IRS preserves S status after a missed ESBT election

Plain-English summary

A corporation's S corporation election was invalid because a trust shareholder did not timely file an electing small business trust election. The IRS found that the failure was inadvertent and treated the corporation as continuing to be an S corporation from the original election date. The relief required an adjustment payment and a late ESBT election within 120 days. The IRS did not rule on the corporation's general eligibility for S corporation status.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Can the corporation retain S corporation treatment after its trust shareholder missed the ESBT election?
• Outcome: Approved, subject to an adjustment payment and a late ESBT election within 120 days.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361, 1362, and 6110; Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201408002 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 2/21/2014 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1362.01-00, 1362.04-00
Person To Contact:
------------------------ ----------------, ID No. ------------------
---------------------------- Telephone Number:
---------------------------- ----------------------
---------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:B01
PLR-115843-13
Date:
October 31, 2013

LEGEND

X = -----------------------

A = ----------------------------------------

Trust = ------------------------------------------------------------

Date 1= ----------------------

Date 2= -----------------------

Year 1= -------

Year 2= -------

State = -----------------------

$a = -------------------

Dear -----------------.:

This responds to a letter dated April 2, 2013, submitted on behalf of X, requesting relief
under section 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code) for an inadvertent invalid
S corporation election.

FACTS

PLR-115843-13 2

According to the information submitted and representations within, X was founded in
Year 1 by A and was incorporated in Year 2, under the laws of State. Effective Date 1,
X elected to be taxed as an S corporation. At the time of the election, X had Trust as a
shareholder. X’s S corporation election was invalid due to the failure of Trust to file an
ESBT election.

X represents that the invalidity of its S corporation election was not motivated by tax
avoidance or retroactive tax planning. Further, X represents that X and its shareholders
agree to make any adjustments required as a condition of obtaining relief under the
inadvertent termination rule as provided under § 1362(f) of the Code that may be
required by the Secretary.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 1361(a) provides that an S corporation is a small business corporation for which
an election under § 1362(a) is in effect.

Section 1361(b)(1) provides that the terms “small business corporation” means a
domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have
more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate,
a trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is
not an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more
than 1 class of stock.

Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated
whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) of the Code provides that for purposes of section 1361(b)(1) a
trust all of which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of this chapter) as
owned by an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be an S
corporation shareholder.

Section 1361(d)(1) of the Code provides that in the case of a qualified subchapter S
trust with respect to which a beneficiary makes an election under paragraph 1361(d)(2)
such trust shall be treated as a trust described in subsection 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) and for
purposes of section 678(a), the beneficiary of such trust shall be treated as the owner of
that portion of the trust which consists of stock in an S corporation with respect to which
the election under paragraph 1362(d)(2) is made.

Section 1361(d)(3) of the Code defines the term “qualified subchapter S trust” as a trust
all of the income (within the meaning of section 643(b)) of which is distributed (or
required to be distributed) currently to one individual who is a citizen or resident of the
United States. In addition, the terms of the trust must require that (i) during the lifetime
of the current income beneficiary, there shall be only one income beneficiary of the
trust, (ii) any corpus distributed during the life of the current income beneficiary may be
distributed only to such beneficiary, (iii) the income interest of the current income
beneficiary in the trust shall terminate on the earlier of such beneficiary's death or the
termination of the trust, and (iv) upon the termination of the trust during the life of the
current income beneficiary, the trust shall distribute all of its assets to such beneficiary.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), an ESBT is a
permissible shareholder.

Section 1361(e)(3) provides that an election under § 1361( e) shall be made by the
trustee. Any such election shall apply to the taxable year of the trust for which made and
all subsequent taxable years of such trust unless revoked with the consent of the
Secretary.

Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(i) provides that the trustee of an ESBT must make the ESBT
election by signing and filing, with the service center where the S corporation files its
income tax return, a statement that meets the requirements of § 1.1361-1(m)(2)(ii).

Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(iii) provides that the trustee of an ESBT must file the ESBT
election within the time requirements prescribed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(iii) for filing a QSST
election (generally within the 16-day-and-2-month period beginning on the day that the
stock is transferred to the trust).

Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any
corporation was not effective for the taxable year for which made (determined without
regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of § 1361(b); (2)
the Secretary determines that the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or
termination were inadvertent; (3) no later than a reasonable period of time after
discovery of the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, steps
were taken so that the corporation for which the termination occurred is a small business
corporation; and (4) the corporation for which the termination occurred, and each person
who was a shareholder in such corporation at any time during the period specified pursuant
to § 1362(f), agrees to make the adjustments (consistent with the treatment of such
corporation as an S corporation) as may be required by the Secretary with respect to such
period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or
termination, such corporation shall be treated as an S corporation during the period specified by the Secretary.

CONCLUSION

Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude that

PLR-115843-13 4

the failure of Trust to make an ESBT election effective Date 1 caused X’s S corporation
election to be inadvertently invalid within the meaning of § 1362(f). Pursuant to the
provisions of § 1362(f), X will be treated as continuing to be an S corporation beginning
on and after Date 1, unless X’s S corporation election is otherwise terminated under §
1362(d).

This letter ruling is subject to the following conditions: (1) An adjustment payment in the
amount of $a and a copy of this letter must be sent to the following address: Internal
Revenue Service, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------, Manual Deposit. This payment must be sent no later
than 120 days from the date of this letter; (2) within 120 days from the date of this letter,
an election to treat the Trust as an ESBT effective Date 2, must be made with the
appropriate service center. A copy of this letter should be attached to the ESBT
election. If these conditions are not met, then this ruling is null and void. Furthermore,
if these conditions are not met, X must send notification that its S election has
terminated to the service center with which X’s S election was filed.

Except as specifically ruled upon above, we express or imply no opinion concerning the
federal tax consequences of the facts of this case under any other provision of the
Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding X’s eligibility to be an S
corporation.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer who requested it. According to § 6110(k)(3),
this ruling may not be used or cited as precedent.

Pursuant to the power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending a copy of this
letter to your authorized representative.

                                          Sincerely,


                                          David R. Haglund
                                          David R. Haglund
                                          Branch Chief, Branch 1
                                          Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                          (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2)
Copy of this letter
Copy of this letter for section 6110 purposes

cc: