Cash, debt exchange, and merger steps received favorable separation rulings

Plain-English summary

A public company proposed transferring one business to a controlled subsidiary, receiving stock, securities, and borrowed cash, and separating that subsidiary from its shareholders through an exchange offer and possible pro rata distribution. Immediately afterward, the controlled subsidiary would merge with a subsidiary of an unrelated combination partner, and the former distributing-company shareholders would receive combination-partner shares. The IRS ruled favorably on discrete issues involving treatment of the cash distribution and debt-for-securities exchange under section 361, exclusion of specified deductible liabilities from the section 357(c) calculation, and the deemed sequence for shareholders receiving combination-partner stock. It also ruled that cash for fractional shares would be treated as sale proceeds and that market sales of fractional shares would not count as planned acquisitions under section 355(e). The ruling expressly did not address the overall tax consequences of the full transaction.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: How several cash, debt, liability, shareholder, and fractional-share steps would be treated in a business separation and merger
• Outcome: Favorable rulings on all six specified issues
• Key authorities: I.R.C. §§ 355, 357, 358, 361, 368, 1001

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service                                      Department of the Treasury
                                                              Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201542004                                             Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 10/16/2015                                      Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 355.01-00, 355.03-00,
              357.02-02, 361.00-00                            Person To Contact:
                                                              --------------------------, ID No. --------------
-----------------------------------------                     Telephone Number:
-------------------------                                     ----------------------
--------------------------                                    Refer Reply To:
                                                              CC:CORP:B4
----------------------------------------                      PLR-102495-15
                                                              Date:
                                                              July 15, 2015




LEGEND

Distributing         =     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Controlled           =     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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State A              =     --------------

Business B           =     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Retained             =     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business                   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLR-102495-15                                      2

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Joint Venture   =   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Distributing    =   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Debt                -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Controlled      =   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Securities          -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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                    ----

c percent       =   ------------------

d               =   ----------------

Date 1          =   ----------------------

E-month         =   --------------
PLR-102495-15                                3




Dear ----------------------------:

       This letter responds to your letter dated January 13, 2015, as supplemented on
February 27, 2015, April 17, 2015, May 22, 2015, June 12, 2015, and June 24, 2015,
requesting rulings under sections 355, 357, and 361 of the Internal Revenue Code and
related regulations with respect to the proposed transaction described below (the
“Proposed Transaction”). The information submitted is summarized below.

      The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and
representations submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury
statement executed by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the
material submitted in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on
examination.

       This letter is issued pursuant to section 6.03 of Rev. Proc. 2015-1, 2015-1 I.R.B.
1, regarding one or more significant issues under sections 332, 351, 355, 368, or 1036.
The rulings contained in this letter only address one or more discrete legal issues
involved in the Proposed Transaction. This Office expresses no opinion as to the
overall tax consequences of the transactions described in this letter or as to any issue
not specifically addressed by the rulings below.

                                         FACTS

        Distributing, a publicly traded State A corporation, is the parent of a worldwide
group which includes both domestic and foreign entities (the “Distributing Worldwide
Group”), and is also the common parent of an affiliated group of corporations that join in
filing a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return (the “Distributing Consolidated
Group”). The Distributing Worldwide Group conducts Business B and the Retained
Businesses.

       Distributing has outstanding a widely held single class of common stock, and
shares of preferred stock. Distributing has outstanding indebtedness, which includes
among others, Distributing Debt. In connection with the Proposed Transaction,
Distributing formed Controlled as a State A corporation, with a single class of common
stock.

       Combination Partner is a U.S. corporation unrelated to any member of the
Distributing Worldwide Group. Combination Partner conducts businesses that are
complementary to Business B. In connection with the Proposed Transaction,
Combination Partner formed a subsidiary (“Combination Partner Sub”) as a U.S.
corporation.
PLR-102495-15                                 4


       On Date 1, Distributing, Controlled, Combination Partner, and Combination
Partner Sub entered into a merger agreement, agreeing to undertake certain
transactions described in further detail below (“Merger Agreement”). Also on Date 1,
Distributing, Controlled, Combination Partner, and Combination Partner Sub entered
into an Employee Matters Agreement and a Tax Matters Agreement.

                                  PROPOSED TRANSACTION

       For what are represented as valid business purposes, the parties propose to
undertake the following Proposed Transaction steps, pursuant to an overall plan and in
the order set forth below:

      (i)     In order to align Business B to facilitate the Proposed Transaction,
      Distributing will cause Business B to be separated from the Retained Businesses
      in foreign jurisdictions and in the U.S. in taxable and tax-free transactions, and
      certain of the assets related to Business B will be distributed to Distributing in a
      series of distributions of interests in foreign and domestic entities.

      (ii)    Subject to market conditions existing at the time of the Proposed
      Transaction, one or more financial institutions (collectively, the “Financial
      Institutions”) will acquire Distributing Debt. The Financial Institutions may enter
      into hedging arrangements (interest and/or credit risk) with respect to Distributing
      Debt; neither Distributing nor Combination Partner, nor any member of their
      respective affiliated groups, will be a party to such arrangements.

              Financial Institutions and Distributing will enter into an exchange
      agreement (the “Securities Exchange Agreement”) at least five days after the
      Financial Institutions acquires Distributing Debt pursuant to which the Financial
      Institutions will exchange an amount of Distributing Debt for the Controlled
      Securities received by Distributing in the Contribution as described in step (iii)
      (the “Securities Exchange”). The pricing for the Securities Exchange will be a
      fixed ratio determined on the date the Securities Exchange Agreement is entered
      into based on the market price for the Controlled Securities and the Distributing
      Debt on that date. The Securities Exchange will then occur at least 14 days after
      the acquisition of Distributing Debt by the Financial Institutions. If the Securities
      Exchange Agreement is entered into, it is also expected that an underwriting
      agreement with the Financial Institutions will be entered into at the same time,
      pursuant to which there will be an offering of the Controlled Securities to
      investors.

      (iii) Distributing will contribute the assets and entities related to Business B to
      Controlled in exchange for: (i) additional shares of Controlled stock, (ii) the
      assumption of liabilities related to Business B, if any, (iii) cash that Controlled will
      have borrowed from an unrelated financial institution simultaneously with the
PLR-102495-15                                5

     contribution (the “Cash Distribution”), and (iv) Controlled Securities, collectively
     (the “Contribution”). Distributing liabilities which will be deductible or capitalized
     into the basis of assets when paid or incurred, may be assumed by Controlled in
     the Contribution (the “Distributing Deductible Liabilities”). Included in the
     Contribution is the Joint Venture partner’s complete interest purchased by
     Distributing pursuant to the terms contained in the Joint Venture agreement.

              In the event that Distributing determines that the Securities Exchange is
     not reasonably likely to be consummated at the time of the Distribution described
     in step (iv), in lieu of Controlled Securities being issued in the Contribution,
     Controlled may borrow an additional amount of cash to be distributed to
     Distributing (the “Additional Cash Distribution”). Distributing will retain an amount
     of the Additional Cash Distribution to the extent the sum of the Cash Distribution
     and the Additional Cash Distribution exceeds Distributing’s aggregate tax basis in
     the assets and stock transferred to Controlled in the Contribution, reduced by the
     aggregate amount of liabilities assumed (excluding Distributing Deductible
     Liabilities) by Controlled in the Contribution. Accordingly, Distributing may
     recognize some gain on the Additional Cash Distribution under section
     368(b)(1)(B).

     (iv)    Distributing will offer its common shareholders the right to exchange
     Distributing common stock for a specified number of shares of Controlled stock
     (the “Exchange Offer”). If the Exchange Offer is not fully subscribed, Distributing
     will distribute the remaining Controlled shares pro rata to its shareholders. (The
     Exchange Offer and any pro rata distribution are, together, the “Distribution”).

           Distributing will effectuate the Distribution by delivering a certificate
     representing the shares of Controlled entitled to be received by Distributing
     shareholders in the Distribution to an exchange agent. The exchange agent will
     exchange the certificate for Combination Partner shares at the effective time of
     the Combination described in step (v) and distribute the Combination Partner
     shares to the Distributing shareholders entitled to receive Controlled shares.
     Such shareholders will have no right to receive Controlled shares.

     (v)    Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, immediately after the Distribution
     Combination Partner Sub will merge with and into Controlled, with Controlled
     surviving, in a transaction intended to qualify as a reorganization under sections
     368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(E) (the “Combination”).

            Pursuant to the Combination, in order to avoid the expense and
     inconvenience of issuing fractional shares, Combination Partner will deliver
     shares to the exchange agent on behalf of the Controlled shareholders
     representing the aggregate of the fractional shares to which they are entitled, and
     the exchange agent will sell the shares in an open market transaction and remit
     the cash proceeds to the shareholders.
PLR-102495-15                              6


            Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, ignoring cash received in lieu of
     fractional shares, the shareholders of Controlled will receive d shares of common
     stock of Combination Partner which, in the aggregate, will represent c percent of
     the total voting power, and total combined value of Combination Partner’s issued
     and outstanding stock.

     (vi)   Pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement and effective on the date of
     the Combination, Controlled will become a participating employer under an
     existing Combination Partner pension plan, and provided that Distributing has
     made a timely election: (i) liabilities in respect of benefits accrued by various
     individuals currently or formerly employed in Distributing’s Business B will be
     shifted from the Distributing pension plan directly to the Combination Partner
     pension plan; and (ii) assets associated with those liabilities will be transferred
     from the Distributing Pension Plan directly to the Combination Partner Pension
     Plan. If the amount of the net pension liability transferred is less than an agreed-
     upon amount, Combination Partner will make a cash payment to Distributing. To
     the extent a cash payment is received, Distributing will treat an amount of
     Controlled stock with a value equal to the amount of such cash payment as
     having been sold by Distributing to Combination Partner in a section 1001(a) sale
     or exchange for such cash payment contemporaneously with the Distribution.

     (vii) During the E-month period following the Distribution, Distributing will use
     an amount of cash equal to, or greater than, the Cash Distribution (a) to make
     distributions to its shareholders (which distributions could include regular
     quarterly dividends to its shareholders); (b) to repurchase shares of its
     outstanding common stock (which repurchases could be made pursuant to its
     existing stock repurchase plans); (c) to pay its liabilities, whenever incurred
     (which payment could include bank debt, public debt, interest and associated
     fees (such as consent fees) and ordinary course liabilities); or (d) a combination
     of (a)–(c). Distributing anticipates that, pending the distribution of an amount of
     cash equal to the Cash Distribution to shareholders and/or creditors, the
     proceeds from the Cash Distribution will be invested and/or otherwise used.
     Distributing will not set aside or otherwise segregate the Cash Distribution.

            Following the Proposed Transaction, Controlled anticipates being in the
     position to increase its capacity and grow its customer base beyond Distributing.
     However, Controlled will maintain significant simultaneous business relationships
     with Distributing as a customer, supplier, service provider, and service recipient.
     In addition, certain shared manufacturing sites will be retained by Distributing, but
     many of these sites will continue to be used by Controlled. The contracts for
     these continuing commercial relationships are expected to be in place for an
     undetermined long-term period, and will contain terms that are intended to reflect
     fair market rates, determined based on (i) existing Distributing agreements with
     third parties that are similar in scale, (ii) application of a reasonable markup on
PLR-102495-15                                7

     cost, and/or (iii) application of market indices where available, all arrived at by the
     parties bargaining at arm’s length. The contracts will include specifics for
     decision-making and strategy to ensure that the needs of both users are met
     while simultaneously balancing byproducts, co-products, and waste products. As
     part of the separation of the two businesses, it is also anticipated that certain
     services and functions will be provided by Distributing to Controlled, on a
     transitional basis, with the possibility for longer-term extensions executed
     pursuant to pricing determined on a cost-plus basis. (Together, the commercial
     and transition services arrangements are the “Continuing Arrangements”).

                                    REPRESENTATIONS

     a.     The aggregate amount of liabilities assumed (excluding Distributing
            Deductible Liabilities) and the Cash Distribution will not exceed
            Distributing’s aggregate tax basis in the assets transferred to Controlled in
            the Contribution in step (iii).

     b.     Any Distributing debt exchanged for Controlled Securities pursuant to the
            Securities Exchange was not incurred in anticipation of the Distribution.

     c.     The Controlled Securities will qualify as securities for purposes of the
            application of Section 361(a).

     d.     The incurrence of the Distributing Deductible Liabilities assumed by
            Controlled, if any, did not result in the creation of, or increase in, basis of
            any assets of Distributing or Controlled or the stock of Distributing or
            Controlled.

     e.     The Distributing Deductible Liabilities are liabilities accrued by Distributing
            for financial accounting purposes, but will not meet the timing
            requirements for a deduction by Distributing before the Contribution under
            Distributing’s method of tax accounting. The Distributing Deductible
            Liabilities will meet the timing requirements for a deduction by Controlled
            after the Contribution under Controlled’s method of tax accounting.

     f.     The amount of cash received by Distributing from Combination Partner in
            step (vi) will be less than 20 percent of the aggregate value of the
            Controlled stock.

     g.     Distributing will recognize gain on any retained Additional Cash
            Distribution pursuant to section 368(b)(1)(B).
PLR-102495-15                                8




                                        RULINGS

      1. The Cash Distribution in step (iii) will be treated as being distributed pursuant
         to the Controlled plan of reorganization for purposes of sections 361(b)(1)(A)
         and 361(b)(3).

      2. The Securities Exchange will be treated as being distributed pursuant to the
         Controlled reorganization for purposes of section 361(c).

      3. The Distributing Deductible Liabilities will be excluded in determining the
         amount of liabilities of Distributing assumed by Controlled for purposes of
         Sections 357(c), 358(d), and 361(b)(3).

      4. The receipt of Combination Partner shares by a Distributing shareholder will
         be treated for federal income tax purposes as if the Distributing shareholder
         received Controlled shares in the Distribution and exchanged such Controlled
         shares for Combination Partner shares in the Combination.

      5. The receipt of cash by a Controlled shareholder in lieu of a fractional share of
         Combination Partner stock in step (v) will be treated for federal income tax
         purposes as if the fractional share had been distributed to the Controlled
         shareholder as part of the Combination and then had been disposed of by the
         Controlled shareholder for the amount of cash in a section 1001(a) sale or
         exchange.

      6. For purposes of section 355(e), the sale of fractional shares in the market will
         not be treated as acquisitions that are part of the plan that includes the
         Distribution.

                                       CAVEATS

       Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied
concerning the tax treatment of the proposed transaction under any provision of the
Code and regulations or the tax treatment of any condition existing at the time of, or
effects resulting from the Proposed Transaction that is not specifically covered by the
above rulings.

                             PROCEDURAL STATEMENTS

      This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of
the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.
PLR-102495-15                                  9

         In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this
letter is being sent to your authorized representative.

       A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is
relevant. Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this
requirement by attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control
number of the letter ruling.

                                       Sincerely,



                                       _____________________________
                                       Isaac W. Zimbalist
                                       Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 1
                                       Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate)

cc: