Alternative basis recovery approved for contingent sale

Plain-English summary

A partnership's disregarded subsidiary sold another disregarded subsidiary for an initial payment, assumed liabilities, and formula-based contingent payments over seven years. The normal installment-sale rule would allocate basis equally across those years. Based on the acquired company's historical growth, that method would substantially defer basis recovery, producing a disproportionately large gain in the first year and a large loss in the final year. The taxpayer proposed allocating basis to each payment in proportion to the estimated aggregate payments over the installment obligation. The IRS found the method reasonable, concluded that it would recover basis more than twice as fast as the normal rule, and approved its use.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: May the taxpayer use its proposed alternative basis-recovery method for the contingent installment sale?
• Outcome: Approved
• Key authorities: IRC § 453; Temp. Treas. Reg. § 15A.453-1(c)(3) and (7)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201417006 [Third Party Communication:
Release Date: 4/25/2014 Date of Communication: Month DD, YYYY]
Index Number: 453.09-01
Person To Contact:
-------------------- ----------------------------, ID No. --------------
------------------- -----------------
------------------------------------------ Telephone Number:
----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------
---------------------------- Refer Reply To:
-------------------------------- CC:ITA:B05
PLR-136271-13
Date:
January 08, 2014

              TY: -------

Legend

Taxpayer = -----------------------------------------------------------------------

                                         ------------------------

State A = --------------------

Company A =-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Company B = ----------------------------------

Company C = -----------------------.

Date 1 = -------------------

Type 1 = ------------------------------------

$d = ----

$e = ----------------

$f = ----------------

$g = ----------------

$h = ----------------

PLR-136271-13 2

$i = ------------------

$j = ------------------

$k = ------------------

$x = ------------------

$y = ------------------

z = -------

$1 = ------------------

Criteria 1 = ---------------------------------

Criteria 2 = ------------------------------

Criteria 3 = --------------------

Year 1 = -------

Year 2 = -------

Year 3 = -------

Year 4 = -------

Year 5 = -------

Year 6 = -------

Year 7 = -------

Dear --------------:

This is in response to your request dated August 16, 2013, on behalf of Taxpayer for a
private letter ruling requesting permission to use an alternative method of basis
recovery under § 15A.453-1(c)(7)(ii) of the Temporary Income Tax Regulations to report
payments from a contingent payment installment sale. This ruling is requested because
you believe the normal basis recovery rule of § 453 of the Code and the regulations
thereunder will substantially and inappropriately defer recovery of basis. In accordance

PLR-136271-13 3

with § 15A.453-1(c)(7)(ii), Taxpayer filed its ruling request prior to the due date
(including extensions) of its Year 1 tax return.

FACTS:

The Taxpayer is a State A limited liability corporation, taxed as a partnership for federal
income tax purposes. The Taxpayer uses an accrual method of accounting and has a
taxable year ending December 31.

Taxpayer owns 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Company
A, a State A disregarded single member limited liability company engaged in providing
Type 1 services. Company A owned 100% of the issued and outstanding membership
interests of Company B, a State A disregarded single member limited liability company.
Company B is a Type 1 services company.

On Date 1 Company A entered into a purchase agreement with an unrelated third party,
Company C, a State A corporation, taxed as a C corporation for federal income tax
purposes pursuant to which Company A agreed to sell 100% of its membership
interests in Company B to Company C. Company A, Company B, and Company C use
an accrual method of accounting and have taxable years ending December 31.

The purchase price paid to Company A by Company C consisted of an initial closing
payment in $x amount, which was received by Company A in Year 1. In addition,
Company C assumed $y of Company B’s liabilities. The purchase price agreement also
provides that Company C has a possibility of paying Company A contingent payments
in Year 2 through Year 7. These contingent payments are formula driven and represent
a formulaic method of rewarding Company A for its efforts in Criteria 1and Criteria 2.
Effectively, the formula results in payments from Company C to Company A only if
Company B continues to grow (i.e., has relative increases in Criteria 3 compared to
prior years).

Company B has a historic growth rate of z percent. Based on this historic growth rate,
Company A estimates that the contingent payments to be received in Year 2 through
Year 7 will consist of the following amounts:

Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Total
$d $d $e $f $g $h $i

In total, Company A estimates, based on the z percent historical growth rate, that the
purchase price it will receive in exchange for the sale of 100 percent of its ownership
interests in Company B will be $j ($x in cash upon execution, $y in assumed liabilities
and $i in contingent payments). Further, Company B’s tax basis in its assets at the time
of sale was $k.

PLR-136271-13 4

Taxpayer requests a ruling that it be permitted to use an alternative method of basis
recovery (as described below) under § 15A.453-1(c)(7)(ii) to report payments from the
contingent payment sale by Company A of 100 percent of its membership interests in
Company B to Company C because the normal basis recovery rule set forth in §
15A.453-1(c)(3)(i) will substantially and inappropriately defer recovery of basis based on
Taxpayer’s historic growth rate. Pursuant to § 15A.453-1(c)(7)(ii), Taxpayer asserts that
its proposed alternative method of basis recovery is a reasonable method of ratably
recovering basis, and that over time Taxpayer likely will recover basis at a rate at least
twice as fast as the rate at which basis would have been recovered under the otherwise
applicable normal basis recovery rule.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 453(a) of the Code provides as a general rule that income from an installment
sale shall be taken into account under the installment method for federal income tax
purposes. Section 453(b)(1) defines the term "installment sale" to mean a disposition of
property if at least one payment is to be received after the close of the taxable year in
which the disposition occurs. The term "installment method" is defined in section 453(c)
as a method under which the income recognized for any taxable year from a disposition
is that proportion of the payments received in that year which the gross profit (realized
or to be realized when the payment is completed) bears to the total contract price.

Section 453(j)(2) provides that the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe regulations
providing for ratable basis recovery in transaction where the gross profit or the total
contract price (or both) cannot be readily ascertained.

Section 15A.453-1(c)(1) defines a "contingent payment sale" as a sale or other
disposition of property in which the aggregate selling price cannot be determined by the
close of the taxable year in which such sale or other disposition occurs. Unless a
taxpayer makes an election under section 15a.453-1(d)(3), contingent payment sales
are to be reported on the installment method.

Section 15A.453-1(c)(2)(i)(A) provides that a contingent payment sale will be treated as
having a maximum selling price if, under the terms of the agreement, the maximum
amount of sales proceeds that may be received by the taxpayer can be determined as
of the end of the taxable year in which the sale or other disposition occurs. Generally,
the taxpayer’s basis shall be allocated to payments received and to be received by
treating the stated maximum selling price as the selling price for purposes of §15A.453-
1(b). If, however, application of the foregoing rules in a particular case would
substantially and inappropriately accelerate or defer recovery of the taxpayer’s basis, a
special rule will apply.

Taxpayer has made an installment sale for a fixed period but for a contingent sales
price. Accordingly, Taxpayer is subject to the rules of §15A.453-1(c)(3)(i). That section

PLR-136271-13 5

provides generally that when a stated maximum selling price cannot be determined as
of the close of the taxable year in which the sale or other disposition occurs, but the
maximum period over which payments may be received under the contingent sale price
agreement is fixed, the taxpayer's basis shall be allocated to the taxable years in which
payments are to be received in equal annual increments.

Additionally, §15A.453-1(c)(3)(i) provides generally that if in any taxable year no
payment is received or the payment received is less than the basis allocated to that
year, no loss shall be allowed unless the taxable year is the final payment year under
the agreement. When no loss is allowed, the unrecovered portion of basis allocated to
the taxable year is carried forward to the next succeeding taxable year.

Section 15A.453-1(c)(3)(i) further provides that a special rule under section 15A.453-
1(c)(7) will apply if application of the foregoing general rules would substantially and
inappropriately accelerate or defer recovery of the taxpayer's basis in a particular case.

Section 15A.453-1(c)(7)(i) provides that the normal basis recovery rules set forth in
§15A.453-1(c)(3) may, with respect to a particular contingent payment sale,
substantially and inappropriately defer recovery of the taxpayer's basis.

Section 15A.453-1(c)(7)(ii) provides that the taxpayer may use an alternative method of
basis recovery if the taxpayer is able to demonstrate, prior to the due date of the return
including extensions for the taxable year in which the first payment is received, that
application of the normal basis recovery rule will substantially and inappropriately defer
recovery of basis. To demonstrate that application of the normal basis recovery rule will
substantially and inappropriately defer recover of basis, the taxpayer must show (A) that
the alternative method is a reasonable method of ratably recovering basis, and (B) that,
under that method, it is reasonable to conclude that over time the taxpayer likely will
recover basis at a rate twice as fast as the rate at which basis would have been
recovered under the otherwise applicable normal basis recovery rule. The taxpayer
must receive a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service before using an alternative
method of basis recovery.

Section 15a.453-1(c)(7)(ii) further provides that the taxpayer must file the request for a
ruling prior to the due date for the return including extensions. In demonstrating that
application of the normal basis recovery rule would substantially and inappropriately
defer recovery of the taxpayer's basis, the taxpayer in appropriate circumstances may
rely upon contemporaneous or immediate past relevant sales, profit, or other factual
data that are subject to verification. The taxpayer ordinarily is not permitted to rely upon
projections of future productivity, receipts, profits, or the like. However, in special
circumstances a reasonable projection may be acceptable based upon a specific event
that has already occurred.

PLR-136271-13 6

Based on historical growth rates, Company A expects to receive the following payments
in the years noted below:

                                        Year                Amount
                                        Year 1              $x and $y
                                        Year 2              $d
                                        Year 3              $d
                                        Year 4              $e
                                        Year 5              $f
                                        Year 6              $g
                                        Year 7              $h
                                        Total               $j

Pursuant to §15A.453-1(c)(3)(i), when a stated maximum selling price cannot be
determined as of the close of the taxable year in which a sale or other disposition
occurs, but the maximum period over which payments may be received under the
contingent sales price agreement is fixed, the taxpayer’s basis (inclusive of selling
expenses) shall be allocated to the taxable years in which payment may be received
under the agreement in equal annual increments. Because in this case the stated
maximum selling price was not determinable as of the close of Year 1, but the maximum
period over which the payments may be received under the contingent purchase
agreement is fixed (i.e., 7 years), under the normal basis recovery rule, the Taxpayer’s
basis should be allocated to the taxable years in which payment may be received under
the purchase agreement in equal annual increments. The application of this rule,
assuming a future growth rate of z percent based on Company B’s historic growth rate,
is illustrated in Scenario 1 below:

Scenario 1 - Equal Yearly Basis Recovery

                            Amounts
                            Received/                   Annual Equal                                Amount of             Percentage
     Beginning              Estimated to be             Basis                                       Basis                 of Total

Year Basis Received Recovery Ending Basis Deferred Basis Used
------ -------------------- ------------------- -------------------
---- ----- ------------------------- ---- ------ -------- ---------
------ -------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
---- ----- -------- ---- ------ ---- -------
------ -------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
---- ----- -------- ---- ------ ---- -------
------ -------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
---- ----- ----------------------- ---- ------ ---- -------
------ -------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
---- ----- ----------------------- ---- ------ ---- ---------
------ -------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
---- ----- ----------------------- ---- ------ ---- -------

PLR-136271-13 7

------ -------------------- ------------------- -------------------
---- ----- ----------------------- ---- ------ -------- ---------
-------------------
Total ------------------------- ------ 100%
Note, in Year 7, the amount of deferred basis would be $1, which would be recognized as a loss.

As is demonstrated in Scenario 1 above, application of the normal basis recovery rule
set forth in §15A.453-1(c)(3)(i), assuming a future growth rate of z percent based on
Company B’s historic growth rate, would substantially and inappropriately defer
recovery of basis based on immediate past relevant sales data resulting in a
disproportionately large gain in Year 1 and a disproportionately large loss in Year 7.
In addition, as detailed in Taxpayer’s purchase agreement, the contingent payments are
based on multiples, which vary depending on Company B’s growth rates as well as
future revenue generated by Company B’s clients.

Pursuant to § 15A.453-1(c)(7)(ii), the Taxpayer may use an alternative method of basis
recovery if the Taxpayer can show that (A) the alternative method is a reasonable
method of ratably recovering basis, and (B) under the alternative method, it is
reasonable to conclude that over time the taxpayer likely will recover basis at a rate
twice as fast as the rate at which basis would have been recovered under the otherwise
applicable normal basis recovery rule.

Under the Taxpayer’s proposed alternative method, the Taxpayer will allocate the ratio
of basis to each installment payment as that installment payment bears to the estimated
amount of aggregate payments to be received by the Taxpayer during the 7-year term
of the installment obligation. Based on the historic growth rate, the basis recovery would
be as reflected in Scenario 2, below:

Scenario 2 - Alternative Basis Recovery
Amounts
Received/Estimated to Percentage of
Year Beginning Basis be Received * Basis Basis Recovery Ending Basis
---------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
---------- ----------------------- -------- ------------ -------- -----------------------
---------- ----------------------- -------- ------------ -------- -----------------------
---------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------ -------------------- -----------------------
---------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
---------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------ ----------------------- --------------------
---------- -------------------- ----------------------- ------------ -------------------- ---------
---------- ---- ------------------------- ---------------- ------------------------- ----
*Equal to percentage of basis recovered

PLR-136271-13 8

As illustrated above, Taxpayer’s proposed alternative basis recovery method is a
reasonable method of ratably recovering basis, and the Taxpayer will recover basis at a
rate twice as fast as the rate at which basis would have been recovered under the
normal basis recovery rule. Based on the information provided by the Taxpayer,
Taxpayer’s proposed alternative basis recovery methodology thus satisfies the
requirements of §15A.453-1(c)(7)(ii).

CONCLUSION

Based on the information provided and the representations made, we conclude that
Taxpayer's proposed alternative basis recovery method is a reasonable method of
ratably recovering basis, and that the use of the proposed alternative method of basis
recovery will result in basis recovery at a rate more than twice as fast as the rate at
which basis would be recovered under the normal basis recovery rules. Accordingly,
Taxpayer's use of the proposed alternative method of basis recovery is approved.

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced in
this letter.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to your authorized representative.

A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is relevant.
Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this requirement by
attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control number of the
letter ruling.

PLR-136271-13 9

The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and representations
submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on examination.

                                     Sincerely,



                                     William A. Jackson
                                     Chief, Branch 5
                                     Office of Chief Counsel
                                     (Income Tax & Accounting)

Enclosures (2)

Copy of this letter
Copy for section 6110 purposes