Impermissible SIMPLE IRA transfer may be recharacterized

Plain-English summary

A taxpayer relied on a financial adviser’s recommendation to combine a traditional IRA with her SIMPLE IRA. The custodian of both accounts transferred the traditional IRA into the SIMPLE IRA even though that transfer was not permitted. The taxpayer later voluntarily reported the problem through the IRS Voluntary Compliance Program and was directed to seek a letter ruling. The IRS granted 60 days to recharacterize the contribution to the SIMPLE IRA as a contribution to a traditional IRA.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: May the taxpayer make a late election to recharacterize an erroneous traditional-IRA-to-SIMPLE-IRA transfer?
• Outcome: Approved, with 60 days from the ruling letter to complete the recharacterization
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 408(p) and 408A(d)(6); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.408A-5 and 301.9100-3

Full text (IRS public release)

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20224

TAX EXEMPT AND
GOVERNMENT ENTITIES
DIVISION

201446036

AUG 20 2014

SE:T:EP:RA:T3

Uniform Issue List: 9100.00-00; 408A.00-00

Legend:

Taxpayer A = **
Custodian C = ****
Financial Advisor F = ******
Amount 1 = *
IRA X = **********

SIMPLE IRA Y = ************

Dear ****:

This is in response to your request dated April 1, 2013, submitted on your behalf by
your authorized representative, as supplemented by correspondence dated May 12,
2014, in which you request relief under section 301.9100-3 of the Procedure and
Administrative Regulations (the "P&A Regulations").

The following facts and representations have been submitted under penalties of perjury
in support of the ruling requested.

Taxpayer A owned a traditional individual retirement account (IRA X), as well as a
Simple IRA account under Section 408(p) of the Code (Simple IRA Y). Custodian C

2 201446036

served as the custodian of both IRA X and Simple IRA Y. Taxpayer A, as an employer,
established her Simple IRA Plan on forms provided by Custodian C.

Taxpayer A engaged Financial Advisor F to serve as the professional investment
advisor for IRA X and Simple IRA Y. Upon Financial Advisor F’s recommendation,
Taxpayer A consolidated her IRA X and Simple IRA Y in order to simplify the
administration and maintenance of the IRAs. Custodian C rolled over the funds from
IRA X into Simple IRA Y in a trustee-to-trustee transfer on January 31, 2008. The
documents you submitted demonstrate that the amount transferred from IRA X to
Simple IRA Y was Amount 1.

In directing the transfer of funds, Taxpayer A relied on the advice of Financial Advisor F,
and was not aware that the transfer of funds from her traditional IRA to her Simple IRA
was contrary to applicable tax law and could result in the disqualification of her Simple
IRA. Custodian C effected the transfer, despite the fact that under the tax law and the
terms of the Simple IRA plan drafted by Custodian C, a Simple IRA may not accept a
rollover or transfer from a traditional IRA.

You represent that the to the best of your knowledge and belief, your federal individual
income tax return for 2008 is not currently under exam by any district director of the
Internal Revenue Service (the “Service”), nor is any appeals office of the Service or any
federal court presently considering such return. You further represent that the tax
consequences of the transfer to Simple IRA Y could result in a six-year statute of
limitations with respect to the federal income tax return you filed for 2008.

Taxpayer A reported the erroneous transaction involving Simple IRA Y to the Service
through an application to the Service’s Voluntary Compliance Program, but upon the
Service’s advice subsequently withdrew that application and submitted this request for a
private letter ruling.

Based on the foregoing facts and representation, you request a ruling that, pursuant to
section 301.9100-3 of the P&A Regulations, Taxpayer A be granted a period not to
exceed 60 days from the date of this ruling to recharacterize the January 31, 2008
contribution to Simple IRA Y as a contribution to a traditional IRA.

With respect to your request, section 408A(d)(6) of the Code and section 1.408A-5 of
the Federal Income Tax Regulations (“I.T. Regulations”) provide that, except as
otherwise provided by the Secretary, a taxpayer may elect to recharacterize an IRA
contribution made to one type of IRA as having been made to another type of IRA by
making a trustee-to-trustee transfer of the IRA contribution, plus earnings, to the other
type of IRA. In a recharacterization, the IRA contribution is treated as having been
made to the transferee IRA and not the transferor IRA. This recharacterization election
generally must occur on or before the date prescribed by law, including extensions, for
filing the taxpayer's Federal income tax return for the year of contribution.

3 201446036

Section 1.408A-5, Q&A-4 provides that if an amount is erroneously rolled over or
transferred from a traditional IRA to a Simple IRA, the contribution can subsequently be
recharacterized as a contribution to another traditional IRA.

Section 1.408A-5, Q&A-6, of the I.T. Regulations describes how a taxpayer makes the
election to recharacterize an IRA contribution. To recharacterize an amount that has
been converted from a traditional IRA to a Simple IRA: (1) the taxpayer must notify the
Simple IRA trustee of the taxpayer's intent to recharacterize the amount, (2) the
taxpayer must provide the trustee (and the transferee trustee, if different from the
transferor trustee) with specified information that is sufficient to effect the
recharacterization, and (3) the trustee must make the transfer.

Sections 301.9100-1, 301.9100-2, and 301.9100-3 of the P&A Regulations, in general,
provide guidance concerning requests for relief submitted to the Service on or after
December 31, 1997. Section 301.9100-1(c) provides that the Commissioner of Internal
Revenue, in his discretion, may grant a reasonable extension of the time fixed by a
regulation, a revenue ruling, a revenue procedure, a notice, or an announcement
published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin for the making of an election or application for
relief in respect of tax under, among others, Subtitle A of the Code.

Section 301.9100-2 of the P&A Regulations lists certain elections for which automatic
extensions of time to file are granted. Section 301.9100-3 generally provides guidance
with respect to the granting of relief with respect to those elections not referenced in
section 301.9100-2. The relief requested in this case is not referenced in section
301.9100-2.

Section 301.9100-3 of the P&A Regulations provides that applications for relief that fall
within section 301.9100-3 will be granted when the taxpayer provides sufficient
evidence (including affidavits described in section 301.9100-3(e)(2)) to establish that (1)
the taxpayer acted reasonably and in good faith, and (2) granting relief would not
prejudice the interests of the Government.

Section 301.9100-3(b)(1) of the P&A Regulations provides that a taxpayer will be
deemed to have acted reasonably and in good faith (i) if the taxpayer's request for
section 301.9100-1 relief is filed before the failure to make a timely election is
discovered by the Service; (ii) if the taxpayer inadvertently failed to make the election
because of intervening events beyond the taxpayer's control; (iii) if the taxpayer failed to
make the election because, after exercising reasonable diligence (taking into account
the taxpayer's experience and the complexity of the return or issue), the taxpayer was
unaware of the necessity for the election; (iv) the taxpayer reasonably relied upon the
written advice of the Service; or (v) the taxpayer reasonably relied on a qualified tax
professional, including a tax professional employed by the taxpayer, and the tax
professional failed to make, or advise the taxpayer to make, the election.

Section 301.9100-3(c)(1)(i) of the P&A Regulations provides that the interests of the
Government are ordinarily prejudiced if granting relief would result in the taxpayer

4 201446036

having a lower tax liability in the aggregate for all taxable years affected by the election
than the taxpayer would have had if the election had been timely made (taking into
account the time value of money).

Section 301.9100-3(c)(1)(ii) of the P&A Regulations further provides that the interests of
the Government are ordinarily prejudiced if the taxable year in which the regulatory
election should have been made or any taxable years that would have been affected by
the election had it been timely made are closed by the statute of limitations before the
taxpayer’s receipt of a ruling granting relief under this section.

In the present case, Taxpayer A relied on Financial Advisor F’s recommendation to
combine IRA X and Simple IRA Y. The transfer from IRA X to Simple IRA Y was
effected by the financial institution that served as custodian of both accounts, and which
had provided the documents to establish Taxpayer A’s simple retirement account.
Taxpayer A was unaware that such rollover could result in the disqualification of her
Simple IRA Y. Taxpayer A failed to timely make the election to recharacterize the
contribution to her Simple IRA Y because she was unaware that the contribution was
not permissible until after the election period had expired.

Taxpayer voluntarily disclosed the problem with the transfer to Simple IRA Y to the
Service by filing a Voluntary Compliance Program (VCP) application with the Service,
which ultimately recommended that Taxpayer A withdraw such application and request
a letter ruling permitting the recharacterization. Recharacterizing the transfer as a
rollover to a traditional IRA is consistent with the manner in which the taxpayer treated
the transaction on her 2008 tax return. The interests of the government would thus not
be prejudiced by providing relief.

Under the circumstances described above, Taxpayer A satisfies the requirements of
section 301.9100-3(b)(1) of the P&A Regulations. Accordingly, we rule that, pursuant to
clauses (i) and (iii) of section 301.9100-3 of the P&A Regulations, Taxpayer A is granted
a period not to exceed 60 days from the date of this letter ruling to recharacterize the
contribution to Simple IRA Y as a contribution to a traditional IRA.

No opinion is expressed as to the tax treatment of the transaction described herein
under the provisions of any other section of either the Code or regulations which may be
applicable thereto.

This letter assumes that the above IRAs qualify under section 408 of the Code at all
relevant times.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer who requested it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the
Code provides that it may not be used or cited by others as precedent.

A copy of this letter has been sent to your authorized representative in accordance with
a power of attorney on file with this office.

5 201446036

If you wish to inquire about this ruling, please contact ** (ID # ***)
at () -**. Please address all correspondence to SE:T:EP:RA:T3.

Sincerely yours,

Laura B. Warshawsky, Manager,
Employee Plans Technical Group 3

Enclosures:
Deleted copy of this letter
Notice of Intention to Disclose

Cc: ***