Missed trust elections receive coordinated S corporation relief

Plain-English summary

An S corporation began with three trust shareholders, but required ESBT and QSST elections were not filed on time. The missed elections made the corporation's S election ineffective and would also have caused a later termination, which in turn invalidated its election to treat a wholly owned subsidiary as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary. The IRS found the failures inadvertent under IRC § 1362(f). It allowed the corporation to be treated as an S corporation and the subsidiary to be treated as a QSub from the intended effective date. The relief required six corrective steps within 120 days, including a redacted adjustment payment, a trust distribution, consistent tax filings, and the missing trust elections. If those conditions were not met, the ruling would be null and void.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Can the corporation and its subsidiary retain their intended S corporation and QSub treatment after several missed trust elections?
• Outcome: Approved, subject to six corrective conditions
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(b)(3), 1361(d), 1361(e), 1362(f); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.1361-1, 1.1361-3

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201549001 [Third Party Communication:
Release Date: 12/4/2015 Date of Communication: Month DD, YYYY]
Index Number: 1362.04-00, 1361.03-02,
1361.03-03, 1361.05-00 Person To Contact:
----------------, ID No. ------------------
----------------------------------- Telephone Number:
------------------- ----------------------
------------------------ Refer Reply To:
------------------------------ CC:PSI:B01
PLR-100344-15
Date:
June 30, 2015

Legend

X = --------------------

Y = -----------------------------------------

A = -------------------

B = -------------------------

C = --------------------------

D = ---------------------

Trust 1 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trust 2 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       ----------------------------------------------

Trust 3 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-
PLR-100344-15 2

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Date 1 = ----------------------------

Date 2 = ----------------------

Date 3 = ----------------------

Date 4 = ----------------------

Date 5 = ----------------------------

Years 1 = ---------------

Years 2 = ---------------

Years 3 = ---------------

Years 4 = -------------------------------

Years 5 = ---------------

State = -------

$a = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

$b = --------------

Dear --------------:

This responds to a letter dated December 18, 2014, and subsequent correspondence,
submitted on behalf of X, by X’s authorized representative, requesting relief under
section 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code.

FACTS

According to the information submitted and representations within, X was incorporated
on Date 1, under the laws of State. X elected to be treated as an S corporation effective
Date 2.
PLR-100344-15 3

As of Date 2, Trust 1, Trust 2, and Trust 3 were shareholders of X. X represents that
Trust 1 was eligible to make an Electing Small Business Trust (ESBT) election as of
Date 2. However, the trustee of Trust 1 inadvertently failed to file an ESBT election. X
represents that Trust 2 was eligible to make a Qualified Subchapter S Trust (QSST)
election as of Date 2. However, the income beneficiary of Trust 2 inadvertently failed to
file a QSST election.

Effective Date 2, X elected to treat Y as a Qualified Subchapter S Subsidiary (QSub).
However, X’s S election was not valid on Date 2, thus invalidating X’s QSub election. X
represents that, at all times on and after Date 2, X has owned all of the outstanding
stock of Y. X represents that it intended to elect to treat Y as a QSub effective Date 2
and that X has filed tax returns for all tax years consistent with the treatment of Y as a
QSub.

X represents that on Date 2, Trust 3, a grantor trust, was an eligible shareholder of X
under § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i). On Date 3, B, the grantor of Trust 3, died. Upon B’s death, a
sub-trust of Trust 3 was created and all of the assets from Trust 3 were allocated to the
sub-trust. The sub-trust was administered as a Family Trust for the benefit of C. As of
Date 4, an ESBT election was not timely filed for Trust 3, thereby causing Trust 3 to
become an ineligible shareholder of X. Trust 3 held the X shares until Date 5, when the
X shares were transferred to D, an eligible shareholder.

X represents that Trust 1 intended to be an ESBT effective Date 2 and that Trust 3
intended to be an ESBT effective Date 4. However, timely ESBT elections were not
filed. X represents that Trust 2 intended to be a QSST effective Date 2. However, a
timely QSST election was not filed.

X represents that the circumstances resulting in the failure to make the ESBT and
QSST elections were inadvertent and not motivated by tax avoidance or retroactive tax
planning. X further represents that X has filed its income tax returns consistent with
having a valid S election in effect for all taxable years since X elected to be an S
corporation. X represents that other than the failure to make valid ESBT elections on
Date 2 and Date 4, and a valid QSST election on Date 2, X has qualified as a small
business corporation at all times since its election on Date 2. Lastly, X and its
shareholders agree to make any adjustments required as a condition of obtaining relief
under § 1362(f) that may be required by the Secretary.

In addition, X represents that Trust 1 has at all times since Date 2 met the requirements
of an ESBT under § 1361(d)(3) and that Trust 3 has met the requirements of an ESBT
since Date 4. X further represents that Trust 1 has not filed its income tax returns
consistent with being an ESBT for Years 1 and that Trust 3 has not filed its income tax
returns consistent with being an ESBT for Years 2. X represents that Trust 2 has
qualified as a QSST under § 1361(d) at all times, with the exception of Years 3, since
PLR-100344-15 4

Trust 2 acquired X stock on Date 2. X also represents that since Date 2, Trust 2 has
been treated as a QSST for Years 4.

X represents that the inadvertent invalid election and potential later termination of its S
corporation election was inadvertent and was not motivated by tax avoidance or
retroactive tax planning.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 1361(a) provides that an S corporation is a small business corporation for which
an election under § 1362(a) is in effect.

Section 1361(b)(1) provides that the terms “small business corporation” means a
domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have
more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate,
a trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is
not an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more
than 1 class of stock.

Section 1361(b)(3)(A) generally provides that a QSub shall not be treated as a
separate corporation and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and
credit of a QSub shall be treated as assets, liabilities, and such items (as the case may
be) of the S corporation.

Section 1361(b)(3)(B) defines a QSub as a domestic corporation which is not an
ineligible corporation, if 100 percent of the stock of the corporation is owned by the S
corporation, and the S corporation elects to treat the corporation as a Qualified
subchapter S subsidiary .

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that, for purposes of section 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all
of which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1) as owned by
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be an S corporation
shareholder.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), an ESBT is a
permissible S corporation shareholder.

Section 1361(d)(1) provides that, in the case of a QSST with respect to which a
beneficiary makes an election under paragraph 1361(d)(2), such trust shall be treated
as a trust described in subsection 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) and for purposes of section 678(a),
the beneficiary of such trust shall be treated as the owner of that portion of the trust
which consists of stock in an S corporation with respect to which the election under
paragraph 1362(d)(2) is made.
PLR-100344-15 5

Section 1361(d)(3) defines a QSST as a trust all of the income (within the meaning of
section 643(b)) of which is distributed (or required to be distributed) currently to one
individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States. In addition, the terms of the
trust must require that (i) during the lifetime of the current income beneficiary, there
shall be only one income beneficiary of the trust, (ii) any corpus distributed during the
life of the current income beneficiary may be distributed only to such beneficiary, (iii) the
income interest of the current income beneficiary in the trust shall terminate on the
earlier of such beneficiary's death or the termination of the trust, and (iv) upon the
termination of the trust during the life of the current income beneficiary, the trust shall
distribute all of its assets to such beneficiary.

Section 1361(e)(3) provides that an election under § 1361(e) shall be made by the
trustee. Any such election shall apply to the taxable year of the trust for which made and
all subsequent taxable years of such trust unless revoked with the consent of the
Secretary.

Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(i), of the Income Tax Regulations, provides that the trustee of
an ESBT must make the ESBT election by signing and filing, with the service center
where the S corporation files its income tax return, a statement that meets the
requirements of § 1.1361-1(m)(2)(ii).

Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(iii) provides that the trustee of an ESBT must file the ESBT
election within the time requirements prescribed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(iii) for filing a QSST
election (generally within the 16-day-and-2-month period beginning on the day that the
stock is transferred to the trust).

Section 1.1361-3(a) prescribes the time and manner for making an election to be
classified as a QSub.

Section 1.1361-3(a)(4) provides that an election may be effective up to two months and
15 days prior to the date the election is filed or not more than 12 months after the
election is filed. The proper form for making the election is Form 8869, Qualified
subchapter S subsidiary Election.

Section 1362(a)(1) provides that, except as provided in § 1362(g), a small business
corporation may elect, in accordance with the provisions of § 1362, to be an S
corporation. Section 1362(a)(2) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be valid
only if all persons who are shareholders in such corporation on the day on which such
election is made consent to such election.

Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated
whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation.
PLR-100344-15 6

Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) or
§ 1361(b)(3)(B)(ii) by any corporation (A) was not effective for the taxable year for which
made (determined without regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the
requirements of § 1361(b) or to obtain shareholder consents, or (B) was terminated
under paragraph (2) or (3) § 1362(d) or § 1361(b)(3)(C); (2) the Secretary determines
that the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination were inadvertent;
(3) no later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances
resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken (A) so that the
corporation for which the election was made or the termination occurred is a small
business corporation or a QSub, as the case may be, or (B) to acquire the required
shareholder consents; and (4) the corporation for which the election was made or the
termination occurred, and each person who was a shareholder in such corporation at
any time during the period specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to make such
adjustments (consistent with the treatment of such corporation as an S corporation or a
Qsub, as the case may be) as may be required by the Secretary with respect to such
period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or
termination, such corporation shall be treated as an S corporation or a Qsub, as the
case may be, during the period specified by the Secretary.

CONCLUSION

Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude that
X’s S election was ineffective on Date 2, and that if the election has been effective it
would have terminated on Date 4. We further conclude that the missed QSST and
ESBT elections that caused the ineffectiveness/termination were inadvertent within the
meaning of § 1362(f). Therefore, X will be treated as an S corporation effective Date 2
and thereafter, provided X’s S corporation election is otherwise valid and not otherwise
terminated under § 1362(d).

This letter ruling is subject to the following conditions. No later than 120 days from the
date of this letter: (1) As an adjustment under § 1362(f)(4), a payment of $a and a copy
of this letter must be sent to the following address: Internal Revenue Service, Cincinnati
Service Center, 201 West Rivercenter Blvd., Covington, KY 41011, Stop 31, Terri
Lackey, Manual Deposit; (2) the trustee of Trust 2 must make a distribution of $b to A;
(3) X and each of its shareholders must file any original and amended returns for Years
5 consistent with the relief granted in this letter; (4) the trustee of Trust 1 must file an
ESBT election for Trust 1, effective Date 2; (5) the beneficiary of Trust 2 must file a
QSST election for Trust 2, effective Date 2; and (6) the trustee of Trust 3 must file an
ESBT election for Trust 3, effective Date 4.

These elections must be made with the appropriate service center within 120 days from
the date of this letter. A copy of this letter should be attached to the elections. If these
conditions are not met, then this ruling is null and void. Furthermore, if these conditions
PLR-100344-15 7

are not met, X must send notification that its S election has terminated to the service
center with which X’s S election was filed.

Furthermore, Y will be treated as a QSub effective Date 2 and thereafter, provided Y
otherwise is eligible to be treated as a QSub.

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced in
this letter. Specifically, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning whether X
otherwise qualifies as an S corporation, or whether Y is eligible to be a QSub, for
federal tax purposes.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) provides
that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the power of attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to the taxpayer’s authorized representatives.

                                    Sincerely,


                                    Joy C. Spies
                                    Joy C. Spies
                                    Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 1
                                    Office of the Chief Counsel
                                    (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2)
Copy of this letter
Copy of this letter for section 6110 purposes