UPS delivery does not satisfy notice-of-sale rules

Plain-English summary

A notice of nonjudicial sale was sent by UPS to the mailroom at the IRS address listed in Publication 4235. Chief Counsel concluded that this delivery did not satisfy IRC § 7425(c), which requires written notice by registered or certified mail or by personal service. The IRS interprets registered or certified mail as the corresponding United States Postal Service options, and it had not designated any private-delivery service as an equivalent under section 7502(f)(3). Counsel also read personal service to mean delivery by the person submitting the notice, not delivery through a third-party carrier. The UPS notice was therefore ineffective, so the sale remained subject to the federal tax liens.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Can UPS or FedEx delivery satisfy section 7425(c)’s notice requirements for a nonjudicial sale?
• Outcome: Advice given
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 7425(c), 7502(f); Treas. Reg. §§ 301.7425-3(a)(1), 301.7502-1(c)(3)

Full text (IRS public release)

ID: CCA-06120638-15
UILC: 7425.00-00

Number: 201545025
Release Date: 11/6/2015
From------------------
Sent: Fri 6/12/2015 6:38 PM
To: ---------------------
CC:
Subject: IRC 7425(c) Notice by UPS or FedEx ok? - GL-107155-15

You requested our views on whether notices of non-judicial sale may be delivered under
section 7425(c) by private delivery services such as FedEx and UPS in lieu of United
States certified and registered mail. In your case, the notice of sale was delivered by
UPS 2nd Day Air to the building mailroom for the address listed in Publication 4235 on
October 17, 2014 for a non-judicial sale held on December 9, 2014. Subsequently,
Advisory received an application for a release of the right of redemption. Based on prior
Counsel advice, Advisory has taken the position that the release should not be
granted. Advisory concludes that the right of redemption didn’t arise and the property
was sold subject to the NFTLs because the notice of non-judicial sale wasn’t delivered
in the required manner. You requested our views on whether this conclusion reflects
our current position. For the reasons stated below, we conclude that the UPS delivery
did not satisfy section 7425(c) in this case.

Under section 7425(c), notice of sale must be given, per regulations prescribed by the
Service, in writing, by registered or certified mail or by personal service, not less than 25
days prior to sale. We have always interpreted “registered or certified mail” as referring
to the registered or certified mail services provided by the United States Postal Service
(USPS), and not to refer to any alternative mailing services. Treas. Reg. § 301.7425-3
(a)(1) provides that “[t]he provisions of sections 7502 (relating to timely mailing treated
as timely filing) . . . apply in the case of notices required to be made under this
paragraph.” Section 7502(f) allows the Service to define, within certain parameters,
“designated delivery services” that serve as equivalents to United States mail service. It
also provides that the Service “may provide a rule similar to the rule of paragraph (1)
[related to regular mail] with respect to any service provided by a designated delivery
service which is substantially equivalent to United States registered or certified mail.”
I.R.C. § 7502(f)(3). In addition, Treas. Reg. § 301.7502-1(c)(3) provides that “the
Commissioner may, in guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin (see §
601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter), prescribe procedures and additional rules to
designate a service of a PDS for purposes of the postmark rule of section 7502(a).”

Section 7502 does not apply here with regard to defining registered and certified mail
for purposes of section 7425(c). The Service has never provided rules pursuant to

2

section 7502(f)(3). The applicable revenue procedure regarding designation of delivery
services specifically states that the designation rules in the revenue procedure apply
only with respect to regular mail, not for purposes of § 7502(f)(3), related to delivery
services to be deemed equivalent to United States registered or certified mail. Rev.
Proc. 97-19, section 3.02. Furthermore, the Service has not to date designated any
services as equivalent to United States registered and certified mail. See Notice 2015-
38 (May 26, 2015). As such, even if section 7502 could be construed to expand the
definition of “registered and certified mail” for purposes of section 7425, no private
delivery services are currently treated under section 7502 as equivalent to registered or
certified mail.

In addition, we considered whether delivery by private delivery services satisfies the
requirement of delivery by personal service. Neither the Code nor the regulations
specifically indicate whether delivery by private delivery services satisfies the
requirement of delivery by personal service. In fact, “by personal service” is not defined
in the Code or in the regulations. Nor is it currently addressed in the Internal Revenue
Manual. Publication 786, Instructions for Preparing a Notice of Nonjudicial Sale of
Property and Application for Consent to Sale repeats the Code. In our view, “personal
service” means delivery by the submitter of the notice, not a third party. The Code
section anticipates that any third-party delivery must be by USPS certified or registered
mail.

In your case, the UPS delivery did not satisfy the personal service or the
registered/certified mail requirement.

If you would like to discuss this further, please contact me.