Multiple trust defects receive S corporation relief

Plain-English summary

An S corporation discovered several defects involving its trust shareholders and original election. One trust missed its ESBT election, another omitted potential beneficiaries and later had a nonresident alien become a potential beneficiary, six related trusts omitted spouses and descendants from their ESBT elections, and a QSST election lacked required information. The corporation also could not locate one shareholder’s consent to the original S election. The IRS concluded that these defects made the election ineffective or would have terminated it, but that the failures were inadvertent under section 1362(f). It allowed the corporation to remain an S corporation from the original effective date, conditioned on a redacted adjustment payment and all required corrective ESBT, QSST, shareholder-consent, and return filings within 120 days.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could the corporation retain S status despite multiple defective trust elections, an ineligible potential beneficiary, and a missing shareholder consent?
• Outcome: Approved
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361, 1362(f); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.1361-1, 1.1362-4

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201545015 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 11/6/2015 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1361.01-03, 1361.03-02,
1361.03-03, 1362.04-00 Person To Contact:
--------------, ID No. ------------------
--------------------------- Telephone Number:
---------------------------------------- ----------------------
------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
---------------------------- CC:PSI:B01
------------------------------ PLR-115132-14
Date:
6/5/2015

LEGEND

X = -------------------------------------

Individual A = ------------------------------------

Individual B = ----------------------------------------

Individual C = ----------------------------------

State = -----------------------

Trust 1 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Trust 2 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trust 3 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Trust 3-A = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

Trust 3-B = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
------------------------
PLR-115132-14 2

Trust 3-C = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                       ------------------------

Trust 3-D = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
------------------------

Trust 3-E = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
------------------------

Trust 3-F = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                       ------------------------

Trust 4 = ---------------------------------------------

Year 1 = -------

Year 2 = -------

Date 1 = --------------------------------

Date 2 = ---------------------------

Date 3 = -------------------------

Date 4 = ----------------------------

Date 5 = ----------------------

Date 6 = --------------------------

Date 7 = ----------------------

$a = ---------------------------------------------------------------

Dear -----------------:
PLR-115132-14 3

This ruling is in response to a letter dated March 28, 2014, and subsequent
correspondence, submitted on behalf of X by X's authorized representative, requesting
a ruling under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code.

                                      FACTS

According to the information submitted, we understand the facts to be as follows. X
incorporated under the laws of State in Year 1 and filed a timely election to be treated
as an S Corporation effective Date 1.

Trust 1 was established and funded with shares of X on Date 2. X represents that Trust
1 was qualified to be an electing small business trust (ESBT). However, the trustee of
Trust 1 inadvertently failed to file a timely ESBT election.

Trust 2 was established on Date 3 and funded with shares of X on Date 4. The trustee
of Trust 2, despite making a timely ESBT election, inadvertently omitted several
potential current beneficiaries.

On Date 5, a nonresident alien married Individual A, a beneficiary of Trust 2, and
became a potential current beneficiary, disqualifying Trust 2 from ESBT treatment. X
represents that no distributions from Trust 2 were ever made to the nonresident alien or
Individual A, and that the nonresident alien is no longer a potential current beneficiary of
Trust 2.

Trust 3 was established on Date 6 and provided for the establishment of six (6)
separate trusts, one for each child of the donor (i.e., Trust 3-A, Trust 3-B, Trust 3-C,
Trust 3-D, Trust 3-E, and Trust 3-F). On Date 1, the trustees of the six (6) trusts made
timely ESBT elections correctly listing each potential current income beneficiary.
However, the trustees failed to list the spouse and issue of each potential current
income beneficiary.

Trust 4, a shareholder of X, filed a qualified subchapter S trust (QSST) election on Date
7 but failed to include the date on which the stock of the X was transferred to the trust.
Furthermore, Trust 4 failed to provide information demonstrating its eligibility to make
such an election.

Finally, in regard to X’s S corporation election, X is unable to locate a consent form from
Individual C, one of X’s shareholders. However, X believes that Individual C consented
to the election at the time it was made. Nevertheless, X would like Individual C to submit
a signed consent form.

X represents that the failure to make the appropriate ESBT and QSST elections for the
trusts, as well as the other errors and circumstances that led to the inadvertent
PLR-115132-14 4

ineffectiveness and/or termination of its S corporation election were inadvertent and not
motivated by tax avoidance or retroactive tax planning. In addition, X and X’s
shareholders agree to make any adjustments consistent with the treatment of X as an S
corporation as may be required by the Secretary with respect to the period specified by
§ 1362(f).
LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 1361(a)(1) defines an "S corporation" as a small business corporation for which
an election under § 1362(a) is in effect for the taxable year.

Section 1361(b)(1) provides that the term "small business corporation" means a
domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have
more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate,
a trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is
not an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more
than one class of stock.

Section 1362(a) provides that, except as provided in § 1362(g), a small business
corporation may elect, in accordance with the provisions of § 1362, to be an S
corporation.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all of
which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of Chapter 1) as owned by an
individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be a shareholder.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that, for purposes of § 1362(b)(1)(B), an ESBT is a
permitted shareholder of an S corporation.

Section 1361(e)(1)(A) provides that the term ESBT means any trust if (i) such trust does
not have as a beneficiary any person other than an individual, an estate, or a qualifying
charitable organization, (ii) no interest in the trust was acquired by purchase, and (iii) an
election under § 1361(e) applies to such trust.

Section 1.1361-1(m)(4)(i) provides that, for purposes of determining whether a
corporation is a small business corporation within the meaning of § 1361(b)(1), each
potential current beneficiary of an ESBT generally is treated as a shareholder of the
corporation. Subject to the provisions of §1.1361-1(m)(4), a potential current beneficiary
generally is, with respect to any period, any person who at any time during such period
is entitled to, or in the discretion of any person may receive, a distribution from the
principal or income of the trust. No person is treated as a potential current beneficiary
solely because that person holds any future interest in the trust.

Section 1.1361-1(m)(5)(iii) provides that if a potential current beneficiary of an ESBT is
not an eligible shareholder of a small business corporation within the meaning of §
PLR-115132-14 5

1361(b)(1), the S corporation election terminates. For example, the S corporation
election will terminate if a nonresident alien becomes a potential current beneficiary of
an ESBT. Such a potential current beneficiary is treated as an ineligible shareholder
beginning on the day such person becomes a potential current beneficiary, and the S
corporation election terminates on that date.

Section 1361(d)(1) provides that, in the case of a QSST with respect to which a
beneficiary makes an election under § 1361(d)(2), the trust is treated as a trust
described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i), and for purposes of § 678(a), the beneficiary of the trust
is treated as the owner of that portion of the trust that consists of stock in an S
corporation with respect to which the election under § 1361(d)(2) is made.

Section 1361(d)(3) defines a QSST as a trust (A) the terms of which require that (i)
during the life of the current income beneficiary, there shall be only one income
beneficiary of the trust; (ii) any corpus distributed during the life of the current income
beneficiary may be distributed only to such beneficiary; (iii) the income interest of the
current beneficiary in the trust shall terminate on the earlier of the beneficiary's death or
the termination of the trust; and (iv) upon the termination of the trust during the life of the
current income beneficiary, the trust shall distribute all of its assets to that beneficiary;
and (B) all of the income (within the meaning of § 643(b)) of which is distributed (or
required to be distributed) currently to one individual who is a citizen or resident of the
United States.

Section 1362(d)(2) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated
whenever (at any time on or after the first day of the first taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation. A termination of an S corporation election under § 1362(d)(2) shall be
effective on and after the date of cessation.

Section 1362(f) provides, in part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) (A) was not
effective for the taxable year for which made (determined without regard to §
1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of § 1361(b) or to obtain
shareholder consents or (B) was terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3); (2) the Secretary
determines that the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination were
inadvertent; (3) no later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the
circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken (A) so
that the corporation is a small business corporation or (B) to acquire the required
consents; and (4) the corporation and each person who was a shareholder of the
corporation at any time during the period specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to
make such adjustments (consistent with the treatment of the corporation as an S
corporation) as may be required by the Secretary with respect to such period, then,
notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, the
corporation shall be treated as an S corporation during the period specified by the
Secretary.
PLR-115132-14 6

Section 1.1362-4(b) provides that the determination of whether a termination was
inadvertent is made by the Commissioner. The corporation has the burden of
establishing that under the relevant facts and circumstances the Commissioner should
determine that the termination was inadvertent. The fact that the terminating event was
not reasonably within the control of the corporation and was not part of a plan to
terminate the election, or the fact that the event took place without the knowledge of the
corporation, notwithstanding its due diligence to safeguard itself against such an event,
tends to establish that the termination was inadvertent.

Section 1.1362-4(d) provides that the Commissioner may require any adjustments that
are appropriate. In general, the adjustments required should be consistent with the
treatment of the corporation as an S corporation during the period specified by the
Commissioner. In the case of a transfer of stock to an ineligible shareholder that causes
an inadvertent termination under § 1362(f), the Commissioner may require that ineligible
shareholder to be treated as a shareholder of an S corporation during the period the
ineligible shareholder actually held stock in the corporation. Moreover, the
Commissioner may require protective adjustments that prevent any loss of revenue due
to a transfer of stock to an ineligible shareholder (e.g., a transfer to a nonresident alien).

                                  CONCLUSION

Based solely on the representations made and the information submitted, we conclude
that X’s S corporation election was ineffective because it had ineligible shareholders on
Date 1. Additionally, if X’s S corporation had been effective, it would have terminated
due to the errors described above. We further conclude that the potential
ineffectiveness and terminations were inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f).
Accordingly, pursuant to the provisions of § 1362(f), X will be treated as an S
corporation from Date 1 and thereafter, assuming X’s S corporation election is
otherwise valid and is not otherwise terminated.

This ruling is contingent on X and its shareholders treating X as having been an S
corporation for the period beginning Date 1 and thereafter. This ruling is also contingent
on the following: Within 120 days from the date of this letter, (1) an adjustment payment
in the amount of $a and a copy of this letter must be sent to the following address:
Internal Revenue Service, Cincinnati Service Center, 201 West Rivercenter Blvd.,
Covington, KY 41011, Stop 31, Terri Lackey, Manual Deposit; (2) The trustee of Trust 1
must file an ESBT election effective Date 2 with the appropriate service center; (3) the
trustee of Trust 2 must file an ESBT election effective Date 1 with the appropriate
service center; (4) the trustees of Trust 3-A, Trust 3-B, Trust 3-C, Trust 3-D, Trust 3-E,
and Trust 3-F must file ESBT elections effective Date 1 with the appropriate service
center; (5) the beneficiary of Trust 4, Individual B, must file a QSST election effective
Date 7 with the appropriate service center; (6) Individual C, a shareholder of X, must file
a signed consent form effective Date 1 with the appropriate service center; and (7) X
PLR-115132-14 7

and all of its current and former shareholders must file any necessary original or
amended returns for Year 2 and all subsequent years consistent with the relief granted
in this ruling. A copy of this letter should be attached to all required ESBT and QSST
elections. If these conditions are not met, then this ruling is null and void.

Except as specifically ruled upon, we express or imply no opinion as to the federal tax
consequences of the previously stated facts under any other provision of the Code. In
particular, we express or imply no opinion concerning whether X is otherwise eligible to
be an S corporation, whether Trust 1, Trust 2, Trust 3, Trust 3-A, Trust 3-B, Trust 3-C,
Trust 3-D, Trust 3-E, and Trust 3-F are eligible to be ESBTs under § 1361(e), or
whether Trust 4 is eligible to be a QSST under § 1361(d).

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) provides that
it may not be used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to your authorized representative.

                                               Sincerely,



                                               Joy C. Spies
                                               Joy C. Spies
                                               Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 1
                                               Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                               (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2)
Copy of this letter
Copy for § 6110 purposes