S corporation receives inadvertent termination relief

Plain-English summary

An S corporation had accumulated C corporation earnings and profits while passive investment income exceeded 25 percent of gross receipts for three consecutive years. Those facts terminated its S election under § 1362(d)(3). The corporation said its former tax adviser had not explained the passive-income rules, it always intended to remain an S corporation, and it and its shareholders continued filing consistently with that status. The IRS found the termination inadvertent under § 1362(f) and treated the corporation as continuing to be an S corporation from the termination date. Relief depended on the stated representations and a redacted payment being made within 120 days, and the IRS did not otherwise rule on the corporation's eligibility for S status.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could an S election terminated by three years of excess passive investment income receive inadvertent-termination relief?
• Outcome: Approved, subject to a payment within 120 days
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361, 1362(d)(3), 1362(f), and 1375; Treas. Reg. § 1.1362-4

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service
Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201450014
Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 12/12/2014
Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1362.02-00, 1362.02-03,
1362.04-00
Person To Contact:
------------------, ID No. ---------------- Telephone Number:
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Refer Reply To:
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CC:PSI:B01
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PLR-120264-14
Date:
August 12, 2014

LEGEND

X = ----------------------
--------------------------------------------------

Date 1 = ------------------

Date 2 = -----------------------

Date 3 = ------------------

Date 4 = ---------------------

Date 5 = --------------------------

Year 1 = --------------------------

Year 2 = --------------------------

Year 3 = --------------------------

State = ----------

$a = ----------------

$b = ---------------------------------------------------------
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Dear --------------:

This responds to a letter signed May 5, 2014, and subsequent correspondence, submitted on behalf of X by X’s authorized representative, requesting inadvertent termination relief under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code).

FACTS

According to the information submitted and representations within, X was incorporated on Date 1, under a previous name, under the laws of State. Effective Date 2, the taxpayer changed its name to X. On Date 3, X elected to be taxed as an S corporation.

For X’s taxable years ended Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3, X’s passive investment income exceeded 25% of its gross receipts. Furthermore, X had C corporation accumulated earnings and profits (AE&P) for each of the years stated above. As a result, X’s S election terminated on Date 4.

X represents that it will distribute its AE&P of $a on or before Date 5.

X represents that its previous tax advisor inadvertently failed to inform X of the passive investment rules. In addition, X represents that it has always intended to maintain its S corporation status and that the termination of X’s S election was inadvertent and did not involve retroactive tax planning or tax avoidance. X further represents that X and its shareholders continued to consistently treat X as an S corporation and that X and its shareholders agree to make any adjustments required as a condition of obtaining relief under the inadvertent termination rule of § 1362(f) that may be required by the Secretary.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is in effect for such year.

Section 1361(b)(1) defines a “small business corporation” as a domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more than 1 class of stock.

Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for which the
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corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business corporation.

Section 1362(d)(3)(A)(i) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated whenever the corporation (I) has accumulated earnings and profits at the close of each of 3 consecutive taxable years, and (II) has gross receipts for each of such taxable years more than 25 percent of which are passive investment income.

Section 1362(d)(3)(C)(i) provides that except as otherwise provided in § 1362(d)(3)(C), the term “passive investment income” means gross receipts derived from royalties, rents, dividends, interest, and annuities.

Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any corporation was not effective for the taxable year for which made (determined without regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of § 1361(b); (2) the Secretary determines that the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination were inadvertent; (3) no later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken so that the corporation for which the termination occurred is a small business corporation; and (4) the corporation for which the termination occurred, and each person who was a shareholder in such corporation at any time during the period specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to make the adjustments (consistent with the treatment of such corporation as an S corporation) as may be required by the Secretary with respect to such period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, such corporation shall be treated as an S corporation during the period specified by the Secretary.

Section 1.1362-4(b) provides, in relevant part, that the determination of whether a termination was inadvertent is made by the Commissioner. The corporation has the burden of establishing that under the relevant facts and circumstances the Commissioner should determine that the termination was inadvertent. The fact that the terminating event was not reasonably within the control of the corporation and, in the case of a termination, was not part of a plan to terminate the election, or the fact that the terminating event or circumstance took place without the knowledge of the corporation, notwithstanding its due diligence to safeguard itself against such an event or circumstance, tends to establish that the termination of the election was inadvertent.

Section 1.1362-4(d) provides that the Commissioner may require any adjustments that are appropriate. In general, the adjustments required should be consistent with the treatment of the corporation as an S corporation during the period specified by the Commissioner.

Section 1375 imposes a tax on the income of an S corporation that has accumulated earnings and profits at the close of a taxable year, and that has gross receipts more
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than 25% of which are passive investment income (within the meaning of § 1362(d)(3)).

Section 1375(b)(1)(B) provides that the amount of the excess net passive income for any taxable year shall not exceed the amount of the corporation’s taxable income for such taxable year as determined under § 63(a)--(i) without regard to the deductions allowed by part VIII of subchapter B (other than the deduction allowed by § 248, relating to organizational expenditures), and (ii) without regard to the deduction under § 172.

CONCLUSION

Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude that X’s S corporation election terminated on Date 4, because for three consecutive years, X had AE&P and more than 25 percent of X’s income was passive activity income under
§ 1362(d)(3)(A). We further conclude that the termination of X’s S election on Date 4 was inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f). Pursuant to the provisions of
§ 1362(f), X will be treated as continuing to be an S corporation on and after Date 4, provided X’s S corporation election was valid and is not otherwise terminated under
§ 1362(d). This letter ruling is subject to the following condition: As an adjustment under § 1362(f)(4), a payment of $b and a copy of this letter must be sent to the following address: Internal Revenue Service, Cincinnati Service Center, 201 West Rivercenter Blvd., Covington, KY 41011, Stop 31, Terri Lackey, Manual Deposit. This payment must be sent no later than 120 days from the date of this letter. If this condition is not met, then this ruling is null and void. Furthermore, if this condition is not met, X must send notification that its S election has terminated to the service center with which X’s S election was filed.

Except as specifically ruled upon above, we express or imply no opinion concerning the federal tax consequences of the facts of this case under any other provision of the Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding X’s eligibility to be an S corporation.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer who requested it. According to § 6110(k)(3), this ruling may not be used or cited as precedent.
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In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is being sent to your authorized representative.

Sincerely,

David R. Haglund
David R. Haglund
Branch Chief, Branch 1
Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
(Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2)
Copy of this letter
Copy of this letter for section 6110 purposes

cc: