Determination 1329023 revokes a real estate association's section 501(c)(6) exemption

Plain-English summary

The IRS revoked a real estate association's exemption under IRC § 501(c)(6). The association's primary activity was operating a multiple listing service for members, and the examination found that this activity generated particular services and convenience for members rather than improving a line of business. The IRS also concluded that the listing service was a business ordinarily carried on for profit and that the association failed three of the six regulatory tests for business-league status. The exemption was revoked effective on the stated date, and the association was required to file federal income tax returns.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Did the association's multiple listing service and related activities permit it to remain exempt as a business league under IRC § 501(c)(6)?
• Outcome: Revocation, the association no longer qualified under the stated facts.
• Key authorities: IRC § 501(c)(6); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.501(c)(6)-1 and 1.513-1; Rev. Rul. 81-175 and related authorities.

Full text (IRS public release)

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE

TE/GE EO EXAMINATIONS
1100 COMMERCE ST. MAIL CODE 4920 DAL

TAX EXEMPT 4°

GOVERNMENT ENTITIES DALLAS, TEXAS 75242

DIVISION 501-06.00

January 27, 2012

Release Number: 201329023
Release Date: 7/19/2013

LEGEND Taxpayer Identification Number:
ORG - Organization name Form:
XX - Date Address - address Tax Years Ended:

Person to Contact/ID Number:
Contact Numbers:
Voice
ORG Fax
ADDRESS

NE,

CERTIFIED MAIL — RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED

Dear

In a determination letter dating from October 19XX, you were held to be exempt from Federal
income tax under section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code).

Based on recent information received, we have determined you have not operated in
accordance with the provisions of section 501(c)(6) of the Code. Accordingly, your exemption
from Federal income tax is revoked effective January 1, 20XX. This is a final adverse
determination letter with regard to your status under section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

We previously provided you a report of examination explaining why we believe revocation of
your exempt status is necessary. At that time, we informed you of your right to contact the
Taxpayer Advocate, as well as your appeal rights. On September 23, 20XX, you signed Form
6018-A, Consent to Proposed Action, agreeing to the revocation of your exempt status under
section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

You are required to file Federal income tax returns for the tax periods shown above. If you have
not yet filed these returns, please file them with the Ogden Service Center within 60 days from
the date of this letter, unless a request for an extension of time is granted, or unless an
examiner’s report for income tax liability was issued to you with other instructions. File returns
for later tax years with the appropriate service center indicated in the instructions for those
returns.

You have the right to contact the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Taxpayer Advocate

assistance is not a substitute for established IRS procedures, such as the formal Appeals
process. The Taxpayer Advocate cannot reverse a legally correct tax determination, or extend
the time fixed by law that you have to file a petition in a United States court. The Taxpayer

Advocate can, however, see that a tax matter that may not have been resolved through normal
channels gets prompt and proper handling. You may call toll-free, 1-877-777-4778, and ask for

Taxpayer Advocate Assistance. If you prefer, you may contact your local Taxpayer Advocate
at:

If you have any questions, please contact the person whose name and telephone number are
shown at the beginning of this letter.

Sincerely,

Nanette M. Downing
Director, EO Examinations

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
Attn: Mandatory Review, MC 4920 DAL
1100 Commerce St.
covet es Dallas, TX 75242 501-06.00
DIVISION

Date: 11-01-2011
LEGEND
ORG - Organization name Employer Identification Number:
XX - Date Address - address Person to Contact/ID Number:

Contact Numbers:
ORG Telephone:
ADDRESS Fax:

CERTIFIED MAIL — RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Dear

In a determination letter dated March 28, 19XX, you were held to be exempt from
Federal income tax under section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code (the
Code).

Based on recent information received, we have determined you have not
operated in accordance with the provisions of section 501(c)(6 ) of the Code.
Accordingly, your exemption from Federal income tax is revoked effective
January 1, 20XX. This is a final adverse determination letter with regard to your
status under section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

We previously provided you a report of examination explaining why we believe
revocation of your exempt status is necessary. At that time, we informed you of
your right to contact the Taxpayer Advocate, as well as your appeal rights. On
September 23, 20XX, you signed Form 6018-A, Consent to Proposed Action,
agreeing to the revocation of your exempt status under section 501(c)(6) of the
Code.

You are therefore required to file Form[s] 1120, U.S. Corporation Tax Return, for
the year[s] ended December 31, 20XX, 20XX, and 20XX with the Ogden Service
Center. For future periods, you are required to file Form 1120 with the
appropriate service center indicated in the instructions for the return.

You have the right to contact the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Taxpayer
Advocate assistance is not a substitute for established IRS procedures, such as
the formal Appeals process. The Taxpayer Advocate cannot reverse a legally
correct tax determination, or extend the time fixed by law that you have to file a
petition in a United States court. The Taxpayer Advocate can, however, see that

a tax matter that may not have been resolved through normal channels gets
prompt and proper handling. You may call toll-free, 1-877-777-4778, and ask for
Taxpayer Advocate Assistance. If you prefer, you may contact your local
Taxpayer Advocate at:

If you have any questions, please contact the person whose name and
telephone number are shown at the beginning of this letter.

Sincerely,

Nanette M. Downing
Director, EO Examinations

Form 886A Department of the Treasury - Interna] Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
ORG 20XX12
(EIN)
LEGEND
ORG - Organization name EIN - ein XX - Date State - state COo-
1, CO-2 & CO-3 - 1°*, 2°? g 34 COMPANIES
ISSUES
Whether this exempt organization’s (EO) activities permit it to continue to be exempt
under §501(c)(6).
FACTS

ORG (hereinafter, “ORG”) was formed with the filing of Articles of Incorporation with
the State Corporation Commission on March 28, 19XX.

ORG is a subsidiary of the CO-1 and received its letter of exemption under §501(c)(6)
with an effective date of March 28, 19XX.

The purpose of the organization stated in the original Articles of Incorporation
are:

(a) To unite those engaged in the recognized branches of the real estate profession
in this community for the purpose of exerting the beneficial influence upon the
profession and related interests.

(b) To promote and maintain high standards of conduct in the real estate profession
as expressed in the code of Ethics of the CO-2.

(c) To provide a unified medium for real estate owners and those engaged in the
real estate profession whereby they may be safeguarded and advanced.

(d) To further the interest of home and other real property ownership.

(e) To unite those engaged in the real estate profession in this community with a
CO-1 and the CO-2, thereby furthering their own objectives throughout the state
and nation, and obtaining the benefits and privileges of membership therein.

(f) To designate, for the benefit of the public, those individuals within its jurisdiction
authorized to use the term Realtor and Realtor Associates as licensed,
prescribed, and controlled by the CO-2.

ORG Articles of incorporation also contains the following:

Article XVIII — Multiple Listing

Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68)) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
Page: -1-

Form 886-A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or

Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Yeat/Period Ended
ORG 20XX12

(EIN)

The CO-3® shall maintain for the use of it Members a Multiple Listing Service which
shall be a lawful corporation of the state of STATE, all the stock of which shall be

• owned by the CO-3®.

Section 2. Purpose. A Multiple Listing Service is a means by which authorized
Participants make blanket unilateral offers of compensation to other Participants (acting
as subagents, buyer agents, or in other agency or nonagency capacities defined by
law); by which disseminated to enable authorized Participants to prepare appraisals,
analyses, and other valuations of real property for bona fide clients and customers; by
which Participants engaging in real estate appraisal contribute to common databases;
and is a facility for the orderly correlation and dissemination of listing information so
participants may better serve their clients and the public. Entitlement to compensation
is determined by the cooperating broker's performance as a procuring cause of the sale
(or lease). Amended 11/XX)

The activity pertinent to this discussion is the level of activities devoted to the multiple
listing services (hereinafter, MLS) provided to the members of the Association.

There are six classes of members. Only licensed real estate agents, brokers and
realtors can list property for sale on the MLS and see sold information within the
database.

ORG maintains a committee on its board that is dedicated to the MLS program. The
organization generated more income from the MLS than from it membership dues.

A prior examination of the ORG books and records by the Internal Revenue Service
Tax Exempt & Government Entities: Exempt Organization Division in calendar year
20XX resulted in the organization being issued an Advisory Letter. The advisory issued
cautioned the organization on the impact of its exempt status with regard to the level of
non-exempt activities.

The organization prepared and filed Form 990-T for the tax year ending December 31,
20XX to report all unrelated business income.

The 20XX Form 990-EZ states that the organization’s primary purpose is “ORG”.

Information from the “EO” 20XX Form 990-EZ:

Revenue Source: (Form 990-EZ — 20XX)

Fees from exempt activities: $

Membership dues and assessments: $

Investment Income: $

Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68)) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -2-

emis

Form 886 A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
ORG 20XX12
(EIN)
Special Events Gross Revenue: $
UBI: $
Gross Receipts: «$$
Membership Support:
Program Service Revenue’...............cccccccseceeeeseeeeescueeeeeeees $
Membership dues and assessmenits:...............2. ceesseseeeeeeeeeees $
Total.......ccccccsscececccscecececctseccsececessenecsceccecscucueceecets $$

% of Membership Support % ($/$)

Non-Membership Support:

OS) $$
Investment INCOME?............ cece eee ee eee ee eee eee ceases eee eee eeeaeaeeees $
Special Events Gross ReEVenue: ................ ec cceceeeeeeeessssssrsenees $
Total:.......c.ccceccsececsecencnececcecseesecseeeensssuseceeeeeeeceeescess $$

% of Non-Membership Support: % ($/$)

Total Gross Receipts: $$
UBI % of Gross Receipts % ($/$)

Annual Operational Activity Report disclosed the following:

Operational hours dedicated to the Association: 664
Operational hours dedicated to the MLS program: 1,445
Total Annual Operational hours: 2,109
Percentage of Non-exempt Activity:..% (1445/2109)
Percentage of Exempt Activity:.......... % (664/2109)

LAW

In Section 501(c)(6) of the Code, it defines business leagues, chambers of commerce,
real-estate boards, boards of trade, or professional football leagues (whether or not
administering a pension fund for football players), not organized for profit and no part of
the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual.

In Section 1.501(c)(6)-1 of the regulations, it provides that a business league is an
association of persons having some common business interest the purpose of which is
to promote such common interest and not to engage in a regular business of a kind
ordinarily carried on for profit. It is an organization of the same general class as a
chamber of commerce or board of trade. Thus, its activities should be directed to the
improvement of business conditions of one or more lines of business as distinguished
from the performance of particular services for individual persons. An organization,
whose purpose is to engage in a regular business of a kind ordinarily carried on for

Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68)) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
Page: -3-

Form 886 A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or

Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
ORG 20XX12

(EIN)

profit, even though the business is conducted on a cooperative basis or produces only
sufficient income to be self sustaining, is not a business league.

Section 1.513-1(b) of the regulations provides that the term “trade or business” for
purposes of section 513 of the Code has the same meaning it has in section 162 and
generally includes any activity carried on for the production of income from the sale of
goods or services.

In section 1.513-1.(d)(2) of the regulations, in defining unrelated trade or business
provides that where the production or distribution of the goods or the performance of
the services does not contribute importantly to the accomplishment of the exempt
purposes of an organization, the income from the sale of the goods or the performance
of the services does not derive from the conduct of related trade or business.

In Rev. Rul. 56-65, it states that a local organization whose principal activity consists of
furnishing particular information and specialized individual services to its individual
members through publications and other means is performing particular services for
individual persons. Such an EO is therefore not entitled to exemption under §501(c)(6).

Rev. Rul. 68-264 defines a particular service for the purposes of section 501(c)(6) of
the Code as an activity that serves as a convenience or economy to the members of
the organization in the operation of their own businesses.

In Rev. Rul. 59-234 it states, the purpose of a multiple listing service is:

(a) to assist members of the board in rendering better services to the public by
creating a broader and more active market for real estate;

(b) to stimulate and facilitate the transaction of business between members of the
board through cooperation and exchange of exclusive listings;

(c) to provide a medium through which real estate may be merchandised more
efficiently and expeditiously to the advantage of both buyer and seller and

(d) to encourage realtors to uphold high standards of business practice and to
further educate them in adhering to the principals of Realtor’s code of Ethics.

Rev Rul. 73-411 states, Trade associations or business leagues under section
501(c)(6) are similar to chambers of commerce, except that they serve only the
common business interests of the members of a single line of business or of the
members of closely related lines of business within a single industry.

Rev. Rul. 81-175 defines the term “particular services” for the purposes of section
501(c)(6) of the Code, as acting in a manner which provides an economy ora
convenience for members in the operation of their own businesses.

Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68)) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -4-

Form 886-A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or

Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
ORG 20XX12

(EIN)
in Retailers Credit Ass'n of Alameda County v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue

90 F.2d 47, C.A.9 1937. May 10, 1937, Exemption from petitioner from taxation must be
denied on the ground that the purpose to engage in a business of a kind ordinarily
carried on for profit is not incidental to a main or principal purpose, but is in fact a
principal or main purpose.

In Southern Hardwood Traffic Ass'n v. U.S. 283 F.Supp. 1013 D.C.Tenn. 1968.
March 13, 1968, the District Court, Bailey Brown, Chief Judge, held that
unincorporated association engaged in regular business of providing, as one of its two
main purposes and as substantial part of its total activity, majority of its members with
individual services of kind ordinarily carried on for profit was not a ‘business league’
entitled to tax exempt status.

In Associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of America, Inc., 69 T.C. 53 (1977),
the court held that an organization did not qualify as a tax-exempt business league
because it both engaged in a regular business of a kind ordinarily carried on for profit
and its activities were directed to the performance of particular services for individual
members.

In Carolinas Farm & Power Equipment Dealers Ass'n, Inc. v. U.S. 699 F.2d 167,

C.A.N.C.,1983. January 24, 1983, we must conclude that the Association's insurance
service primarily advances the interests of participating members, and so it is not
related to its charitable purpose.

The presence of a single substantial nonexempt purpose can destroy the exemption
regardless of the number of exempt purposes. Better Bus. Bureau v. United States, 326
U. S. 279. 283, 90 L. Ed. 67, 66'S. Ct. 112 (1945); Am. Campaign Acad. v.
Commissioner, 92 T.C. 1056, 1065 (19XX).

