Multiple missed QSST elections receive inadvertent termination relief

Plain-English summary

An S corporation's shares moved through a series of trusts after the deaths of two grantors. Several successor trusts and separate trust shares otherwise qualified as QSSTs, but their income beneficiaries did not timely file the required elections. The first failures terminated the corporation's S election, while later transfers would have caused additional terminations if S status had still been in effect. The corporation and trusts consistently filed under S corporation and QSST treatment, and the failures were represented as inadvertent and unrelated to tax avoidance. The IRS granted relief and treated the corporation as continuously maintaining S status. Relief is conditioned on the beneficiaries filing QSST elections for five trusts effective when each received the shares, all within 120 days and with the ruling attached.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Can the corporation retain continuous S status despite multiple missed QSST elections after successive trust transfers?
• Outcome: Approved
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(c) and (d) and 1362(f); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.1361-1 and 1.1362-4

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201444008 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 10/31/2014 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1362.04-00
Person To Contact:
---------------------- ---------------------------, ID No. ---------------
------------------------------------ ----------------
------------------------- Telephone Number:
-------------------------- --------------------
Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:02
PLR-106360-14
Date:
June 02, 2014

Legend

X = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
State = ------------
A = ---------------------
B = ---------------------------
Trust 1 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
Trust 2 = ---------------------------------------
Trust 3 = ---------------------------------------------
Trust 4 = -----------------------------------------
Trust 5 = ------------------------------------------------
Trust 6 = ---------------------------------
Date 1 = ------------------
Date 2 = ---------------------
Date 3 = -----------------------
Date 4 = --------------------------
Date 5 = --------------------------
Date 6 = ------------------------
Date 7 = --------------------------
Date 8 = --------------------------

Dear -------------:

  This responds to a letter dated January 30, 2014, and subsequent

correspondence submitted on behalf of X by X’s authorized representative, requesting
inadvertent termination relief under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code.

  The information submitted states that X was incorporated under the laws of State

on Date 1 and elected to be an S corporation effective Date 2. Pursuant to an

PLR-106360-14 2

agreement dated Date 3, A and B, established Trust 1, a revocable trust treated as a
wholly-owned grantor trust under §§ 671 and 676. A and B transferred shares of X
stock to Trust 1.

    On Date 4, A died and Trust 1 ceased to be a grantor trust with respect to A’s

interest, but continued to qualify as an eligible S corporation shareholder under
§ 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) for the 2 year period beginning on the day of the deemed owner’s
death. On Date 5, by operation of the governing instrument of Trust 1, shares of X were
transferred to Trust 2, Trust 3, and Trust 4. X represents that the trusts qualified to elect
to be treated as qualified subchapter S trusts (QSST), however, the sole income
beneficiaries of the separate shares of each trust failed to make timely QSST elections
within the meaning of § 1361(d)(2) thereby causing X’s S corporation election to
terminate on Date 5.

   On Date 6, B died and Trust 1 ceased to be a grantor trust with respect to B’s

interest, but continued to qualify as an eligible S corporation shareholder under
§ 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) for the 2 year period beginning on the day of the deemed owner’s
death. X represents that Trust 1 qualified to elect to be treated as a QSST; however,
the sole income beneficiaries of the separate shares of the trust failed to make a timely
QSST elections within the meaning of § 1361(d)(2). The failure to make the QSST
elections would have terminated X’s S corporation election had it not already been
terminated.

   On Date 7, by operation of the governing instrument of Trust 1, shares of X were

transferred to Trust 5. On Date 8, Trust 4 transferred shares of X to Trust 6. X
represents that Trust 5 and Trust 6 qualified to elect to be treated as QSSTs; however,
the sole income beneficiaries of the separate shares of the trusts failed to make timely
QSST elections within the meaning of § 1361(d)(2). The failure to make the QSST
elections would have terminated X’s S corporation election had it not already been
terminated.

   X represents that all circumstances resulting in the termination of X’s S

corporation election were inadvertent and not motivated by tax avoidance. X further
represents that X filed returns consistent with X’s status as an S corporation. X also
represents that Trust 2, Trust 3, Trust 4, Trust 5, and Trust 6 filed returns consistent
with rules applicable to QSSTs. X and its shareholders agreed to make such
adjustments (consistent with the treatment of X as an S corporation) as may be required
by the Secretary.

    Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to

any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is
in effect for such year.

PLR-106360-14 3

   Section 1361(b)(1)(B) provides that, for purposes of subchapter S, the term

“small business corporation” means a domestic corporation which is not an ineligible
corporation and which does not have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a
trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not
an individual.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all

of which is treated (under subpart E of part 1 of subchapter J of chapter 1) as owned by
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be an S corporation
shareholder.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) and § 1.1361-1(b)(1)(ii) provide that, for purposes of

§ 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust that is described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) immediately before the
death of the deemed owner and that continues in existence after such death is a
permitted S corporation shareholder, but only for the two-year period beginning on the
day of the deemed owner’s death. Section 1.1361-1(h)(3)(i)(B) provides that if stock is
held by a trust described in § 1.1361-1(h)(1)(ii), the estate of the deemed owner is
generally treated as the shareholder as of the day of the deemed owner’s death.

   Section 1361(d)(1) provides that a QSST, whose beneficiary makes an election

under § 1361(d)(2), will be treated as a trust described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i), and the
beneficiary of such trust shall be treated as the owner (for purposes of § 678(a)) of that
portion of the trust which consist of stock in an S corporation with respect to which the
election under § 1361(d)(2) is made.

    Section 1.1361-1(j)(3) provides that for purposes of § 1361(c) and § 1361(d), a

substantially separate and independent share of a trust, within the meaning of § 663(c)
and the regulations thereunder is treated as a separate trust. For a separate share
which holds S corporation stock to qualify as a QSST, the terms of the trust applicable
to that separate share must meet the QSST requirements stated in § 1.1361-1(j)(1)(i)
and (ii).

   Section 1.1361-1(j)(6)(ii) provides that the current income beneficiary of the trust

must make the election under § 1361(d)(2) by signing and filing with the service center
where the corporation files its income tax return the applicable form or a statement
including the information listed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(ii).

  Section 1362(d)(2) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated

whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation.

  Section 1362(f) provides that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any

corporation was terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3), (2) the Secretary determines that

PLR-106360-14 4

the circumstances resulting in such termination were inadvertent, (3) no later than a
reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances resulting in such
termination, steps were taken so that the corporation for which the termination occurred
is a small business corporation, and (4) the corporation for which the termination
occurred, and each person who was a shareholder in such corporation at any time
during the period specified pursuant to 1362(f), agrees to make such adjustments
(consistent with the treatment of such corporation as an S corporation) as may be
required by the Secretary with respect to such period, then, notwithstanding the
circumstances resulting in such termination, such corporation shall be treated as an S
corporation during the period specified by the Secretary.

   Section 1.1362-4(b) provides, in relevant part, that for purposes of § 1.1362-4(a),

the determination of whether a termination was inadvertent is made by the
Commissioner. The corporation has the burden of establishing that under the relevant
facts and circumstances the Commissioner should determine that the termination was
inadvertent. The fact that the terminating event was not reasonably within the control of
the corporation and was not part of a plan to terminate the election, or the fact that the
terminating event or circumstance took place without the knowledge of the corporation,
notwithstanding its due diligence to safeguard itself against such an event or
circumstance, tends to establish that the termination was inadvertent.

   Section 1.1362-4(d) provides, in part, that the Commissioner may require any

adjustments that are appropriate. In general, the adjustments should be consistent with
the treatment of the corporation as an S corporation during the period specified by the
Commissioner.

   Based solely on the facts submitted and representations made, we conclude that

X’s S corporation election terminated beginning on Date 5, when the stock in X was
transferred to Trust 2, Trust 3, and Trust 4 because the income beneficiaries of Trust 2,
Trust 3, and Trust 4 failed to timely file the required QSST elections under § 1361(d)(2).
We further conclude that the termination was inadvertent within the meaning of
§ 1362(f). Moreover, had X’s S corporation election not already terminated, it would
have terminated on each of the following dates: Date 7 and Date 8. Similarly, these
terminating events would have been inadvertent terminations within the meaning of
§ 1362(f).

    Therefore, we conclude that X will continue to be treated as an S corporation for

the period from Date 5 provided that X’s S corporation election was valid and was not
otherwise terminated under § 1362(d). This ruling is conditioned upon the income
beneficiaries of Trust 2, Trust 3, Trust 4, Trust 5, and Trust 6 filing a QSST election for
each trust effective upon the date the trust received shares of X. All elections must be
filed with the appropriate service center within 120 days of the date of this ruling. A
copy of this letter should be attached to each QSST election.

PLR-106360-14 5

    Except as expressly provided herein, we express or imply no opinion concerning

the tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced
in this letter. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding whether X is
otherwise eligible to be treated as an S corporation or whether Trust 1, Trust 2, Trust 3,
Trust 4, Trust 5, and Trust 6 are eligible to be treated as a QSST. This ruling is directed
only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code provides that it may
not be used or cited as precedent. Pursuant to a power of attorney on file, a copy of
this letter is being sent to X’s authorized representative.

                                  Sincerely,



                                  Bradford R. Poston
                                  Senior Counsel, Branch 2
                                  (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2)
Copy of this Letter
Copy for § 6110 purposes

cc: