IRS denies section 501(c)(6) exemption to an association serving individual business interests

Plain-English summary

The IRS issued a final adverse determination denying exemption under IRC § 501(c)(6) to an association formed to serve health-care professionals. The association was controlled by one founder and had close ties to the founder's for-profit financial-services company. The IRS found that the organization provided particular services to individuals, referred business to the related company, and did not promote a common business interest as required for a business league. The organization was told that contributions were not deductible under IRC § 170 and that it could protest within 30 days.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Did the organization qualify as a tax-exempt business league under IRC § 501(c)(6)?
• Outcome: Denied
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 501(c)(6), 170, 6104, 6110, and 7428; Treas. Reg. § 1.501(c)(6)-1; Rev. Rul. 56-65; Rev. Rul. 66-338; Rev. Rul. 67-176; Rev. Rul. 76-409; Apartment Operations Ass'n v. Commissioner, 136 F. 2d 435 (1943)

Full text (IRS public release)

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20224

TAX EXEMPT AND
GOVERNMENT ENTITIES
DIVISION

Number: 201242016 Contact Person:
Release Date: 10/19/2012

Identification Number:
Date: July 27, 2012
Contact Number:

Employer Identification Number:
Form Required To Be Filed:

Tax Years:
UIL: 501.06-01

Dear

This is our final determination that you do not qualify for exemption from Federal income tax as
an organization described in Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(3). Recently, we sent you a
letter in response to your application that proposed an adverse determination. The letter
explained the facts, law and rationale, and gave you 30 days to file a protest. Since we did not
receive a protest within the requisite 30 days, the proposed adverse determination is now final.

Since you do not qualify for exemption as an organization described in Code section 501(c)(3),
donors may not deduct contributions to you under Code section 170. You must file Federal
income tax returns on the form and for the years listed above within 30 days of this letter, unless
you request an extension of time to file.

We will make this letter and our proposed adverse determination letter available for public
inspection under Code section 6110, after deleting certain identifying information. Please read
the enclosed Notice 437, Notice of Intention to Disclose, and review the two attached letters that
show our proposed deletions. If you disagree with our proposed deletions, you should follow
the instructions in Notice 437. If you agree with our deletions, you do not need to take any
further action.

In accordance with Code section 6104(c), we will notify the appropriate State officials of our
determination by sending them a copy of this final letter and the proposed adverse letter. You
should contact your State officials if you have any questions about how this determination may
affect your State responsibilities and requirements.

Letter 4038(CG) (11-2005)
Catalog Number 47632S

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If you have any questions about this letter, please contact the person whose name and
telephone number are shown in the heading of this letter. If you have any questions about your
Federal income tax status and responsibilities, please contact IRS Customer Service at
1-800-829-1040 or the IRS Customer Service number for businesses, 1-800-829-4933. The
IRS Customer Service number for people with hearing impairments is 1-800-829-4059.

Sincerely,

Holly O. Paz
Director, Exempt Organizations
Rulings and Agreements

Enclosure
Notice 437
Redacted Proposed Adverse Determination Letter
Redacted Final Adverse Determination Letter

Letter 4038(CG) (11-2005)
Catalog Number 47632S

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20224

TAX EXEMPT AND
GOVERNMENT ENTITIES
DIVISION

Date: June 8, 2012 Contact Person:
Identification Number:
Contact Number:
FAX Number:

Employer identification Number:

UIL: 501.06-01
D = Date of Incorporation
S = State
N = _ Corporation
p = Annual membership fee
Dear

We have considered your application for recognition of exemption from federal income tax
under Internal Revenue Code section 501(a). Based on the information provided, we have
concluded that you do not qualify for exemption under Code section 501(c)(6). The basis for
our conclusion is set forth below.

issue

Do you qualify for exemption under section 501(c)(6) of the Code? No, for the reasons
described below.

Facts

Your founder is the owner of a for-profit company, N. N provides financial products and
services.

You were incorporated on D, in the state of S with the following specific purposes.

o To promote the exchange of information and to communicate innovations and ideas in the
field of health care.

o To promote professional standards in the health fields.

o To promote and conduct educational workshops and seminars in the health fields.

o Through networking, share products and services that are available in the health fields, to
your members.

o To make distributions to organizations that qualify as exempt organizations under Section

501(c)(3), Section 501(c)(4) and Section 501(c)(6) or any state, territory or political
subdivision exempt under section 115 of the United States Internal Revenue Code.

Your founder is the sole member of your governing body and holds all positions in the
organization. Your Articles of Incorporation provide for two classes of members, founding
members and appointed members. You have no Bylaws. You stated in correspondence that you
currently have two members, your founder and a CPA, who is also affiliated with N. You also
refer to individuals who attend your programs and pay your fees as members.

