Seller receives 75 days to elect out of installment reporting

Plain-English summary

An S corporation was sold in a stock transaction treated as an asset sale under section 338(h)(10), with most payments deferred to later years. That payment schedule made the transaction an installment sale under section 453. Before the return deadline, the law changed to increase capital-gains rates for later years, but the corporation's accountant neither explained the change nor told the seller and shareholders that they could elect out of installment reporting. The IRS found good cause for the missed election because the taxpayers would have elected out if properly informed and were prevented by the accountant's mistake. It granted 75 days to amend the corporation's and shareholders' returns so the full sale amount would be reported in the sale year.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Did the accountant's failure to explain the election and intervening rate change justify a late election out of installment reporting?
• Outcome: Approved, with 75 days to amend all affected returns and report the full sale amount in the sale year
• Key authorities: IRC § 453; Temp. Treas. Reg. § 15A.453-1(d)(3)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201530001 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 7/24/2015 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 453.00-00, 453.06-00,
453.06-06 Person To Contact:
------------------------, ID No. -----------------
-------------------------------- Telephone Number:
-------------------------------- ---------------------
--------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
--------------------------------------------- CC:ITA:B05
PLR-100331-15
Date:
April 22, 2015

LEGEND

Taxpayer = ---------------------------------
Year 1 = ------
Year 3 = ------
Year 2 = -------

Dear -------------------:

This letter responds to your request for a private letter ruling dated -------------------------,
requesting that the Taxpayer be permitted, pursuant to § 453(d)(1) of the Internal
Revenue Code and § 15A.453-1(d)(3)(ii) of the Temporary Income Tax Regulations, to
make a late election out of the installment method.

FACTS

Prior to the sale in December of Year 1, Taxpayer was an S corporation owned by a
number of individual shareholders. Taxpayer used an accrual method of accounting.
Taxpayer was acquired in a stock sale transaction, treated as an asset sale under
§ 338(h)(10), and is now a subsidiary of the acquiring corporation.

Under the sales agreement, the acquiring corporation paid no funds in Year 1, but
agreed to pay a significant amount of the funds two years later, in Year 3, with the final
amount to be held in escrow until later years. Thus, the stock sale was an “installment
sale” under § 453 because, under the terms of the sales agreement, at least one
payment was to be received after the end of Year 1.
PLR-100331-15 2

In Year 2, Taxpayer’s accountant completed and timely filed Taxpayer’s Year 1 federal
return, Form 1120S, and the related Forms 1040 for the shareholders. After the sale of
Taxpayer, but prior to the due date of Taxpayer’s and the shareholders’ Year 1 tax
returns, there was a change in the tax law that increased the tax rate for capital gains
reported in taxable years after Year 1. The accountant, however, did not advise
Taxpayer or its shareholders prior to the due date for filing the returns that Taxpayer
could elect not to report the stock sale on the installment method, nor did the
accountant advise that the tax law had changed.

An affidavit was provided by the president and chief executive officer of Taxpayer, who
was also one of the owners of Taxpayer prior to its sale. In the affidavit, he indicated
that Taxpayer would have elected out of the installment method under § 453 if it had
known that it could, given the tax impact reporting under the installment method has on
Taxpayer, and on him and the other shareholders. An affidavit was also provided by the
accountant who completed and filed the Year 1 Form 1120S and the related Forms
1040 for the shareholders, putting them on the installment method. The accountant
states that she did not inform Taxpayer that it could elect out of the installment method
so that the increased tax rate on capital gains resulting from the change in the tax law
would not apply to Taxpayer’s stock sale. The accountant also states that she did not
discuss with any shareholder the option to elect out of reporting the sale transaction as
an installment sale.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 453(a) provides that, generally, a taxpayer shall report income from an
installment sale under the installment method. Section 453(b) defines an installment
sale as a disposition of property for which at least one payment is to be received after
the close of the taxable year of the disposition.

Section 453(d)(1) provides that the installment method shall not apply to any sale if the
taxpayer elects not to have the installment method apply to the sale. Section 453(d)(2)
provides that, except as otherwise provided by regulations, an election out of the
installment method may be made only on or before the due date prescribed by law
(including extensions) for filing the taxpayer’s return for the taxable year of the sale.

Section 15A.453-1(d)(1) of the temporary regulations provides that an installment sale is
to be reported on the installment method unless a taxpayer elects otherwise in
accordance to the rules in § 15A.453-1(d)(3). Section 15A.453-1(d)(3)(i) provides that a
taxpayer who reports an amount realized equal to the selling price, including the full
face amount of an installment obligation, on a timely filed tax return for the taxable year
in which the installment sale occurs is considered to have elected out of the installment
method.
PLR-100331-15 3

Section 15A.453-1(d)(3)(ii) provides that an election made after the time specified in
paragraph (d)(3)(i) will be permitted only in those rare circumstances when the Service
concludes that the taxpayer had good cause for falling to make a timely election.

In the instant case, the information submitted indicates that Taxpayer would have
elected out of the installment method if it had known that the option was available and
that the change in tax law prior to the due date of Taxpayer’s Year 1 return would have
made this option advantageous to Taxpayer. Taxpayer was thwarted by a mistake, the
failure of its accountant to inform and discuss the option to elect out of the installment
method.

CONCLUSION

Based on careful consideration of all of the information submitted and the
representations made, approval is granted for Taxpayer to make a late election out of
the installment method for the Year 1 installment sale of the business

Permission to make a late election out of the installment method for the Year 1 sale of
Taxpayer is granted for the period that ends 75 days after the date of this letter. In
order to elect out of the installment method, Taxpayer must file an amended federal
income tax return for Year 1 and report the full amount realized on the sale in Year 1
(Taxpayer must also amend any other previously filed returns that report the amount
realized on the installment method). Similarly, the shareholders of Taxpayer must
amend their Year 1 federal returns and each must report the proper share of the amount
realized on the sale on each individual’s Year 1 federal return (and amend any other
year’s previously filed return that is now inconsistent with the election out of the
installment method). A copy of this letter ruling must be attached to each of the
amended returns. If you file the amended returns electronically, you may satisfy this
requirement by attaching a statement to each of the amended returns that provides the
date and control number of this letter ruling.

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced in
this letter, including the computation of gain to be reported under the installment
method.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) provides
that it may not be used or cited as precedent.
PLR-100331-15 4

In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to your authorized representative.

The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and representations
submitted by the Taxpayers and their accountant and accompanied by a penalty of
perjury statement executed by appropriate parties. While this office has not verified any
of the material submitted in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification
on examination.

                                   Sincerely,



                                   William A. Jackson
                                   Branch Chief, Branch 5
                                   (Income Tax & Accounting)

cc: