Private Letter Ruling 201516007 Released April 17, 2015 Approved

Housing tax-equivalency payments qualify as real property taxes

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This page covers one taxpayer's ruling from 2015, which can't be cited as precedent. Ezel answers your situation under the current Code and IRS guidance, with citations.

Not precedent. Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3), this written determination may not be used or cited as precedent. It resolved one taxpayer's situation on its specific facts, and identifying details were redacted by the IRS before release. The official IRS release (linked on this page as a PDF) is the authoritative source.

About this page: The plain-English summary and ruling snapshot below were written by Ezel based on the official IRS release. The full text is the IRS's own document.

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Plain-English summary

A cooperative housing corporation was required to make tax equivalency payments to state public-benefit authorities under statutes, an affordability plan, and related agreements. The payments were calculated like ordinary city real estate taxes and funded public purposes rather than a private service, regulatory function, or local property benefit. The IRS concluded that the payments were real property taxes deductible by the corporation under section 164. It also ruled that tenant-shareholders could deduct their proportionate shares under section 216. The ruling considered the shareholder issue in the context of units still owned by the requesting taxpayer until sale.

Ruling snapshot

Question: Are the tax equivalency payments real property taxes, and may tenant-shareholders deduct their proportionate shares?
Outcome: Approved on both questions.
Key authorities: IRC §§ 164 and 216; Treas. Reg. §§ 1.164-2 through 1.164-4; Rev. Rul. 71-49.

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201516007 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 4/17/2015 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 164.00-00
Person To Contact:
------------------------------- ------------------------------
------------ ID No. ----------------
--------------------------------------------- Telephone Number:
---------------------------------------------- --------------------
--------------------- Refer Reply To:
------------------------------- CC:ITA:B02
PLR-123146-14
Date:
December 04, 2014

LEGEND:

Taxpayer = ------------------------------------------------------------------------
State = -------------
City = -------------
Authority 1 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Authority 2 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
Act 1 = ----------------------------------------------------------
Act 2 = -------------------------------------------------
Affordability Plan = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
Building = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Condominium = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------
Corporation = ---------------------------------------------
Date 1 = -----------------------
Date 2 = --------------------------
Date 3 = ---------------------------
Date 4 = --------------------------
Ground Lease = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Land = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------
Project Area = ----------------------
Property = -----------------------------
Revenue
PLR-123146-14 2

Allocation
Agreement = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
Sponsor = ---------------------------------------
Tenant-
Shareholder = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
TEP Agreement = ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Unit Holder = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
X= ---------------------------------------------
Y= -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Z= ------------------------------------------------

Dear ------------:

This responds to letter dated June 9, 2014. In the letter you request a letter ruling under
section 164 of the Internal Revenue Code that payments in lieu of taxes, here known as
tax equivalency payments (TEP), made by the Taxpayer to Authority 1 are real property
taxes for purposes of such section, and that such TEP will be deductible by each
tenant-shareholder of the Taxpayer as real estate taxes under section 216(a) of the
Code, under the circumstances described below.

FACTS:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PLR-123146-14 3

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authority Information

Authority 1 was created by Act 1 as a public benefit corporation for the purpose of
developing housing and economic development in the State. Act 1 exempts Authority 1
from taxation as follows:

     Exemption from taxation. The exercise of the powers granted by this act will be in
     all respects for the benefit of the people of this state, for the increase of their
     commerce, welfare and prosperity, and for the improvement of their health and
     living conditions, and will constitute the performance of an essential
     governmental function and the corporation and its subsidiaries shall not be
     required to pay any taxes, other than assessments for local improvements, upon
     or in respect of a project or of any property or moneys of the corporation or any
     of its subsidiaries, levied by any municipality or political subdivision of the state,
     nor shall the corporation or its subsidiaries be required to pay state taxes of any
     kind, and the corporation, its subsidiaries, projects, property and moneys and,
     except for estate and gift taxes and taxes on transfers, any bonds or notes
     issued under the provisions of this act and the income therefrom, shall at all
     times be free from taxation of every kind by the state and by the municipalities
     and all other political subdivisions of the state.

Act 1 also provides that Authority 1’s powers include, in part:

     to enter into agreements to pay annual sums in lieu of taxes to any municipality
     or political subdivision of the state, in respect of any real property which is owned
     by the corporation or any subsidiary thereof and is located in such municipality or
     political subdivision.

Authority 2 is a subsidiary of Authority 1 and was created by Act 2 as public benefit
corporation for the purpose of operating the Project Area. Act 2 contemplated that,
among other things, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------.

The Act provides, in part:

     [t]he creation of [the Authority] and the carrying out of its purposes is in all
     respects for the benefit of the people of the state and is a public purpose, and
     that [the Authority] will be performing an essential governmental function in the

PLR-123146-14 4

     exercise of the powers conferred upon it by this act. [The Authority] and its
     operations, property and moneys shall be free and exempt from taxation of every
     kind by the city and the state and any subdivision thereof. Except as
     hereinabove provided and except as may otherwise specifically be provided,
     nothing contained in this act shall confer exemption from any tax, assessment or
     fee upon any person, firm, corporation or other entity, or upon the obligations of
     any of them.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The -------------------provides that the Tax Equivalent for Conventionally Financed
Housing is:

     [City]’s then current real estate tax rate times [City]’s then current assessed
     valuation of land and buildings for each Improvement or part of an Improvement
     consisting of Completed Units of Conventionally Financed Housing after
     adjustment …. Such then current assessed valuation for rent and buildings shall
     from time to time be assessed and reassessed by [City] in the manner and
     subject to the limitations then currently imposed upon assessments of like
     properties by all laws and regulations applicable thereto.

The -------------------provides that both Y and City agree that the TEP’s are in lieu of all
local and municipal taxes, including real estate taxes on land and buildings, other than
local assessments. The ------------------provides that Y may sublease any portion of
Project area in order to carry out the development of the Project area. Thereafter, Y
subleased the property to X and provided in the ------------------ that the lessee is
required to make the same payments in lieu of real estate taxes as Y is obligated to pay
to City, which are referred to as TEP in the ------------------.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PLR-123146-14 5

--------------------------------------already paid in respect thereof.

------------------Background

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TEP

The Affordability Plan established certain restrictions on rent increases and sales prices
during the Affordability Plan period which is ------------from the Affordability Plan effective
date of ---------------------------. At the end of the Affordability Plan period, the TEP would
be calculated for all units on the same basis as that for Market Apartments. As noted
above, pursuant to Act 1, Act 2, the Affordability Plan, the Assignment and Assumption
Agreement dated as of the Assignment Date between Authority 1 and Authority 2, and
the Revenue Allocation Agreement, Authority 1 and Authority 2 are exempt from
taxation on property, including real property, but pursuant to the ------------------, Authority
1 is obligated to pay TEP to City. Under Act 2, the Unit Holder would not be exempt
from payment of the TEP to Authority 2:

     Except as hereinabove provided and except as may otherwise specifically be
     provided, nothing contained in this act shall confer exemption from any tax,
     assessment or fee upon any person, firm, corporation or other entity, or upon the
     obligations of any of them.

Act 2, Section 5 of Act 1, the ------------------, the Affordability Plan, and the TEP
agreement collectively provide the authority and mechanism for the payment and
PLR-123146-14 6

collection of TEP. The TEP is calculated in the same manner as conventional real
estate taxes for the “Market Apartments” (conventionally financed) and (after the 30
year Affordability Plan period) “Affordable Apartments” (subsidized/middle income).
The computation of the TEP also reflects all real estate tax deductions and exemptions
for which the qualified tenants in such apartments were eligible, such as STAR and
Veterans Abatements, Senior Citizen and Disabled Rent Increase exemptions, and for
Market Apartments, the Cooperative and Condominium Real Estate Tax Abatement.

Pursuant to Section 4 (B)(i) of the Second Amendment to the ------------------, the TEP is
deemed payable only on the building, and not on the land.

Under the terms of the bylaws of the Corporation, each Tenant-Shareholder shall make
his TEP payment to the Corporation as part of ----------------------------, which are
allocated among all Tenant-Shareholders on a --------------------. The Taxpayer will pay
Authority 1 an annual sum, payable in monthly installments, i.e. the TEP.

Section 164 of the Code allows as a deduction the state, local and foreign real property
taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year. Section 1.164-3(b) of the Treasury
Regulations defines real property taxes as taxes imposed on interests in real property
that are levied for the general public welfare. Assessments for local benefits are not
treated as real property taxes. See Treas. Reg. §1.164-2(g) and §1.164-4.

Whether a particular charge is a “tax” within the meaning of Section 164 of the Code
depends on its true nature as determined under federal law. The word “taxes” as used
in the statute is nowhere defined in the Code, and it must be “given its ordinary and
commonly accepted meaning as established by judicial decisions.” See United Gas
Improvement Company v. Commissioner, 25 B.T.A. 1382 (1932), aff’d. 64 Fed. 2d 957
(1933), Ct. D. 733, C.B. XII-2, 207 (1933). The designation given by local law is not
determinative, and if it is in the nature of a tax, it is not material that it is called by a
different name. A charge will constitute a tax if it is an enforced contribution, exacted
pursuant to legislative authority in the exercise of taxing power, and imposed and
collected for the purpose of raising revenues to be used for public or governmental
purposes. See Rev. Rul. 71-49, 1971-1 C.B. 103; Rev. Rul. 61-152, 1961-2 C.B. 42.

Section 216 of the Code provides that a tenant-stockholder in a cooperative housing
corporation shall be allowed a deduction for amounts paid or accrued to the corporation
within his taxable year representing his proportionate share of real estate taxes paid or
incurred by the corporation. To be proportionately deductible by the tenant-
stockholders, such taxes must be allowable as a deduction to the corporation under
section 164.

Ordinarily, when amounts are paid into a specific fund, they are treated as imposed as a
regulatory measure (such as licensing fees), or as a charge for a privilege or service
rendered. The TEP in the instant case cannot be so treated. They are not exacted for
PLR-123146-14 7

the purpose of regulating or restraining an occupation deemed dangerous to the public,
nor are they imposed as a charge for a privilege or service rendered. They are charges
imposed on the Building by Authority 1 and Authority 2 under the authority provided in
Act 1 and Act 2 to provide for a public purpose. The payments are made in lieu of real
estate taxes, in the manner provided for in the regular taxing statutes whether for
subsidized or conventionally financed properties, in order to provide revenue to
Authority 1 and Authority 2, both public benefit corporations of State for an expressed
public purpose. This is evident from the definition of TEP which describes a formula that
mirrors the computation of traditional City real estate taxes. Accordingly, the TEP
payments do not constitute local benefit assessments which are expressly excluded
from the definition of TEP in the Lease.

The TEPs are measured by and are equal to the amounts imposed by the regular taxing
statutes, and are themselves are imposed by City and then State even though the
vehicle of the leasing agreement is utilized. Although the proceeds from these
payments are paid directly to Authority 1 and shared with Authority 2, as subsidiaries or
units of State, these payments would be deemed as part of State’s general revenue
fund, and they are designated for a public purpose rather than for some privilege,
service, or regulatory function, or for some other local benefit tending to increase the
value of the property upon which the payments are made.

RULINGS REQUESTED:

TEP exacted from the Taxpayer as owner of the ----------------------pursuant to Act
1 and Act 2 and imposed through the instrument of the -------------------with
Authority 1 and Authority 2 is a tax for the purposes of section 164 of the Code.
Tenant-Shareholders of the Taxpayer are entitled to deduct their proportionate
share of TEP as real estate taxes paid by the Taxpayer attributable to the
---------------------- --------------------------.

A taxpayer may not rely on a private letter ruling that has been issued to another
taxpayer. Section 11.02 of Rev. Proc. 2014-1, 2014-1 I.R.B. 1, 50. Therefore, a private
letter ruling addresses only the tax liability of taxpayers who are party to the ruling
request. However, Taxpayer will be the owner of units in the condominium until the
units are sold, and as such, will be liable for PILOT until the units are sold. We consider
Taxpayer’s second ruling request in that context.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

that are levied for the general public welfare. Assessments for local benefits are not
treated as real property taxes. See Treas. Reg. §1.164-2(g) and §1.164-4.

Whether a particular charge is a “tax” within the meaning of §164 depends on its true
nature as determined under federal law. The designation given by local law is not
determinative. A charge will constitute a tax if it is an enforced contribution, exacted
pursuant to legislative authority in the exercise of taxing power, and imposed and
collected for the purpose of raising revenues to be used for public or governmental
purposes. See Rev. Rul. 71-49, 1971-1 C.B. 103; Rev. Rul. 61-152, 1961-2 C.B. 42.

Rev. Rul. 71-49 involved tax equivalency payments to the New York City Educational
Construction Fund, a public benefit corporation, by a cooperative housing corporation.
The payments were applied to debt service on obligations funding public school
construction. The ruling holds that the cooperative housing corporation may deduct the
payments as real property taxes under section 164 because: (1) The payments are
measured by and are equal to the amounts imposed by the regular taxing statutes, (2)
the payments are imposed by a specific state statute (even though the vehicle of a
lease agreement is used), and (3) the proceeds are designated for a public purpose
rather than for some privilege, service, or regulatory function, or for some other local
benefit tending to increase the value of the property upon which the payments are
made. Accordingly, each tenant-stockholder of the cooperative housing corporation may
deduct the payments in the amount of the stockholder’s proportionate share.

Section 216 provides that a tenant-stockholder in a cooperative housing corporation
shall be allowed a deduction for amounts paid or accrued to the corporation within his
taxable year representing his proportionate share of real estate taxes paid or incurred
by the corporation. To be proportionately deductible by the tenant-stockholders, such
taxes must be allowable as a deduction to the corporation under section 164.

The TEP obligations in this case satisfy the three-prong test of Rev. Rul. 71-49 because
they: (1) are imposed at the same general rate at which real property taxes are
imposed; (2) are imposed pursuant to the Affordability Plan; and (3) may only be used
for public purposes.

Accordingly, we hold as follows:

TEP exacted from the Taxpayer as owner of the ----------------------pursuant to Act
1 and Act 2 and imposed through the instrument of the -------------------with
Authority 1 and Authority 2 is a tax for the purposes of section 164 of the Code.
Tenant-Shareholders of the Taxpayer are entitled to deduct their proportionate
share of TEP as real estate taxes paid by the Taxpayer attributable to the ---------
-------------------------------------------------.
PLR-123146-14 9

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) provides that
it may not be used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to your authorized representative.

A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is relevant.
Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this requirement by
attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control number of the
letter ruling.

The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and representations
submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on examination.

                                   Sincerely,



                                   _____________________________
                                   THOMAS D. MOFFITT
                                   Chief, Branch 2
                                   Associate Chief Counsel
                                   (Income Tax & Accounting)

cc:

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Apply this to your situation

This page covers one taxpayer's ruling from 2015, which can't be cited as precedent. Ezel answers your situation under the current Code and IRS guidance, with citations.

On this page

Document type

Private Letter Ruling

IRS subject

Taxes

Topics

Income and deductions

Code sections

§ 164, § 216

Ruling dated

December 4, 2014

Publicly released

April 17, 2015

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