You are dedicated to improving the business conditions of the health care professionals’
industry through your activities. Your application for exemption included a variety of services to
health care professionals such as seminars on marketing strategies, access to patient pools,
training on treatment techniques, consulting services and a relationship with your founder’s for-
profit organization, N. You are intended to be a forum for the exchange of information that will
improve the profitability and longevity of your health care professional members and improve
conditions in health care professional industries you serve.

When asked questions about your activities, your mission and activities changed. Your modified
activities consist of educational seminars and programs on pensions and personal financial
planning for licensed health care professionals. You will market your seminars by mailing
invitations to doctors’ offices. Descriptions of seminars also can be found on your web site. You
plan to hold a minimum of four seminars per year. Your founder, the CPA and another
individual, also connected with N, will conduct the seminars. Your sample seminar materials
specifically presented your founder’s financial planning program. For example, seminar topics
include, in pertinent part, how to:

o obtain stock market gains without exposure to stock market losses.

o accumulate guaranteed principle, guaranteed return, increments of guaranteed income.

o guarantee the recovery of losses of personal and retirement plan savings through
guaranteed income.

o use pre-tax earnings from health care professional practice to repay student loans.

o accelerate pension contributions.

Your web site does not clearly distinguish you from N. Each page is headed with your name.
The web site states N’s method “creates substantial savings — in excess of two million dollars on
average - with no risk.” You show individuals “how to redirect monies currently paid as taxes
into ...[a] personal retirement and savings fund.” You show how to incorporate for tax
advantages, design cash accumulation plans, develop tax strategies, create a retirement plan,
minimize or eliminate capital gains taxes, build walls of protection from creditor claims and
minimize or eliminate estate taxes.

You will continue to operate closely with N. N may refer prospective members to you, and you
may refer members to N for financial products and services. Your services may come from a
variety of vendors, including N. Other vendors are selected by past relationships with your
founder.

Income will include “association dues” of $p per year per member. You may also receive
attendance fees for your seminars and fees from sponsorships.

No detail was provided on expenses. However, you state your founder and the CPA have a

verbal agreement that they may be compensated.

As part of your mission to improve the business conditions of the health care professional
industry, you may provide your members the opportunity to join a benefits plan. The plan would
provide life insurance to plan members aimed at providing financial stability to the industry by
providing a means under which health care professionals can ensure continuation of their
businesses. The insurance would be term life, the cost of which would be set by the insurance
company. At present, no specific insurance policy or carrier has been identified or contacted
pertaining to the plan. The term premiums associated with the purchase of the plan would be
paid from membership dues and represent the annual premiums associated with the specific
insurance policy being purchased. It is anticipated that initially you will own the policies,
although the beneficiaries of the policies will be your members.

Law

Section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 provides exemption from federal income
tax for business leagues not organized for profit, and no part of the net earnings of which inures to
the benefit of any private shareholder or individual.

Section 1.501(c)(6)-1 of the Income Tax Regulations states that a business league is an
association of persons having some common business interest, the purpose of which is to promote
such common interest and not to engage in a regular business of a kind ordinarily carried on for
profit. It is an organization of the same general class as a chamber of commerce or board of trade.
Thus, its activities should be directed to the improvement of business conditions of one or more
lines of business as distinguished from the performance of particular services for individual
persons. An organization, whose purpose is to engage in a regular business of a kind ordinarily
carried on for profit, even though the business is conducted on a cooperative basis or produces
only sufficient income to be self-sustaining, is not a business league.

Revenue Ruling 56-65, 1956-1 C.B. 199 denied exemption to a local organization whose
principal activity consisted of furnishing particular information and specialized individual service
to its individual members engaged in a particular industry, through publications and other means
to effect economies in the operation of their individual businesses.

Revenue Ruling 66-338, 1966-2 C.B. 226 describes a nonprofit organization formed to promote
the interests of a particular retail trade. Field representatives of the organization call on the
members to consult with them and advise them on their individual business problems. The
advice furnished includes assistance in planning modernization and layouts of the members'
stores. As part of their calls, the field representatives also inform the members about supplies,
equipment, and additional services which the organization can make available to the members
at low prices. This includes office and store operating supplies, store fixtures and display
accessories, store layout and merchandising services, and electronic management services.
The activities provide the members of the organization with an economy and convenience in the
conduct of their individual businesses by enabling them to secure supplies, equipment, and
services more cheaply than if they had to secure them on an individual basis. Therefore, the
activities constitute the performance of particular services for individual persons as
distinguished from activities aimed at the improvement of business conditions in their trade as a
whole. The organization was denied exemption under section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

Revenue Ruling 67-176; 1967-1 C.B. 140; 1967 stated that an organization formed to provide
specific services to members, who are students preparing for a given profession, in the form of
grants, loans, insurance, discounts, etc. on matters relating to their professional practices did
not qualify for exemption under section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

Revenue Ruling 76-409, 1976-2 C.B. 154 denied exemption to an organization whose principal
activity is the publication and distribution of an annual directory consisting almost entirely of
members’ names, addresses, and telephone numbers. The directory is distributed free to those
members of the business community who are likely to require the services of the profession. It
was held, the publication and distribution of a directory containing the names and addresses of
members constitutes advertising for individuals, and therefore, is the performance of particular
services to members rather than an activity aimed at the improvement of general business
conditions.

