Trust-caused S corporation termination treated as inadvertent

Plain-English summary

An S corporation's sole shareholder transferred all shares to a grantor trust and later died. Two years after the death, the trust ceased to be a permitted S corporation shareholder, which terminated the corporation's S election. The trust later transferred all shares to eligible shareholders. The corporation represented that the termination was not tax-motivated, that all parties consistently filed as though S status continued, and that they would make any required adjustments. The IRS treated the termination as inadvertent and allowed S corporation status to continue from the termination date, assuming the election was otherwise valid.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Was the S election termination caused by a trust becoming an ineligible shareholder inadvertent?
• Outcome: Approved.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361, 1362(d), 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1362-4.

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201445004 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 11/7/2014 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1362.04-00
Person To Contact:
----------------------------- --------------------------, ID No. --------------
---------------------------------- Telephone Number:
------------------- ----------------------
----------------------------- Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:03
PLR-112163-14
Date:
July 17, 2014

LEGEND

X = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------

Trust = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

Shareholder = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

State = --------------

D1 = --------------------------

D2 = --------------------

D3 = -----------------

D4 = -----------------

D5 = --------------------------

Dear ------------:

   This letter responds to a letter dated March 5, 2014, and subsequent

correspondence, submitted on behalf of X by its authorized representative requesting a
ruling under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code).
PLR-112163-14 2

                                     FACTS

   X was incorporated under the laws of State on D1 and elected to be an S

corporation effective D1. On D2, Shareholder transferred all of his shares of X stock to
Trust, but was treated as the owner of the X stock under the Code. Shareholder died
on D3, and, on D4, Trust was no longer a permitted shareholder. Therefore, X’s S
corporation election terminated on D4. Trust transferred all of its shares of X stock to
permitted shareholders on D5.

   X represents that the termination was not motivated by tax avoidance or

retroactive tax planning. X further represents that X and its shareholders have filed
consistently with the treatment of X as an S corporation since D1. X and its
shareholders have agreed to make any adjustments that the Commissioner may
require, consistent with the treatment of X as an S corporation.

                             LAW AND ANALYSIS

  Section 1362(a) provides that, except as provided in § 1362(g), a small business

corporation may elect, in accordance with the provisions of § 1362, to be an S
corporation.

    Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to

any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is
in effect for such year.

    Section 1361(b)(1) provides that the term “small business corporation” means a

domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have
more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate,
a trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is
not an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more
than one class of stock.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that a trust, all of which is treated (under

subpart E, part I, subchapter J, chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code) as owned by
an individual (whether or not the grantor) who is a citizen or resident of the United
States (a qualified subpart E trust), is a permitted shareholder.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) provides that a trust that is a qualified subpart E trust

immediately before the death of the deemed owner that continues in existence after
such death is a permitted shareholder, but only for the two-year period beginning on the
day of the deemed owner’s death.
PLR-112163-14 3

   Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) will be

terminated whenever (at any time on or after the first day of the first taxable year for
which the corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small
business corporation.

    Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under §§ 1362(a)

by any corporation was terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3), (2) the Secretary
determines that the circumstances resulting in the termination were inadvertent, (3) no
later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances resulting in
the termination, steps were taken (A) so that the corporation is a small business
corporation, and (4) the corporation and each person who was a shareholder of the
corporation at any time during the period specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to
make such adjustments (consistent with the treatment of the corporation as an S
corporation) as may be required by the Secretary with respect to such period, then,
notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in the termination, the corporation will be
treated as an S corporation during the period specified by the Secretary.

   Section 1.1362-4(b) provides, in relevant part, that for purposes of § 1.1362-4(a),

the determination of whether a termination was inadvertent is made by the
Commissioner. The corporation has the burden of establishing that under the relevant
facts and circumstances the Commissioner should determine that the termination was
inadvertent. The fact that the terminating event was not reasonably within the control of
the corporation or was not part of a plan to terminate the election, or the fact that the
terminating event or circumstance took place without the knowledge of the corporation,
notwithstanding its due diligence to safeguard itself against such an event or
circumstance, tends to establish that the termination was inadvertent.

   Section 1.1362-4(d) provides, in part, that the Commissioner may require any

adjustments that are appropriate. In general, the adjustments should be consistent with
the treatment of the corporation as an S corporation during the period specified by the
Commissioner.

                                  CONCLUSION

   Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude

that X’s S corporation election terminated on D4. We also conclude that the
circumstances resulting in the termination were inadvertent within the meaning of
§ 1362(f). Accordingly, under § 1362(f), X will be treated as an S corporation from D4
and thereafter, provided X’s S corporation election was otherwise valid and has not
otherwise terminated under § 1362(d).
PLR-112163-14 4

   Except as specifically ruled above, we express no opinion concerning the federal

tax consequences of the facts described above under any other provisions of the Code.
Specifically, we express no opinion regarding X’s eligibility to be an S corporation.

  This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer that requested it. Section 6110(k)(3)

provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

  In accordance with a power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending a

copy of this letter to X’s authorized representative.

                                  Sincerely,



                                  Richard T. Probst
                                  Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 3
                                  Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                  (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2):

  Copy of this letter
  Copy for § 6110 purposes