TAXPAYER’S POSITION

ORG agrees that it is not entitled to exemption under section 501(c)(6) because its
primary purpose is the daily operations of the Multiple Listing Services (MLS) in which
% of the organization’s activities are devoted to.

GOVERNMENT’S POSITION
ORG provides professional development, research, and exchange of information
among its members.

ORG's books and records demonstrates the Multiple Listing Services primarily advances
the interests of participating members, and so it is not related to its exempt purpose.

Form 886-A crev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
ne Page: -5-

: Form 886A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
ORG 20XX12
(EIN)

(1) Persons having a common business interest

(2) Whose purpose is to promote the common business interest

(3) Not organized for profit

(4) That does not engage in a business ordinarily conducted for profit

(5) Whose activities are directed at improvement of one or more lines of business
as distinguished from the performance of particular services

(6) Of the same general class as a chamber of commerce or a board of trade

In order to qualify for exemption as a business league under Reg. §1.501(c)(6)-1, an
exempt organization must meet all of 6 tests:

A review of the ORG books and records indicates the Association fail test 1, 4
and 5 under Reg. §1.501(c)(6)-1.

ORG fails test (1) - Persons having a common business interest. Rev. Rul. 81-175
defines the term “particular services” for the purposes of section 501(c)(6) of the Code,
as acting in a manner which provides an economy or a convenience for members in the
operation of their own businesses. A review of the ORG books and record indicates its
primary activity is operating a multiple listing service for its members, which is not a
common business interest, but rather providing a convenience to members in the
operation of their own businesses and thus performing particular services for members.

ORG fails test (4) - Not being engaged in a business ordinarily carried on for profit. The
MLS is a database of homes for sale. Real Estate Agents use the MLS to find homes
for buyers that they represent. Listing a home on the MLS notifies all local brokers that
the home is for sale. If an agent other than the listing agent sees a listing and brings a
buyer, the listing agent must pay the buyer’s agent a commission if the buyer accepts
the offer. The commission is negotiated on an agent by agent basis. Services to
members are an activity ordinarily conducted for profit. These services are of the same
character of services provided by Real Estate firms. The membership dues may be
construed as being of the same character as that of a professional charging a retainer
fee against which future services are applied.

ORG fails test (5) Whose activities are directed at improvement of one or more lines of
business as distinguished from the performance of particular services

Rev. Rul. 81-175 defines the term “particular services” for the purposes of section
501(c)(6) of the Code, as acting in a manner which provides an economy or a
convenience for members in the operation of their own businesses. ORG’s primary
activity is providing member with a medium through which real estate may be
merchandised more efficiently and expeditiously to the advantage of both buyer and
seller. Operation of the MLS provides a convenience to members in the operation of
their own businesses and thus is performing particular services for the members.

Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68))

Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -6-

“#

Form 886-A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or

_ Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
ORG 20XX12

(EIN)

In Better Bus. Bureau v. United States, 326 U. S. 279. 283, 90 L. Ed. 67, 66 S. Ct. 112
(1945) and Am. Campaign Acad. v. Commissioner, 92 T.C. 1056, 1065 (19XX), it is
stated that the presence of a single substantial nonexempt purpose can destroy the
exemption regardless of the number of exempt purposes. In Associated Master Barbers
and Beauticians of America, Inc., 69 T.C. 53 (1977), the court held that an organization
did not qualify as a tax-exempt business league because it both engaged in a regular
business of a kind ordinarily carried on for profit and its activities were directed to the
performance of particular services for individual members.

The primary activity of providing a multiple listing services to members is an activity
ordinarily carried on for profit and therefore is nonexempt. The EO’s primary activity is
one involving providing particular services to individual members in providing member
with a medium through which real estate may be merchandised more efficiently and
expeditiously to the advantage of both buyer and seller which conflicts with the EO’s
tax-exempt status.

Rev. Rul. 56-65 states that a local organization whose principal activity consists of
furnishing particular information and specialized individual services to its individual
members through publications and other means is performing particular services for
individual persons. Such an EO is therefore not entitled to exemption under section
501(c)(6). The subject EO’s principal activity consists of furnishing particular and
specialized individual services to its individual members through response to individual
requests for human resource information specific to the individual member; the EO is
therefore performing particular services for individual persons.

This organization fails three of the six tests under section 1.501(c)(6)-1 and as a result,
is not entitled to remain exempt. The organization engages in primary nonexempt
activities involving activities normally conducted for profit and performs particular
services for members.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing reasons, ORG does not qualify for exemption under section
501(c)(6) and its tax exempt status should be revoked effective January 1, 20XX.

Form 886-A (Rev. 4-68)) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
Page: -7-