Inadvertent consent and trust errors do not defeat S corporation status

Plain-English summary

A corporation's S election and its subsidiary's QSub election were ineffective because the wrong people signed shareholder consents for three trusts. A separate shareholder trust later became ineligible after its deemed owner died because the corporation's stock was not transferred to a qualifying trust within the permitted two-year period. The IRS found both the invalid elections and the later potential terminations inadvertent under section 1362(f). It treated the parent as an S corporation and the subsidiary as a QSub continuously from their intended effective date, assuming they otherwise qualified. The beneficiaries of two trusts and the grantor of a third must submit proper consent statements within 120 days.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Can the parent and subsidiary retain continuous S corporation and QSub treatment despite defective consents and a temporary ineligible trust shareholder?
• Outcome: Approved, conditioned on filing the required shareholder consents within 120 days.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361 and 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1362-6(b)(1).

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201516009 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 4/17/2015 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Numbers:1362.01-00, 1362.01-01,
1362.04-00 Person To Contact:
---------------------, ID No. ----------------
----------------------------------------------- Telephone Number:
-------------------------------------------- ------------------
-------------------------- Refer Reply To:
------------------------------ CC:PSI:B3
PLR-123176-14
Date:
November 12, 2014

                                                Legend

X = -------------------------------------------------

Y = --------------------------

A = -----------------------

Trust 1 = ------------------------------

Trust 2 = ------------------------------

Trust 3 = ----------------------------------------

Trust 4 = -------------------------------------------------------------

Trust 5 = ----------------------------------------

State = ------------

Date 1 = --------------------------
PLR-123176-14 2

Date 2 = ---------------------

Date 3 = --------------------

Date 4 = --------------------

Date 5 = --------------------

Date 6 = ------------------------

Dear --------------:

   This letter responds to a letter dated June 10, 2014, and subsequent

correspondence, submitted on behalf of X by its authorized representative, requesting a
ruling under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code).

                                      Facts

   The information submitted states that X was incorporated under the laws of State

on Date 1. X was the sole shareholder of Y on Date 2. X elected to be an S
corporation and to treat Y as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary (QSub) effective Date

2. However, some of X’s shareholders failed to consent properly to X’s S corporation
   election. The trustees of Trust 1 and Trust 2 (qualified subchapter S trusts (QSSTs)
   pursuant to § 1361(d)(1)), and not the beneficiaries of Trust 1 and Trust 2, executed X’s
   Form 2553, Election by a Small Business Corporation, on behalf of Trust 1 and Trust 2.
   Additionally, the trustee of Trust 3 (a trust described under § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i)), and not
   the grantor of Trust 3, executed X’s Form 2553 on behalf of Trust 3. Therefore, Trust 1,
   Trust 2 and Trust 3 did not consent properly to X’s S corporation election. Accordingly,
   X’s S corporation election and Y’s QSub election were ineffective.

   In addition, Trust 4, a trust that was treated under subpart E of part I of
   subchapter J of chapter 1 of the Code as entirely owned by A, was an eligible
   shareholder of X under § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i). On Date 3, A died. Under § 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii),
   Trust 4 remained an eligible shareholder until Date 4. The trustees of Trust 4 intended
   to transfer X stock to Trust 5 on or before Date 4. However, the trustees did not transfer
   X stock to Trust 5 until Date 6. Accordingly, Trust 4 ceased to be an eligible
   shareholder of X on Date 5. Therefore, X’s S corporation election and Y’s QSub
   election, had they been valid on Date 2, terminated on Date 5. On Date 6, Trust 4
   transferred its shares of X stock to Trust 5. It is represented that Trust 5 is a QSST, a
   permissible shareholder of an S corporation, and that the beneficiary of Trust 5 filed a
   QSST election effective Date 6.

   X represents that there was no tax avoidance or retroactive tax planning involved
   

   in the failure of Trust 1, Trust 2 and Trust 3 to properly execute X’s Form 2553 and in
   PLR-123176-14 3

the failure of Trust 4 to timely transfer the shares of X to Trust 5. It is represented that X
and its shareholders have treated X as an S corporation and Y as a QSub since Date 2.
In addition, X and its shareholders agree to make any adjustments consistent with the
treatment of X as an S corporation and Y as a QSub as may be required by the
Secretary.

                                 Law and Analysis

    Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to

any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is
in effect for such year.

   Section 1361(b)(1)(B) provides that the term “small business corporation” means

a domestic corporation that is not an ineligible corporation and that does not, among
other requirements, have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a trust
described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not an
individual.

   Section 1361(b)(3)(A) provides that, except as provided in regulations prescribed

by the Secretary, for purposes of this title (i) a corporation which is a QSub shall not be
treated as a separate corporation, and (ii) all assets, liabilities, and items of income,
deduction, and credit of a QSub shall be treated as assets, liabilities, and such items (as
the case may be) of the S corporation.

    Section 1361(b)(3)(B) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(3)(B), the term

“qualified subchapter S subsidiary” means any domestic corporation which is not an
ineligible corporation (as defined in § 1361(b)(2)) if (i) 100 percent of the stock of such
corporation is held by the S corporation, and (ii) the S corporation elects to treat such
corporation as a QSub.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all

of which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1 of the Code)
as owned by an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be a
shareholder.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust

which was described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) immediately before the death of the deemed
owner and which continues in existence after such death, is a permitted shareholder,
but only for the 2-year period beginning on the day of the deemed owner’s death.

   Section 1361(d)(1) provides that in the case of a QSST with respect to which a

beneficiary makes an election under § 1361(d)(2), the trust is treated as a trust
described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i), and for purposes of § 678(a), the beneficiary of such
trust shall be treated as the owner of that portion of the trust which consists of stock in
an S corporation with respect to which the election under § 1361(d)(2) is made. Section
PLR-123176-14 4

1361(d)(2)(A) provides that a beneficiary of a QSST may elect to have § 1361(d)(1)
apply.

  Section 1362(a)(1) provides that, except as provided in § 1362(g), a small

business corporation may elect, in accordance with the provisions of § 1362, to be an S
corporation.

    Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) is terminated

whenever (at any time on or after the first day of the first taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation. Section 1362(d)(2)(B) provides that any termination under § 1362(d)(2)(A)
is effective on and after the date of cessation.

    Section 1362(f) provides that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) or

§ 1361(b)(3)(B)(ii) by any corporation (i) was not effective for the taxable year for which
made (determined without regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the
requirements of § 1361(b) or to obtain shareholder consents, or (ii) was terminated
under § 1362(d)(2) or (3) or § 1361(b)(3)(C); (2) the Secretary determines that the
circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination were inadvertent; (3) no
later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances resulting in
such ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken so that the corporation for which
the election was made or the termination occurred is a small business corporation or a
QSub, as the case may be, or to acquire the required shareholder consents; and (4) the
corporation for which the election was made or the termination occurred, and each
person who was a shareholder of the corporation at any time during the period specified
pursuant to § 1362(f), agree to make the adjustments (consistent with the treatment of
the corporation as an S corporation or a QSub, as the case may be) as may be required
by the Secretary with respect to this period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances
resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, the corporation shall be treated as an S
corporation or a QSub, as the case may be, during the period specified by the
Secretary.

                                   Conclusion

    Based solely on the facts submitted and representations made, we conclude that

X’s S corporation election and Y’s QSub election were ineffective on Date 2 as a result
of the improper consents to X’s S corporation election. We further conclude that the
ineffectiveness of X’s S corporation election and Y’s QSub election constituted
inadvertent invalid elections within the meaning of § 1362(f). In addition, because X had
an ineligible S corporation shareholder on Date 5, we conclude that X’s S corporation
election and Y’s QSub election would have terminated on Date 5 had X’s S corporation
election been effective on Date 2. We further conclude that the terminations of X’s S
corporation election and Y’s QSub election on Date 5 were inadvertent within the
meaning of § 1362(f). Consequently, under § 1362(f), X will be treated as an S
corporation from Date 2 and thereafter provided that X’s S corporation election was
otherwise valid and not otherwise terminated under § 1362(d). Furthermore, Y will be
PLR-123176-14 5

treated as a QSub of X from Date 2 and thereafter, provided that the QSub election was
otherwise valid and not otherwise terminated.

    As a condition of the rulings, the beneficiaries of Trust 1 and Trust 2 and the

grantor of Trust 3 must each sign a written statement as described in § 1.1362-6(b)(1)
consenting to X’s S corporation election effective Date 2. The written statement(s) must
be filed with the appropriate service center within 120 days from the date of this letter,
indicating that the statement(s) are to be associated with X’s originally filed Form 2553.

   Except as specifically ruled above, we express or imply no opinion concerning

the federal tax consequences of the facts described above under any other provision of
the Code, including whether X was otherwise a valid S corporation and whether Y was
otherwise a valid QSub.

   This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer that requested it. Section 6110(k)(3)

of the Code provides that it may not be used or cited for precedent.

   Pursuant to a power of attorney on file, we are sending a copy of this letter to X’s

authorized representative.

  The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and

representations submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury
statement executed by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the
material submitted in support of the rulings requested, it is subject to verification on
examination.

                                  Sincerely,



                                  Mary Beth Carchia
                                  Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 3
                                  Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                  (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2):
Copy of this letter
Copy for §6110 purposes

cc: