IRS denies exemption to a foundation benefiting its founder and related businesses

Plain-English summary

The IRS denied recognition of tax-exempt status under IRC § 501(c)(3) to a foundation whose trustee and founder controlled or was connected to businesses receiving foundation funds. The determination found that investments, loans, and distributions provided private benefits and possible inurement to the founder and related parties. It also found that the organization did not provide enough information about its operations, financial relationships, and charitable distributions to establish that it operated exclusively for exempt purposes. Contributions were not deductible under IRC § 170, and the organization was informed of its rights under IRC § 7428.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Did the foundation operate exclusively for exempt purposes without private benefit or inurement?
• Outcome: Denied, because the record showed private interests, possible inurement, and inadequate operational information.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 170, 501(c)(3), 6110, and 7428; Treas. Reg. §§ 1.501(c)(3)-1 and 601.201(n)(1)(ii)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury

Appeals Office
312 Elm Street, Suite 2330 Taxpayer Identification Number:
Cincinnati, OH 45202-2763

Release Number: 201301021
Release Date 1 /4/2013 Person to Contact:
Date: October 11, 2012

A
B
Cc
Tax Period Ending:
UIL: 501.32-00
Certified Mail 501.32-01
501.33-00
Dear :

This is our final adverse determination regarding your request for recognition of exempt status under
section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code"). It is determined that you do not qualify as
exempt from Federal income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Code effective October 1, 2004, the date
your trust was funded in the State of D.

Our adverse determination was made for the following reason(s):

You have not established that you are operated exclusively for exempt purposes described in section
501(c)(3) of the Code. Specifically, you have not shown that a substantial part of your activities does not
serve the private interests of your trustee and founder, and other individuals. Additionally, you have not
demonstrated that no part of your net earnings inures to the benefit of a private shareholder or individual.
Specifically, you have not shown that various payments made to businesses and individuals related to
your trustee and founder have not resulted in net earnings flowing to your trustee and founder. You also
have not provided sufficient detail about your operations with your application for exemption as required
by Treas. Reg. § 601.201(n)(1)(ii) and Rev. Proc. 2012-9.

Contributions to your organization are not deductible under section 170 of the Code.

You are required to file Federal income tax returns on Form 1120 and/or Form 1041 for the tax period
ending shown in the heading of this letter and for all tax years thereafter. File your return with the
appropriate Internal Revenue Service Center per the instructions of the return. For further instructions,
forms, and information please visit www.irs.gov.

Processing of income tax returns and assessments of any taxes due will not be delayed should a petition
for declaratory judgment be filed under section 7428 of the Code.

If you decide to contest this determination, you may file an action for declaratory judgment under the
provisions of section 7428 of the Code in one of the following three venues: 1) United States Tax Court,
2) the United States Court of Federal Claims, or 3) the United States District Court for the District of
Columbia. A petition or complaint in one of these three courts must be filed within 90 days from the date
this determination letter was mailed to you. Please contact the clerk of the appropriate court for rules for
filing petitions for declaratory judgment. To secure a petition form from the United States Tax Court, write
to the United States Tax Court, 400 Second Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20217. See also Publication

892.

You also have the right to contact the office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Taxpayer Advocate assistance is
not a substitute for established IRS procedures, such as the formal appeals process. The Taxpayer
Advocate cannot reverse a legally correct tax determination, or extend the time fixed by law that you have
to file a petition in a United States Court. The Taxpayer Advocate can however, see that a tax matter that
may not have been resolved through normal channels gets prompt and proper handling. If you want
Taxpayer Advocate assistance, please contact the Taxpayer Advocate for the IRS office that issued this
letter. You may call toll-free, 1-877-777-4778, for the Taxpayer Advocate or visit www.irs.gov/advocate
for more information.

If you have any questions, please contact the person whose name and telephone number are shown in
the heading of this letter.

Sincerely Yours,

Appeals Team Manager

Enclosure: Publication 892

CC:

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20224

TAX EXEMPT AND
GOVERNMENT ENTITIES
DIVISION

Date: Jan 13, 2012 Contact Person:

Identification Number:
Contact Number:
FAX Number:

Employer Identification Number:

LEGEND: UIL:

B = Name 501.32-00
C = Name 501-32-01
D = Name 501.33-00
E = Name

F = Name

G = Name

H = Name

J = Name

K = Name

U= Date

V= Name b dollars=amount

W = Date c dollars= amount

X= Name d dollars= amount

Dear

We have considered your application for recognition of exemption from federal income tax
under Internal Revenue Code (“Code”) section 501(a). Based on the information provided, we
have concluded that you do not qualify for exemption under Code section 501(c)(3). The basis
for our conclusion is set forth below.

Issues

1. Do your activities serve the impermissible private benefit of B and result in prohibited
   inurement in contravention of section 501(c)(3) of the Code? Yes, for the reasons stated below.

2. Did you substantiate that you are operating for charitable purposes within the meaning of
   Section 501(c)(3)? No, for the reasons stated below.

Facts:

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2

You applied for exemption under Section 501(c)(3) on U. During the processing of your request
for exemption, your case was Closed twice failure to establish because you did not timely
respond to information requests about your activities and operations. In addition, we wrote
eleven additional information letters in order to find out about your operations. In total the
processing of your application has been Ongoing for over five years, largely due to your very
Slow and vague nature of responding to our requests for information.

B, your founder, settler, and trustee is in the business of developing land to operate nursing
homes. B controls and is the manager of G, an LLC that holds real estate. G has three
members including J, a trust, which owns %ofG. BisJ’s beneficiary while B’s wife is J’s
manager.

B has had a long-standing relationship with C who is a recognized professional in the state of V.
You hired C to establish a private foundation. C therefore, set up a trust for you funded on W in
the state of X and filed the Form 1023 on your behalf. C provided no other assistance to you.

Your trust document provides that you were formed as a non-profit charitable foundation to
receive, hold, and administer funds, securities, gifts and bequests, and to use, disburse or
donate the income or principal thereof for charitable, religious, educational, literary and scientific
Purposes, provided that the trust shall not operate or maintain an educational institution. Your
trust document provides that you Can maintain a fund or funds of real or personal property or
both to directly or indirectly support charitable, religious, scientific, literary and educational
activities and organizations; to make distributions to organizations that are authorized to carry
on activities for any charitable, educational, scientific, religious or cultural purposes, and that
qualify as exempt organizations under Code section 501(c)(3) or corresponding provisions of
any subsequent federal tax laws.

Your activities in the initial Form 1023 are “ to invest and reinvest the initial contribution using
the net income and principle to make grants and contributions to public charities.”

You made the following investments to G, which you described as “participation in a first
mortgage secured by real estate”:
¢ Fifteen months after your formation, you provided G an amount of b dollars to assume
mortgages held by its minority members

• Approximately two years later, you provided G an additional total amount of c dollars
  to assume mortgages also held by its minority members.

You stated the “annual interest paid byGis %” a higher figure than the “4-5% return on the
money if invested in certificate of deposits.”

In20_ , after repeated requests, you provided copies of the two recorded mortgage documents
and two assignments of note documents involving these investments. B signed the recorded
mortgage documents as G’s manager. B on your behalf also signed the assignment of note
documents .

The following characterize the notes:
¢ The assignment of note documents were not dated as relating to their execution. One
was notarized in late 20 __ and the other in late spring of 20

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e The assignment of note documents state for both recorded mortgages that “one-third of
the assignor’s right, title, and interest in and to the note” was assigned.

G also made distributions to J from years 20 to 20 that totaled almost the exact amount
you provided to G.

J made the following distributions:

e J donated a total of almost to you from 20 through 20:
e J also made distributions toBin 20 and 20 — totaling over
dollars.

You also made the following disbursements to entities or persons in which B has a business
relationship:

e A disbursement of d dollars was made to K, a for profit management company within a
year of your formation. The funds were paid back plus earnings the following year. K is
owned by a business partner of B.

e A disbursement of b dollars was made to D, a real estate lawyer in 20 . This was a
loan secured by the equity in H, an entity % owned and managed by B.

e In20_ , adisbursement of over $ was made to E, an attorney and business
owner who has a business relationship with B. You did not provide loan documents, the
loan purpose, and the collateral for the loan. You wrote the loan “was transferred to E
in order to sit in E’s escrow account until a closing was to occur.” This loan was repaid
four years later.

In addition, you donated several thousand dollars to numerous organizations for charitable
Purposes. You were unable to show that the recipients were exempt under Section 501(c)(3)
nor did you obtain reports from the recipients to show how you maintained control and discretion
over your funds to ensure your funds exclusively furthered exempt purposes.

Your Form 1023 also contained information that was later indicated to be inaccurate. For example:

• You indicated your revenues would average below $ per year and you paid the lower
  user fee. You subsequently submitted financial showing you had received over
  before the Form 1023 application was submitted and you subsequently paid the
  additional user fee.

e You indicated that you would have no leases, contracts, loans, or other agreements with
any organization in which any of your officers, directors, or trustees are also officers,
directors, or trustees, or in which any individual officer, director, or trustee owns more
than a 35% interest. You subsequently provided information about your relationships
with several related entities.

e You indicated that you have not entered into, or will not enter into joint ventures,
including partnerships or limited liability companies treated as partnerships, tn which you
share profits and losses with partners other than Code section 501(c)(3) organizations.
You subsequently provided information about your relationships with several related for

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profit entities.

• You indicated you do not have a close connection with any other organizations. You
  subsequently provided information about your relationships with G,H, and K.

e You explained in the Form 1023 concerning grants and contributions to public charities, that
you “select only tax exempt organizations that establish intended charitable purposes and
provide written reports confirming use of funds to further charitable purposes.” You stated
subsequently, “All organizations are requested or searched on line at irs.gov to confirm that
the organization is exempt. You later wrote that funds were provided to the organizations as
general donations,” “there were no restrictions on the funds provided,” and “[n]o
documentation was requested from the organizations as to the use of funds. Furthermore,
you did not show that the recipients of donations were exempt under Section 501(c)(3).

Lastly, you were non-responsive or provided contradicting information in our information requests.
For example:

¢ You were asked to provide distributions that J made to B since your inception. You only
provided 20 and20_ distributions. You did not explain why vou did not provide the
information for the prior years 20.20 , or 20

° The assignment of note documents from G were not dated as relating to their execution
but they were notarized in November 20 and June20 | You did not explain why the
dates of the assignments were notarized after funds were initially paid to G or why these
two assignments were notarized more than two and a half years apart.

e You did not explain why only “one-third” was allocated in each assignment of note and
not the full interest in the recorded mortgages. You did not explain why the subsequent
disbursements were made more than two years before the second assignment of note.

• You were asked to describe K’s business but did not respond. You wrote that M was
  acting as your agent and that K was owned by F, an unrelated third party. Later you
  explained that B and F have a “business relationship” being “jointiy invested” in some
  partnerships together.

• At first, you indicated your disbursement to D was a secured investment by the equity in
  the real estate holdings of H. We sent to you public documents about this disbursement
  showing this was a loan and B had signed the mortgage as the manager of H. Ina
  subsequent response you stated that H is an LLC ‘% owned by B. You eventually
  wrote that this disbursement was a loan to H and is secured by the equity in the
  company.

• Concerning your disbursement to E in 20, you were asked to provide loan
  documents, the loan purpose, the collateral for the loan, and whether E was connected
  to B by family or business relationship. You did not provide this information.

Law:

Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”) provides for the exemption from
federal income tax of organizations organized and operated exclusively for charitable,
educational and other purposes, including the prevention of cruelty to children or animals
provided that no part of the net earnings inure to the benefit of any private shareholder or
individual.

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Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(a)(1) of the regulations provides that, in order to be exempt as an
organization described in section 501(c)(3), an organization must be both organized and
operated exclusively for one or more of the purposes specified in such section. If an
organization fails to meet either the organizational test or the operational test, it is not exempt

Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(1) of the regulations provides that an organization will be regarded as
“operated exclusively” for one or more exempt purposes only if it engages primarily in activities
that accomplish one or more of such exempt purposes specified in section 501(c)(3). An
organization will not be so regarded if more than an insubstantial part of its activities is not in
furtherance of an exempt purpose.

Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(2) of the regulations provides that an organization is not operated
exclusively for one or more exempt purposes if its net earnings inure in whole or in part to the
benefit of private shareholders or individuals. Section 1.501(a)-1(c) defines the words “private
shareholder or individual” to mean persons having a personal and private interest in the
activities of the organization.

Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(d)(1)(ii) of the regulations states that an organization is not operated
exclusively for one or more exempt purpose unless it serves a public rather than a private
interest. It must not be operated for the benefit of designated individuals or the persons who
created it.

Rev. Rul. 67-149 1, 1967-1 C.B. 133, describes an organization that was formed for the purpose
of providing financial assistance to several different types of organizations, exempt from federal
income tax under Code section 501(c)(3). It carried on no operations other than receiving
contributions and incidental investment income to make distributions to such exempt
organizations. Accordingly, the organization was held to be exempt from federal income tax
under Code section 501(c)(3).

Rev. Rul. 68-489, 1968-2 C.B. 210, describes an organization exempt from federal income tax
under Code section 501(c)(3) that distributed part of its funds to organizations not themselves
exempt under that provision. The exempt organization ensured use of the funds for Code
section 501(c)(3) purposes by limiting distributions to specific projects that were in furtherance
of its own exempt purposes. It retained control and discretion as to the use of the funds and
maintains records establishing that the funds were used for 501(c)(3) purposes.

Rev. Rul. 69-266, 1969-1 C.B. 152, describes an organization, which was created and
controlled by a medical doctor. The organization employed the doctor to conduct a program of
“medical research" which consisted of the doctor treating his patients on a fee for service basis
The organization was held not to be exempt under Code section 501(c)(3) because it served the
doctor's private interest.

Rev. Rul. 81-94, 1981-1 C.B. 330, describes a nonprofit organization formed by a professional
nurse. The organization described itself as a church. The nurse functioned as the church's
minister, director, and principal officer and "donated" the money from his/her outside
employment to the church. The only function the church performed was acting as a vehicle for
handling the nurse's personal finances. The revenue ruling held that the church was not exempt

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because it served the private interests of a designated individual rather than the public interest.

Revenue Procedure 2011-9 , Section 4.01. provides that the Internal Revenue Service will
recognize the tax-exempt status of an organization only if its application and supporting
documents establish that it meets the particular requirements of the section under which
exemption from federal income tax is claimed. Section 4.03 provides that exempt status may be
recognized in advance of the organization’s operations if its proposed operations are described
in sufficient detail to permit a conclusion that it will clearly meet the particular requirements for
exemption pursuant to the section of the Code under which exemption is claimed. Section
4.03(2) states that the organization must fully describe all of the activities in which it expects to
engage, including the standards, criteria, procedures or other means adopted or planned for
carrying out the activities, the anticipated sources of receipts, and the nature of contempiated
expenditures.

In Better Business Bureau of Washington, D.C., Inc. v. United States, 326 U.S. 179 (1945), the
Supreme Court held that the presence of a single non-exempt purpose, if substantial in nature,
will destroy a claim for exemption regardless of the number or importance of truly exempt
purposes.

Best Lock Corporation v. Commissioner. 31 T.C. 620 (1959), describes an organization that
made loans to family members and unsecured loans to friends of the founder and his family.
The court determined that these loans promoted private rather than charitable purposes. The
court upheld the denial of recognition of Code section 501(c)(3) status of the organization even
though the loans were repaid.

Leon A Beeghly v. Commissioner. 35 T.C. 490 (1960), provides that where an exempt
organization engages in a transaction with a related interest and there is a purpose to benefit
the private interest rather than the organization, exemption may be lost even though the
transaction ultimately proves profitable for the exempt organization.

In Harding Hospital, Inc. v. United States, 505 F.2d 1068 (1974), the court held that an
organization seeking a ruling as to recognition of its tax exempt status has the burden of proving
that it satisfies the requirements of the particular exemption statute. Whether an organization
has satisfied the operational test is a question of fact.

In Bubbling Well Church of Universal Love, Inc. v. Commissioner, 74 T.C. 531 (1980), in an
action for declaratory judgment pursuant to section 7428(a), the Tax Court considered an
adverse ruling by the IRS on an application for exempt status as a church. The applicant had
declined to furnish some information, and made answers to other inquiries that were vague and
uninformative. Based on the record, the Court held that the applicant had not shown that no
part of its net earnings inure to the benefit of the family or that petitioner was not operated for
the private benefit of its founders.

In National Association of American Churches v. Commissioner. 82 T.C. 18 (1984), the court
denied a petition for declaratory judgment that the organization qualified for exempt status as a
church. In addition to evidence of a pattern of tax-avoidance in its operations, the court noted
that the organization had failed to respond completely and candidly to IRS during administrative
processing of its application for exemption. An organization may not declare what information or

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questions are relevant in a determination process. It cited a number of declaratory relief actions
that upheld adverse rulings by the Service because of the failure of the applicants to provide full
and complete information on which the Service could make an informed decision

In United States v. Wells Fargo Bank, 485 U.S. 351, 108 S. Ct. 1179, 99L. Ed. 2d 368 (1987)
the Supreme Court held that an organization must prove unambiguously that it qualifies for a tax
exemption.

In Peoples Prize v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2004-12 (2004), the court upheld the Service's
determination that an organization failed to establish exemption when the organization failed to
provide requested information. The court stated, [Applicant] has, for the most part, provided
only generalizations in response to repeated requests by [the Service] for more detail on
prospective activities .... Such generalizations do not satisfy us that [applicant] qualifies for the
exemption."

In New Dynamics Foundation v. United States. 70 Fed. Cl. 782 (2006), the court found that the
administrative record supported the Service’s denial on the basis that the organization operated
for the private benefit of its founder, who had a history of promoting non exempt schemes. The
organization claimed that the founder had resigned and it had changed. However, there was
little evidence of change other than replacement of the founder with an acquaintance who had
no apparent qualifications. The court ruled against the applicant, stating that it had failed to bear
its burden of proof to establish that it qualified for exemption. The court said, “It is well-accepted
that, in initial qualification cases such as this, gaps in the administrative record are resolved
against the applicant”.

Application of Law:

Issue 1
You are not as described in section 501(c)(3) of the Code and section 501(c)(3)-1(a)(1) of the
regulations because you do not satisfy the operational requirements of the Code and
regulations. You are not operated exclusively for exempt purposes due to net earnings inuring in
whole or in part to your trustee, B, substantial private benefits accruing to individuals associated
with B, and the furthering of more than an insubstantial number of nonexempt purposes.

You are not described in Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(1) of the regulations. B has a personal and
private interest in your investment activities, which includes B’s business operations conducted
by or through G, H, and J.

You are not described in Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(2) of the regulations. You made two
disbursements of b dollars to G, to invest in B’s holdings. G also distributed funds to J
controlled by B’s wife. Moreover, J made tax-deductible distributions to you. J also made
distributions to B for his personal use. These transactions indicate that your net earnings are
inuring to your founder, a private shareholder.

You are not described in Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(d)(1)(ii) of the regulations. You are operating for
the private interest of individuals and entities associated with B. The fact that you invested in
entities controlled by B and subsequently received only partial interest in the Assignment of
Notes indicates you are operating to benefit these entities and B.

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You are not similar to the organization in Rev. Rul. 67-149 or Rev. Rul. 68-489. You did not
explain how your distributions to organizations not described in Section 501(c)(3) exclusively
furthered a Code section 501(c)(3) purpose. You did not show how you maintained sufficient
control and discretion to ensure your funds were used exclusively to further your intended
exempt purposes. You did not show that you have had adequate control and discretion. You did
not demonstrate that before making a distribution you obtained written agreements or had
procedures to follow up. You did not require reports to check that funds furthered your intended
charitable purposes.

You are similar to the organization described in Rev. Rul. 69-266 . Bis using you as a tool to
avoid income taxation. For example, J made distributions to you in 20: and 20 _ that totaled
over $ These disbursements offset the taxable income of J, which received most if
not all of its income from G. You also received interest payments from your investments in G
Starting in 20. These interest payments were deductions against G's taxable income. Both the
distributions and interest payments had the net result to reduce or eliminate taxable income for
G's members, including J. This allowed B to continue to have use of funds donated to you to
further B’s business and investment interests, and to reduce or eliminate taxable income.

You are similar to the organization in revenue ruling 81-94 because you are operating to serve
the private interests of B because B is using you as a vehicle to manage his finances.

You are like the entity in Leon Beeghly v. Commissioner because you made investments that
had a purpose to benefit B. For example,

e You made disbursements to G as investments. However, your funds disbursed to G
ended up in part being paid to B through J. Furthermore, your transfer of assets to G
constitutes a transfer of your financial resources for B’s use. Although you stated that the
investments and loans to G were to earna higher rate of return, they also served as a
source of funding for G to own real estate.

e Your disbursements to H were also made to benefit B. and can be characterized as
inurement. Initially, you indicated your distribution to D was a secured investment in H.
You subsequently admitted that this was a loan and B had signed the mortgage as the
manager of H. You also confirmed that H, was managed and % owned by B. You
also explained that the collateral was in the company H. In this situation, your
disbursement to H through D was a direct benefit to B because B managed H and is the
sole owner of H.

Moreover, your funds are being used to further the private interests of G, J, K, and H. The
disbursements of funds you made, although profitable to you and at rates that are reasonable,
nonetheless promote the interests of G, H, J, K and is a benefit to B, an insider. Although the
investments and loans may be a benefit to you, and in some instances are a better rate of return
than other investments, this does not overcome that your funds are used to further the private
interests of entities that are controlled or connected with your trustee B.

You are like the organization in Best Lock Corporation v. Commissioner, because you are
providing a private source of credit to B and his various businesses and business partners. For
example, you have provided investments to G, which only one third was evidenced by the
Assumption of Notes you provided. You also made a b dollar disbursement to D that was a loan

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to H, an LLC owned by B. You have also made other unsecured loans to B’s business

associates. Like the organization in the court case, you are promoting private rather than
charitable purposes.

You are similar to Better Business Bureau v. United States. Although you may have some
charitable purposes, the presence of the non-exempt purposes of operating for the private
interests of B and his business associates precludes exemption.

Issue 2:
You have not met the requirements of Revenue Procedure 201 1-9 , because you did not
provide information we asked for after repeated requests. For example:

¢ You were asked to provide distributions that J made to B since your inception. However,
you only provided 20° and 20_— distributions. You did not explain why you did not
provide the information for the prior years 20. 20. or 20

¢ The assignment of note documents from . were not dated as relating to their execution
but they were notarized in November 20 and June 20° You did not explain why the
dates of the assignments were notarized after funds were initially paid to G or why these
two assignments were notarized more than two and a half years apart.

¢ You did not explain why only was allocated in each assignment of note and
not the full interest in the recorded mortgages. You did not explain why the subsequent
disbursements were made more than two years before the second assignment of note.

You are similar to Bubbling Well Church of Universal Love, Inc. v. Commissioner. You have not
provided an open candid disclosure of facts. You have given answers to our inquiries that were
vague, contradicting, inconsistent and uninformative.

You were asked to describe various details of your investments and loans, but you did not
provide all of the requested information. For example:

e You described your disbursement to D initially as a secured investment. You later
admitted that it was a loan to H, an LLC owned by B. Moreover, the security for this loan
was H, the LLC itself. Although you described H’s basis for value as the secured equity
in the real estate of H you did not provide any further details regarding this equity or that
it was sufficient collateral.

¢ You were asked to describe K’s business, but did not provide an answer.

• Concerning the loan to individual E, you were asked to provide loan documents for this
  loan and to describe the loan’s purpose, the loan’s collateral, and how E was connected
  to you and to B. Although you did not provide all the information requested, you did write
  E was a business associate of B.

You are similar to the organization in National Association of American Churches. You have not
responded to questions completely and consistently. Moreover, we asked the same questions
multiple times and continually received incomplete and inconsistent details regarding your
operations.

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You are like the organization in Peoples Prize v. Commissioner, because you have only
provided generalizations and inconsistencies to our repeated requests. Therefore, like this
organization you have failed to establish exemption

You are similar to the organization in New Dynamics Foundation v. United States, because you
have not met the burden of establishing that you meet the statutory requirement under Section
501(c)(3) of the IRC. You continually failed to fully and consistently respond to several of our
questions. Moreover, your case was closed twice due to your failure to timely respond.

Applicant’s Position

Included with your answers to the additional information we requested were statements that you
provide support to charitable organizations providing charitable and educational services to poor
and needy individuals. In response to our claim that you have been unwilling to provide
information, you wrote that you believe that you have taken all measures to provide us with all
the information that has been requested in a professional and diligent manner. Additionally, you
wrote that you were answering questions to the “best of your ability.“

IRS Response to Applicant's Position

You failed to provide any additional information from which it can be concluded that you are
primarily organized and operated in accordance with section 501(c)(3). Although you state that
you have answered questions “to the best of your ability”, as in the court case United States v.
Wells Fargo Bank, you must prove unambiguously that you qualify for tax exemption.
Furthermore, similar to the organization in Harding Hospital, Inc. v. United States, 505 F.2d 1068
(1974), you have the burden of proving that you satisfy the requirements for tax exemption. You
have failed to prove that you are not operating for the benefit of your B, his businesses and his
business associates.

Conclusion

Based on the information submitted, you are not organized and operated exclusively for exempt
purposes as described in section 1.501(c)(3)-1(a)(1) of the regulations.

You are operated for the private benefit of B, an insider and your founder and trustee. You have
made distributions that ultimately flow to B. These distributions are prohibited inurement. Other
investments and loans to entities that are controlled by B, constitute more than an insubstantial
nonexempt purpose in addition to being prohibited inurement. You lack adequate control and
discretion for the all of the disbursements you made and this shows that you are not operating
within the requirements of Code section 501(c)(3). You further private interests, not public
interests. You further commercial and business interests, which constitute more than an
insubstantial nonexempt purpose. You have supplied inadequate evidence to show all
disbursements are reasonable. You have not met the requirement for open candid disclosure of
facts. You have not met your burden of establishing you are qualified for exemption.

Accordingly, you do not qualify for exemption as an organization described in Code section
501(c)(3).

Letter 4036(CG)(11-2005)
Catalog Number 47630W

11

Right to File a Protest

You have the right to file a protest if you believe this determination is incorrect. To protest, you
must submit a statement of your views and fully explain your reasoning. You must submit the
statement, signed by one of your officers, within 30 days from the date of this letter. We will
consider your statement and decide if the information affects our determination. If your
Statement does not provide a basis to reconsider our determination, we will forward your case to
our Appeals Office. You can find more information about the role of the Appeals Office in
Publication 892, Exempt Organization Appeal Procedures for Unagreed Issues.

Types of information that should be included in your appeal can be found on page 2 of
Publication 892, under the heading “Regional Office Appeal’. The statement of facts (item 4)
must be accompanied by the following declaration:

“Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined the statement of facts presented in
this appeal and in any accompanying schedules and statements and, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, they are true, correct, and complete.”

The declaration must be signed by an officer or trustee of the organization who has personal
knowledge of the facts.

Your appeal will be considered incomplete without this statement.

If an organization's representative submits the appeal, a substitute declaration must be included
Stating that the representative prepared the appeal and accompanying documents; and whether
the representative knows personally that the statements of facts contained in the appeal and
accompanying documents are true and correct

An attorney, certified public accountant, or an individual enrolled to practice before the IRS may
represent you during the appeal process. If you want representation during the appeal process,
you must file a proper power of attorney, Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of
Representative, if you have not already done so. You can find more information about
representation in Publication 947, Practice Before the IRS and Power of Attorney. All forms and
publications mentioned in this letter can be found at www.irs.gov, Forms and Publications.

If you do not file a protest within 30 days, you will not be able to file a suit for declaratory
judgment in court because the IRS will consider the failure to appeal as a failure to exhaust
available administrative remedies. Code section 7428(b)(2) provides, in part, that a declaratory
judgment or decree shall not be issued in any proceeding unless the Tax Court, the United
States Court of Federal Claims, or the District Court of the United States for the District of
Columbia determines that the organization involved has exhausted all of the administrative
remedies available to it within the IRS.

If you do not intend to protest this determination. you do not need to take any further action. If
we do not hear from you within 30 days, we will issue a final adverse determination letter. That
letter will provide information about filing tax returns and other matters.

Letter 4036(CG)(11-2005)
Catalog Number 47630W

12

Please send your protest statement, Form 2848, and any supporting documents to the
applicable address:

Mail to: Deliver to:
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
EO Determinations Quality Assurance EO Determinations Quality Assurance
Room 7-008 550 Main Street, Room 7-008
P.O. Box 2508 Cincinnati, OH 45202

Cincinnati, OH 45201
You may fax your statement using the fax number shown in the heading of this letter. If you fax
your statement, please call the person identified in the heading of this letter to confirm that he or
she received your fax.

If you have any questions, please contact the person whose name and telephone number are
shown in the heading of this letter.

Sincerely,

Lois Lerner
Director, Exempt Organizations

Enclosure, Publication 892

Letter 4036(CG)(11-2005)
Catalog Number 47630W