Organization loses exemption for concealing an accounting business and paying private expenses

Plain-English summary

An organization was recognized as exempt based on plans to conduct social research and provide marriage counseling, lectures, seminars, workshops, and retreats. The IRS found that its creator, a certified public accountant later convicted of filing false income tax returns, used the organization’s employer identification number and bank accounts to conceal receipts from his accounting practice and evade personal income tax. Clients paid for tax and accounting work and were generally unaware of the claimed counseling services, which the examination found were not provided. The organization’s returns reported accounting-practice earnings, while its funds paid business and personal expenses, including credit-card charges, an airplane, flight training, and aircraft maintenance. No records showed meaningful board oversight, and no documentation established charitable activity. The IRS concluded that the organization operated for its creator’s private benefit, that its net earnings inured to him, and that its section 501(c)(3) status should be revoked.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Did the organization remain exempt when it conducted no documented charitable programs and was used to conceal accounting income and pay its creator’s expenses?
• Outcome: Revocation
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 170, 501(c)(3), 6104(c), 7428; Treas. Reg. § 1.501(c)(3)-1

Full text (IRS public release)

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service
TE/GE EO Examinations
1100 Commerce Street M/C 4920 DAL
Dallas, TX 75242

TAX EXEMPT AND

GOVERNMENT ENTITIES Date: MAY 27 2015
DIVISION
Number: 201544028 Person to Contact:

Identification Number:
Telephone Number:
In Reply Refer to:

Release Date: 10/30/2015

LAST DATE FOR FILING A PETITION
WITH THE TAX COURT:
UIL Code: 501.03-00

CERTIFIED MAIL — Return Receipt Requested
Dear

This is a Final Adverse Determination Letter that your organization was not exempt from
taxation under section 501(a) as described under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
Code (IRC). The denial of your tax exempt status is effective February 1, 19XX.

Our adverse determination was made for the following reasons:

You have not established that you are operated exclusively for an exempt
purpose or that you have been engaged primarily in activities that accomplish
one or more exempt purposes.

You have not established that no part of your net earnings inure to the benefit
of any private shareholder or individual.

You failed to respond, appeal or otherwise seek administrative
consideration to our report of examination proposing your revocation
dated September 26, 2014.

Contributions to your organization are not deductible under section 170 of the Internal Revenue
Code.

You are required to file Federal income tax returns on Form 1120. These returns should be
filed with the appropriate Service Center for the year ending January 31, 20XX and for all
years thereafter.

Processing of income tax returns and assessment of any taxes due will not be delayed should
a petition for declaratory judgment be filed under section 7428 of the Internal Revenue

Code.

If you decide to contest this determination in court, you must initiate a suit for declaratory
judgment in the United States Tax Court, the United States Claim Court or the District
Court of the United States for the District of Columbia before the 91st day after the date this
determination was mailed to you. Contact the clerk of the appropriate court for the rules for
initiating suits for declaratory judgment.

The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) is an independent organization within the IRS that
can help protect your taxpayer rights. We can offer you help if your tax problem is causing a
hardship, or you’ve tried but haven't been able to resolve your problem with the IRS. If you
qualify for our assistance, which is always free, we will do everything possible to help you.
Visit taxpayeradvocate.irs.gov or call 1-877-777-4778.

We will notify the appropriate State Officials of this action, as required by section 6104(c) of
the Internal Revenue Code.

If you have any questions, please contact the person whose name and telephone number are
shown in the heading of this letter.

Sincerely yours,

John A. Koskinen
Commissioner

By

Margaret Von Lienen
Director, EO Examinations

Enclosures:
Publication 892

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division

Exempt Organizations: Examinations

4330 Watt Avenue

SA-6209

Sacramento, CA 95821

Date:
September 26, 2014
Taxpayer Identification Number:
UIL Code: 501.03-00
Form:

Tax Year(s) Ended:

Person to Contact/ID Number:

Contact Numbers:
Telephone:
Fax:

Manager’s name/ID number:

Manager’s contact number:

Response due date:

Certified Mail — Return Receipt Requested
Dear

Why you are receiving this letter

We propose to revoke your status as an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the
Internal Revenue Code (Code). Enclosed is our report of examination explaining the proposed
action.

What you need to do if you agree

If you agree with our proposal, please sign the enclosed Form 6018, Consent to Proposed
Action — Section 7428, and return it to the contact person at the address listed above (unless
you have already provided us a signed Form 6018). We'll issue a final revocation letter
determining that you aren't an organization described in section 501(c)(3).

After we issue the final revocation letter, we'll announce that your organization is no longer
eligible for contributions deductible under section 170 of the Code.

If we don't hear from you

If you don’t respond to this proposal within 30 calendar days from the date of this letter, we'll
issue a final revocation letter. Failing to respond to this proposal will adversely impact your legal
standing to seek a declaratory judgment because you failed to exhaust your administrative
remedies.

Letter 3618 (Rev. 6-2012)
Catalog Number 34809F

Effect of revocation status
If you receive a final revocation letter, you'll be required to file federal income tax returns for the
tax year(s) shown above as well as for subsequent tax years.

What you need to do if you disagree with the proposed revocation

If you disagree with our proposed revocation, you may request a meeting or telephone
conference with the supervisor of the IRS contact identified in the heading of this letter. You also
may file a protest with the IRS Appeals office by submitting a written request to the contact
person at the address listed above within 30 calendar days from the date of this letter.

The Appeals office is independent of the Exempt Organizations division and resolves most
disputes informally.

For your protest to be valid, it must contain certain specific information including a statement of
the facts, the applicable law, and arguments in support of your position. For specific information
needed for a valid protest, please refer to page one of the enclosed Publication 892, How to
Appeal an IRS Decision on Tax-Exempt Status, and page six of the enclosed Publication 3498,
The Examination Process. Publication 3498 also includes information on your rights as a
taxpayer and the IRS collection process. Please note that Fast Track Mediation referred to in
Publication 3498 generally doesn’t apply after we issue this letter.

You also may request that we refer this matter for technical advice as explained in Publication

892. Please contact the individual identified on the first page of this letter if you are considering
     requesting technical advice. If we issue a determination letter to you based on a technical
     advice memorandum issued by the Exempt Organizations Rulings and Agreements office, no
     further IRS administrative appeal will be available to you.

Contacting the Taxpayer Advocate Office is a taxpayer right

You have the right to contact the office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Their assistance isn’t a
substitute for established IRS procedures, such as the formal appeals process. The Taxpayer
Advocate can't reverse a legally correct tax determination or extend the time you have (fixed by
law) to file a petition in a United States court. They can, however, see that a tax matter that
hasn't been resolved through normal channels gets prompt and proper handling. You may call
toll-free 1-877-777-4778 and ask for Taxpayer Advocate assistance. If you prefer, you may
contact your local Taxpayer Advocate at:

Internal Revenue Service
Office of the Taxpayer Advocate

For additional information

If you have any questions, please call the contact person at the telephone number shown in the
heading of this letter. If you write, please provide a telephone number and the most convenient
time to call if we need to contact you.

2 Letter 3618 (Rev. 6-2012)
Catalog Number 34809F

Thank you for your cooperation.

Sincerely,

Barbara L. Harris
Director, EO Examinations

Enclosures:

Report of Examination
Form 6018
Publication 892
Publication 3498

3 Letter 3618 (Rev. 6-2012)
Catalog Number 34809F

Form 886A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer TIN Year/Period Ended
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
Issue:
Does , qualify for exemption under Section

501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC)?

Facts:

is recognized as a tax exempt organization under IRC section 501(c)(3).
Form 1023 Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the
Internal Revenue Code was filed in 19XX. Form 1023 was signed by
, a CPA with a master’s degree in taxation.

The Form 1023 stated that activity will be “conducting social research in the
emotional and psychological differences between men and women...and to instruct
married couples about the multiple methods and techniques for wealth accumulation
which may lead to a more stable and enduring marriage or relationship.” Other

activities described on the Form 1023 include “conduct lectures, seminars,
workshops, retreats, and engage in individual counseling.”

who signed the Form 1023, was convicted during October 20XX on
counts of subscribing to false income tax returns for the tax years 19XX,
20XX, 20XX, and 20XX, and is currently incarcerated.

used to conceal business receipts from his accounting practice
in order to evade payment of federal income tax. From 19XX through 20XX
fraudulently reported $ gross receipts of his accounting practice as
receipts of thereby evading personal Federal income taxes of $
Appendices A, A1, A2, A3, and A4 show specific transactions obtained from
bank statements which support these figures.

IRS records indicate that from 19XX to 20XX , CPA, used the EIN of
to report revenue earned by preparation of tax returns while doing business in
the name of . The types and quantities of returns are:

Type of Tax Return 19XX 20XX 20XX 20XX 20XX

Individual
Corporate
Total Returns
Prepared

Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -1-

Form 886A Department of the Treasury ~ Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer TIN Year/Period Ended
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
The Form 990 returns were filed after the examination had been initiated.
The January 31, 20XX through January 31, 20XX Forms 990 returns
were signed by and reported earnings from accounting
practice. Moreover, at direction a K-1 reporting earnings from his CPA

practice was issued to the EIN of

No information was provided to support that the board engaged in any oversight of

or its activities. Form 990 returns identified board members. However,
no board meeting minutes were provided. Consequently no support is available to
indicate that the board exercised oversight of activities.

made false and misleading statements during the examination.
stated that he did not have an accounting practice. He also stated that he
does not give receipts to clients and does not send or prepare bills or invoices to
clients. However, documents indicate that he did invoice his clients in the name of
and for tax and accounting services provided by
his office.

established bank accounts in the name of and used them to
conceal gross receipts of and . The income generated by the
accounting practice was deposited into the bank accounts and the bank account
deposits were reported as receipts of on Form 990 returns.

stated that all of revenue was generated from providing
marriage counseling. However, checks received as payments and deposited into
bank accounts were made payable to and . In many cases the memo
line on the check payments deposited into bank accounts made a reference to
tax returns or accounting services. Clients did not receive marriage or relationship
counseling from or . In many instances clients had never heard of
or the counseling services it provided.

Expenses incurred by the accounting practice as well as personal
expenditures were reported as expenses on Form 990 returns.

stated that the foundation does pay for some of his personal expenses which he
treats as wages. He reported this amount as compensation on line 25 of the Form
990 returns. Part of this amount includes charges made using credit cards. He
stated that he does not keep the calculation which he used to arrive at the reported
compensation.

Many of the expenses of could not be distinguished between business and
personal expenses. used funds to pay for the purchase of an
Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -2-

Form 886 A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer TIN Year/Period Ended
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
airplane, flight training, airplane maintenance, and other expenses incurred in
connection with owning and operating a personal aircraft. stated that the
airplane was used only for activities and that he did not use it for personal
trips. He stated that needed the plane to travel to seminars, counseling
sessions, and radio/TV shows. However, stated that he did not maintain
a flight log.

stated that all the reported gas expense was for car gas and that none
of this was for airplane fuel. No travel documentation was provided to substantiate
the gas expense and refused to further discuss the expense.

Law:

Internal Revenue Code (IRC) section 501(c)(3) exempts from federal income tax
organizations organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific,
testing for public safety, literary, educational purposes, to foster national or international
amateur sports competition, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals,
provided that no part of the organization’s net earnings inures to the benefit of any
private shareholder or individual.

Federal Tax Regulations (Regulations) Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(a)(1) of the provides that
in order to be exempt as an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Code, the
organization must be one that is both organized and operated exclusively for one or
more of the purposes specified in that section.

Regulations Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(1) of the provides that an organization will not be
regarded as operated exclusively for exempt purposes if more than an insubstantial part
of its activities is not in furtherance of exempt purposes.

Regulations Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(d)(I)(ii) of the provides that to meet the operational
test, an organization must be engaged in activities furthering “public” purposes rather
than private interests. It must not be operated for the benefit of designated individuals
or the persons who created it.

Taxpayer's Position:

position is not known at this time. is currently incarcerated.

Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -3-

Form 886 A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit

Name of Taxpayer TIN Year/Period Ended
1/31/20XX

1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX
1/31/20XX

Government’s Position:

is not organized and operated exclusively for exempt purposes as required by
IRC 501(c)(3). does not conduct any charitable activities. Instead,
used to conceal income from his accounting practice and ultimately evade
personal income taxes.

None of activities were in furtherance of an exempt purpose. As stated in
Regulations section 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(1), an organization will not be operated
exclusively for exempt purposes if more than an insubstantial amount of its activities
are not in furtherance of exempt purposes. offered tax preparation and
accounting services which do not constitute exempt activities. was recognized
as an exempt organization to provide marriage counseling services, seminars,
workshops, retreats, as well as engage in individual counseling. However, none of
these services were provided. clients were not even aware that

supposedly offered such services. Checks received as payments showed that
clients were paying for accounting services.

An exempt organization must be engaged in activities furthering “public” purposes
rather than private interests. It cannot be operated for the benefit of its creator as
stated in Regulations section 1.501(c)(3)-1(d)(I)(ii). was operated solely for the
benefit of , its creator. served to conceal income from
accounting practice and aide him in the evasion of personal income tax. As such,

is not in compliance with this regulation.

Net earnings of an organization exempt under IRC Section 501(c)(3) cannot inure to
an individual. disbursements were either for personal expenses or
for business expenses of accounting practice. None of

activities were in furtherance of an exempt purpose. As such, disbursements
constitute inurement to and is not in compliance with IRC
501(c)(3).

Conclusion:

is not organized and operated exclusively for charitable purposes as required by
IRC section 501(c)(3). tax-exempt status should be revoked.

Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -4-