Calendar year nearest 52-53 week year-end controls W-2 wage limit

Plain-English summary

A corporation used a 52-53 week tax year ending on the last Saturday in December and asked which calendar year's Forms W-2 counted toward the former domestic production deduction's wage limit. Some tax years literally did not contain December 31, creating uncertainty under IRC § 199(b). The IRS applied the special 52-53 week rule in IRC § 441(f)(2)(A), which treats the tax year as ending on the nearest month-end for provisions tied to a specific month-end date. As a result, each tax year included exactly one deemed December 31 and used the W-2 wages for the calendar year ending nearest the actual tax-year end.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Which calendar year's Forms W-2 apply to the IRC § 199(b) wage limitation for a 52-53 week tax year?
• Outcome: Approved, using the calendar year ending nearest the last day of the tax year
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 199(b), 441(f)(2)(A), and 6051(a); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.199-2(d) and 1.441-2(c)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201447027 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 11/21/2014 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 199.02-00
Person To Contact:
------------------------ --------------------, ID No. ------------
------------------------ Telephone Number:

Refer Reply To:
CC:TEGE:EOEG:ET2
PLR-116435-14
Date:
August 19, 2014

TY:-------------------------------

Legend

Corporation = --------------------------------

Dear ------------------

This is in reply to your request for a ruling concerning which year’s Forms W-2, Wage
and Tax Statement, are used for purposes of computing the W-2 wage limitation under
section 199(b) of the Internal Revenue Code for a taxpayer with a 52-53 week taxable
year ending on the last Saturday in December.

FACTS

Corporation computes its taxable income on the basis of a 52-53 week taxable year
ending on the last Saturday in December. Corporation’s taxable year for 2014 will begin
on December 29, 2013, and end on December 27, 2014. Corporation’s taxable year for
2015 will begin December 28, 2014, and end on December 26, 2015. Corporation’s
taxable year for 2016 will begin on December 27, 2015, and end on December 31,
2016. Corporation’s taxable year for 2017 will begin on January 1, 2017, and end on
December 30, 2017. Thus, Corporation’s 2017 taxable year literally does not include
December 31, and thus, absent a special rule, there is potentially no calendar year that
ends during the 2017 taxable year.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 199(a)(1) provides for a deduction of an amount equal to 9 percent of the lesser
of (A) the qualified production activities income of the taxpayer for the taxable year, or
(B) taxable income (determined without regard to section 199) for the taxable year.

PLR-116435-14 2

Section 199(b)(2) provides that the amount of the deduction allowable under section
199(a) for any taxable year shall not exceed 50 percent of the W-2 wages of the
taxpayer for the taxable year. Section 199(b)(2)(A) provides that the term “W-2 wages”
means, with respect to any person for any taxable year of such person, the sum of the
amounts described in paragraphs (3) and (8) of section 6051(a) paid by such person
with respect to employment of employees by such person during the calendar year
ending during such taxable year. Treas. Reg. § 1.199-2(d) provides that amounts that
are treated as W-2 wages for a taxable year under any method shall not be treated as
W-2 wages of any other taxable year.

Section 441(a) provides that taxable income shall be computed on the basis of the
taxpayer’s taxable year. Section 441(b) provides, in part, that the term “taxable year”
means – (1) the taxpayer’s annual accounting period, if it is a calendar year or a fiscal
year; (2) the calendar year, if section 441(g) applies; or (3) the period for which the
return is made, if the return is for a period of less than 12 months. Section 441(d)
provides that the term “calendar year” means a period of 12 months ending on
December 31. Section 441(e) provides that the term “fiscal year” means a period of 12
months ending on the last day of any month other than December. In the case of any
taxpayer who has made the election provided in section 441(f), the term means the
annual period (varying from 52 to 53 weeks) so elected.

Section 441(f)(1) provides that a taxpayer who, in keeping his books, regularly
computes his income on the basis of an annual period which varies from 52 to 53 weeks
and ends always on the same day of the week and ends always on whatever date such
same day of the week last occurs in a calendar month, or on whatever date such same
day of the week falls which is nearest to the last day of the calendar month, may elect to
compute his taxable income on the basis of such annual accounting period.

Section 441(f)(2)(A) provides that in any case in which the effective date or the
applicability of any provision of the Code is expressed in terms of taxable years
beginning, including, or ending with reference to a specified date which is the first or last
day of a month, a taxable year described in section 441(f)(1) shall be treated as
beginning with the first day of the calendar month beginning nearest to the first day of
such taxable year, or as ending with the last day of the calendar month ending nearest
to the last day of such taxable year.

Treas. Reg. § 1.441-2(a)(1) provides in general that an eligible taxpayer may elect to
compute its taxable income on a basis of a fiscal year that varies from 52 to 53 weeks,
ends always on the same day of the week, and ends always on whatever date this
same day of the week last occurs in a calendar month, or whatever date this same day
of the week falls that is nearest to the last day of the calendar month.

Treas. Reg. § 1.441-2(c)(1) provides that, except as provided in paragraph (c)(3) of this
section, for purposes of determining the effective date (e.g., of legislative, regulatory, or

PLR-116435-14 3

administrative changes) or the applicability of any provision of the internal revenue laws
that is expressed in terms of taxable years beginning, including, or ending with
reference to the first day or last day of a specific calendar month, a 52-53 week taxable
year is deemed to begin on the first day of the calendar month nearest to the first day of
the 52-53 week taxable year, and is deemed to end or close on the last day of the
calendar month nearest to the last day of the 52-53 week taxable year, as the case may
be.

Treas. Reg. § 1.441-2(c)(1) further provides that examples of internal revenue
provisions subject to the effective date rule include provisions relating to the time for
filing returns and other documents, paying tax, or performing other acts, as well as the
provisions under section 1561 relating to surtax exemptions of certain controlled
corporations.

The issue to be determined in this case is whether section 441(f)(2)(A) applies to the
taxpayer’s 52-53 week taxable year ending December 30, 2017, so that the calendar
year 2017 is treated as ending during such taxable year for purposes of section
199(b)(2)(A).

Section 441(f)(2)(A) applies to determine the applicability of any provision under Title 26
that is expressed in terms of a taxable year that begins, includes, or ends with reference
to a specific date that is the first or last day of a month. If section 441(f)(2)(A) applies, a
52-53 week taxable year is treated as ending with the last day of the calendar month
ending nearest to the last day of the 52-53 week taxable year.

Section 199(b)(2)(A) provides that the term “W-2 wages” means, with respect to any
person for any taxable year of such person, the sum of the amounts described in
paragraphs (3) and (8) of section 6051(a) paid by such person with respect to
employment of employees by such person during the calendar year ending during such
taxable year.

Section 441(d) provides that a calendar year, for purposes of subtitle A, means a period
of 12 months ending on December 31.

The applicability of section 199(b)(2) is expressed in terms of a taxable year that
includes a specific date that is the last day of a month. Specifically, section 199(b)(2)
refers to amounts paid during a calendar year ending during a taxable year. That is to
say, the applicability of section 199(b)(2) is based on whether the taxable year at issue
includes the end of a calendar year, specifically December 31, which is also the last day
of the month of December. Thus, the applicability of section 199(b)(2) is expressed in
terms of a taxable year that includes a specific date that is the last day of a month
(December 31). Accordingly, section 441(f)(2)(A) applies to determine the applicability
of section 199(b)(2) to a 52-53 week taxable year.

PLR-116435-14 4

Under section 441(f)(2)(A) and § 1.441-2(c)(1), a 52-53 week taxable year is deemed to
begin on the first day of the calendar month beginning nearest to the first day of the 52-
53 week taxable year and end on the last day of the calendar month ending nearest to
the last day of the 52-53 week taxable year. In the case of a 52-53 week taxable year
that ends on the last Saturday in December 2017, the last day of the taxable year is
December 30, 2017. Under section 441(f)(2)(A) and § 1.441-2(c)(1), for purposes of
section 199(b)(2) the deemed end of the taxable year is December 31, 2017, and the
deemed beginning of the next taxable year is January 1, 2018. As a result, each
taxable year for purposes of section 199(b)(2) will include one and only one December
31.

This treatment is consistent with § 1.441-2(c)(1), Example 4, which illustrates the
application of the year end rules under section 1561. Section 1561 imposes limitations
on multiple tax benefits in the case of certain controlled corporations. The application of
the limitations described in section 1561 is determined on the basis of whether a
corporation is a component member of a controlled group of corporations on a
December 31. Example 4 describes a corporation created on January 1, 2001, that
elects a 52-53 week taxable year ending on the Friday nearest the end of December.
Thus, the corporation’s first taxable year begins on Monday, January 1, 2001, and ends
on Friday, December 28, 2001; its next taxable year begins on Saturday, December 29,
2001, and ends on Friday, January 3, 2003; and its next taxable year begins on
Saturday, January 4, 2003, and ends on Friday, January 2, 2004. For purposes of
applying section 1561, the corporation’s first taxable year is deemed to end on
December 31, 2001; its next taxable year is deemed to begin on January 1, 2002, and
end on December 31, 2002; and its next taxable year is deemed to begin on January 1,
2003, and end on December 31, 2003. Accordingly, each taxable year is treated as
including one and only one December 31.

Thus, under section 441(f)(2)(A) and for purposes of section 199(b)(2)(A), the 52-53
week taxable year of the Corporation that begins on January 1, 2017, and ends on
December 30, 2017, is treated as ending on December 31, 2017. Therefore, calendar
year 2017 is treated as ending during the Corporation’s 52-53 week taxable year that
begins on January 1, 2017 and ends on December 30, 2017.

A similar analysis applies to other taxable years. For example, under section
441(f)(2)(A) and for purposes of section 199(b)(2)(A), the 52-53 week taxable year of
the Corporation that begins on December 27, 2015, and ends on December 31, 2016, is
treated as beginning on January 1, 2016, and ending on December 31, 2016.
Therefore, calendar year 2016 (and not calendar year 2015) is treated as ending during
Corporation’s 52-53 week taxable year that begins on December 27, 2015, and ends on
December 31, 2016.

Therefore, we conclude as follows:

PLR-116435-14 5

(1) Corporation is required to use wages reported on Forms W-2, Wage and Tax
Statement, for the calendar year ending December 31, 2014, for purposes of computing
the W-2 wage limitation under section 199(b) for its taxable year beginning December
29, 2013, and ending December 27, 2014.

(2) Corporation is required to use wages reported on Forms W-2, Wage and Tax
Statement, for the calendar year ending December 31, 2015, for purposes of computing
the W-2 wage limitation under section 199(b) for its taxable year beginning December
28, 2014, and ending December 26, 2015.

(3) Corporation is required to use wages reported on Forms W-2, Wage and Tax
Statement, for the calendar year ending December 31, 2016, for purposes of computing
the W-2 wage limitation under section 199(b) for its taxable year beginning December
27, 2015, and ending December 31, 2016.

(4) Corporation is required to use wages reported on Forms W-2, Wage and Tax
Statement, for the calendar year ending December 31, 2017, for purposes of computing
the W-2 wage limitation under section 199(b) for its taxable year beginning January 1,
2017, and ending December 30, 2017.

(5) For any taxable year beginning after the 2017 taxable year (ending December 30,
2017), provided the Corporation maintains the same taxable year (i.e., 52-53 weeks
ending on the last Saturday in December), Corporation is required to use wages
reported on Forms W-2, Wage and Tax Statement, for the calendar year ending nearest
to the last day of Corporation’s taxable year for purposes of computing the W-2 wage
limitation under section 199(b) for that taxable year.

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced in
this letter. This ruling only applies to a taxable year if the taxpayer maintains the same
taxable year (52-53 week ending on the last Saturday of December) for that year.
This ruling does not address the issue of whether any wages reported on the Forms W-
2 used for purposes of computing the W-2 wage limitation for a taxable year qualify as
W-2 wages for purposes of section 199(b). The determination of whether any wages
reported on Forms W-2 for that year qualify as W-2 wages for purposes of section
199(b) is governed by the regulations under section 199.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to your authorized representative.

PLR-116435-14 6

A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is relevant.
Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this requirement by
attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control number of the
letter ruling.

Sincerely,

Lynne Camillo
Branch Chief, Employment Tax Branch 2 (Exempt
Organizations/Employment Tax/Government
Entities)
(Tax Exempt & Government Entities)