Public company may rely on SEC filings to identify economic owners under section 382

Plain-English summary

A publicly traded loss corporation asked whether it could use Securities and Exchange Commission filings and related stock-surveillance procedures to identify five-percent shareholders for IRC § 382 purposes. The IRS ruled that the person with the economic right to dividends and sale proceeds is the relevant owner. Absent contrary actual knowledge, the company could rely on an SEC Schedule 13G statement that no single person held more than five percent of the stock’s economic interests. The company could also rely on the absence of filings identifying a group, and overlapping officers or directors alone would not give it knowledge that the investors formed an entity under the section 382 regulations.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could the company rely on SEC filings and related information to determine whether five-percent shareholders or an ownership group existed under IRC § 382?
• Outcome: Approved.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 318, 382, and 6110(k)(3); Treas. Reg. § 1.382-3(a)(1)(i); Securities Exchange Act of 1934, §§ 13(d)(3) and 13G.

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201403007 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 1/17/2014 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 382.00-00, 382.11-00,
382.11-09 Person To Contact:
----------------------, ID No. ----------------
--------------- Telephone Number:
--------------------
---------------------- Refer Reply To:
------------------------------- CC:CORP:BR5
------------------------------ PLR-117766-13
Date:
September 19, 2013

Legend

Company = -----------------------

Entity A = --------------------

Date 1 = ------------------------

Date 2 = ------------------------

Date 3 = -----------------------

a = ------

b = ---

Dear -----------:

This letter responds to your letters dated April 12, 2013 and July 15, 2013, submitted by
your authorized representatives, requesting rulings as to Company’s ability to rely on
information contained in a series of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)
filings for purposes of determining shifts in ownership under section 382 of the Internal
Revenue Code. The information submitted in that request and in subsequent
correspondence is summarized below.

The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and representations
submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalties of perjury statement

PLR-117766-13 2

executed by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material
submitted in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on
examination.

                                Summary of Facts

Company is a loss corporation within the meaning of section 382(k)(1) and § 1.382-
2(a)(1) of the Income Tax Regulations. Company has outstanding, and has had
outstanding throughout the testing period, defined below, a single class of common
stock, which is publicly traded and widely held.

Company relies on the existence and absence of filings of Schedules 13D and 13G with
the SEC to identify Company’s shareholders who have a direct ownership interest of
five percent or more on its testing dates. Company uses a stock surveillance company
to help it identify persons who control large blocks of Company stock and monitor all
SEC filings with respect to Company stock. The stock surveillance company also
monitors brokerage houses that are known to trade Company stock. Company has also
inquired directly with some of the persons filing Schedule 13G regarding their ownership
of Company’s stock. Aside from these methods, Company has no other actual knowledge
regarding or relevant system of tracking the owners of its stock.

For the period beginning Date 1 and ending Date 2, the testing period, Company has
identified two entities or groups of entities that have filed Schedules 13D or 13G. There
have been no other Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G filings made during the testing
period. Company also has identified two entities that were 5-percent shareholders as of
the beginning of the testing period that filed Schedules 13D prior to the beginning of the
testing period. No other entities that filed a Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G before the
testing period still beneficially own more than five percent of the shares of Company.
Company has requested rulings with respect to Entity A’s SEC filings only.

Entity A filed a Schedule 13G on Date 3. In the filing, Entity A identified itself as a parent
holding company or control person. It indicated that it beneficially owns a percent, a
number greater than five, of the common stock of Company and listed b related entities
as owning a portion of these shares (the “Related Entities”). Entity A did not indicate the
manner in which the Related Entities owned these shares; however, none of these
individual entities were listed as beneficially owning five percent or more of the
outstanding shares of Company. Instead, in response to Item 6, Entity A stated,
“Various persons have the right to receive or the power to direct the receipt of dividends
from, or the proceeds from the sale of the common stock of [Company]. No one
person’s interest in the common stock of [Company] is more than five percent of the
total outstanding common shares.” Entity A also did not affirm the existence of a “group”
within the meaning of section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
“Exchange Act”) in its Schedule 13G filing.

PLR-117766-13 3

Company represents that it has no knowledge of (1) the existence of any group of
persons who have or had a formal or informal understanding amongst themselves to
make a coordinated acquisition of Company stock using investments made through the
Related Entities; (2) any SEC filings affirming that any individual or entity investing
through the Related Entities filing Schedules 13D or 13G with respect to Company stock
should be treated as a group; or (3) an entity or individual (through application of the
attribution rules of section 318 as modified by section 382(l)) that owns 5 percent or
more (by vote or value) of Company stock when such individual or entity's direct
ownership of Company stock is combined with its ownership of Company stock
acquired by or through the Related Entities.

                                   Rulings

Based solely on the information submitted and representations made, we rule as
follows:

(1) Only a person who has the economic right to dividends and proceeds from the
sale of Company’s stock (an “Economic Owner”) is considered to “own”
Company stock for section 382 purposes.

(2) Absent actual knowledge to the contrary, Company can rely on Entity A’s
statement in its Schedule 13G that no single person has the right to receive or
power to direct the dividends from, or proceeds from the sale of, more than five
percent of Company stock to conclude that no such person is an Economic
Owner of five percent or more of Company stock for section 382 purposes.

(3) Company can rely on the fact that Entity A did not affirm the existence of a
“group” within the meaning of section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act in its
Schedule 13G, and the absence of any other filings affirming the existence of a
group from the Economic Owners of the shares referred to in Entity A’s filing, to
conclude that the Economic Owners are not members of a group that constitutes
an “entity” within the meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.382-3(a)(1)(i), even though the
companies referred to in the filing may have overlapping officers or directors.

(4) Company will not be deemed to know that any of the Economic Owners of
Company stock referred to in Entity A’s filing constitute an “entity” within the
meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.382-3(a)(1)(i) merely because someone employed by
Company may know that one or more of the entities listed in the filings have
overlapping officers or directors.

PLR-117766-13 4

                                      Caveats

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced in
this letter.

                             Procedural Statements

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is relevant.
Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this requirement by
attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control number of the
letter ruling.

In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to your authorized representative.

                                       Sincerely,


                                       Joanne M. Fay________
                                       Joanne M. Fay
                                       Chief, Branch 2
                                       Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate)