(c)(3) if it is organized and operated exclusively for
one or more of the following purposes:

(a) Religious,

(b) Charitable

(c) Scientific,

(d) Testing for public safety,

(e) Literary

(f) Educational, or

(g) Prevention of cruelty to children or animals.

The Regulations Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(d)(1)(ii) provides, in part, that the organization must establish it
is not organized or operated for the benefit of private interests, “such as designated individuals, the
creator or his family, shareholders of the organization, or persons controlled, directly or indirectly, by
such private interests.”

Recordkeeping Requirements:

Section 6001 of the Code states in part that “[e]very person liable for any tax imposed by this title, or
for the collection thereof, shall keep such records, render such statements, make such returns, and
comply with such rules and regulations as the Secretary may from time to time prescribe....”

Section 6033(a)(1) of the Code states that except as provided in section 6033(a)(3), every
organization exempt from taxation under section 501(a) shall file an annual return, stating specifically
the items of gross income, receipts, and disbursements, and such other information for the purpose of
carrying out the internal revenue laws as the Secretary may by forms or regulations prescribe, and
shall keep such records, render under oath such statements, make such other returns, and comply
with such rules and regulations as the Secretary may from time to time prescribe; except that, in the
discretion of the Secretary, any organization described in section 401(a) may be relieved from stating
in its return any information which is reported in returns filed by the employer which established such
organization.

Form 886-A (1-1994) Page 5 of 7 Department of the Treasury-Internal Revenue Service

‘ > Schedule number or exhibit
Form 886-A EXPLANATION OF ITEMS
(Rev. January 1994)
Name of Organization/Taxpayer Tax Identification Number Year/Period ended

June 30, 20XX

The Regulations Section 1.6001-1(c) states that every organization exempt from the Code section
501(a) shall keep such permanent books of account or records, including inventories, as are sufficient
to show specifically the items of gross income, receipts and disbursements. Such organizations shall
also keep such books and records as are required to substantiate the information required by
Sections 6033 and 6033-1 through -3 of the Code.

The Regulations Section 1.6033-2(i)(2) states that organizations that are exempt from tax are
required to submit additional information as required by the IRS for the purpose of inquiring into the
organization’s exempt status.

Revenue Ruling 59-95 states that an organization that fails to file an informational return or otherwise
fails to comply with section 6033 may be subject to revocation of exempt status on the grounds that it
has failed to show that it is continuing to observe the conditions required to maintain tax-exempt
status.

Government’s Position

Issue 1:

For an organization to maintain its exempt status, it must meet the operational test under Section
501(c)(3) of the Code and Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(a)(1) of the Regulations. The operational test
generally requires that an organization operates consistently with the requirements of the Codes.
Otherwise, the organization is not operated exclusively for charitable purposes, and will lose its tax
exempt status.

The Form 990-EZ states ceased active operation in June 20XX. The few documents we
observed confirmed this statement. Therefore, did not maintain its operation as it described
within the Form 1023, and has not carried on any exempt activities since June 20XX. Accordingly,

did not meet the operational test since June 20XX. is not a charitable organization
within the meaning of the Regulations Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(d) and should no longer be granted tax-
exempt status under Sections 501(c)(3) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi) of the Code.

Issue 2:

Section 6033(a)(1) of the Code and the regulations thereunder require every organization exempt
under Section 501(a) of the Code to file an annual return and keep books and records to substantiate
the information. could only provide four bank statements, which did not match the financial
information reported on the Form 990-EZ. could not provide supporting documents to support
the information reported on the return. Therefore, failed the reporting requirement and should
not be exempt.

Form 886-A (1-1994) Page 6 of 7 Department of the Treasury-Internal Revenue Service

Schedule number or exhibit

Form 886-A EXPLANATION OF ITEMS

(Rev. January 1994)
Name of Organization/Taxpayer Tax Identification Number Year/Period ended

June 30, 20XX

Taxpayer’s Position

The trustee orally agreed with the revocation to exempt status.

Conclusion:

failed the operational test because it stopped operating in 20XX. The exempt status of
should be revoked effective July 1, 20XX.

is required to file Forms 1120, U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return, for tax year ending June
30, 20XX, and all the subsequent years, if applicable.

Form 886-A (1-1994) Page 7 of 7 Department of the Treasury-Internal Revenue Service