In Apartment Operations Ass'n v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 136 F. 2d 435 (1943), the
court denied exemption as a business league. The organization was an apartment owners’
association which regularly carried on a business of a kind ordinarily conducted for profit and
performed particular services for individual persons. These services consisted of acting as a
clearing house for information about tenants, including the operation of apartment houses, and
about legislation affecting the business; gave counsel and advice to its members and did what it
could to promote their welfare; secured information about prices for necessary goods for the
apartments; and represented its members in labor disputes and negotiations. The Court held
the organization regularly carries on business of a kind ordinarily conducted for profit, and
performs particular services for individual persons. There is no showing that business done or
the activities described were merely incidental to the organization's total activities.

Application of Law

You are not described in section 501(c)(6) of the Code because you are not an association of
members. You are controlled by one individual, your founder, who holds all governance positions.
The individual described as your second member is also affiliated with your founder’s for-profit
organization, N, and there is no indication he has any authority in your operations. In your Articles
of Incorporation “Founding Members” and “Appointed Members’ are differentiated. However, terms
and qualifications are not specified, and your Bylaws were not provided. Even though you use
“members” to describe those attending your seminars and paying your fees, there is no indication
these individuals have a voice in your operation.

Section 501(c)(6) of the Code requires that no part of your net earnings may inure to the benefit of
any private shareholder or individual. You are controlled by your founder, and your founder will
benefit either directly through your operation or indirectly through expanded business to N. You
were formed to market your founder’s financial planning seminars and direct individuals to N for the
purchase of financial products. You are not described in IRC section 501(c)(6) because you were
formed to provide particular services to individuals and therefore, operate similar to a for-profit
business. Your operation serves to benefit N, your related for-profit entity, as well as your founder.

You are not described in Section 1.501(c)(6)-1 of the Income Tax Regulations because the facts
show you are not formed to promote the common business interests of a particular industry or
trade. Rather, you provide a referral service by referring individuals whom you identify as members
to N. You engage in a regular business of the kind ordinarily carried on for profit in that you provide
a specific service, financial planning seminars and programs, that it would otherwise be necessary

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for individual members to engage on their own or through another entity.

You do not meet certain basic tests required to be exempt under IRC section 501(c)(6). As stated
in the regulations, one of the tests is that you must be an association of persons having some
common business interest, and your purpose must be to promote that common business interest.
The common business interest of your two members that you promote is the business interest of
N, your related for-profit entity. An organization exempt under IRC section 501(c)(6) must not be
organized for profit, must be a membership organization and have a meaningful extent of
membership support. However, in your operation you feed business to N, a for-profit business
organization. You have two members, both of whom are significantly involved in the organization
and operation of both your organization and N, the for-profit, as well. Section 501(c)(6) of the Code
requires that no part of the organization’s net earnings may inure to the benefit of any private
shareholder or individual. By feeding business to N, the for-profit owned in part by your officer and
where both of your members are beneficiaries of N’s for-profit enterprise, net earnings do inure to
the for-profit. Section 1.501(c)(6)-1 of the regulations requires that the organization’s activities
must be directed to the improvement of business conditions of one or more lines of business as
distinguished from the performance of particular services for individual persons. However, you
provide particular services for individual persons in that you seek to educate members on pension
planning while selling them insurance. An organization recognized as tax-exempt under section
501(c)(6) of the Code must not engage in a regular business of a kind ordinarily carried on for
profit, even if the business is operated on a cooperative basis or produces only sufficient income to
be self-sustaining. However, as previously noted, your operation serves a profit making purpose in
that you promote and feed business to N, the for-profit.

Like the organization in Revenue Ruling 56-65 you are providing a particular service to
businesses by making referrals to N. You are not benefiting the common business interests of
all businesses involved with your industry. Your activity constitutes performance of a particular
service to your clients. You are providing services to clients that are similar to a business that is
ordinarily carried on for profit. Even if the individuals attending seminars were considered
members of the organization, providing financial planning seminars is a particular service, and
since this is your primary activity, exemption is precluded.

Similar to the organization in Revenue Ruling 66-338, your organization was formed to
provide consulting to individual businesses. By referring your clients to N or other
vendors vetted by you, you are providing the clients with a service that they would
otherwise have to secure on their own. Although the activities of your organization may
not be the same specific activities addressed in the revenue ruling, denial of exemption
is based on the performance of a particular service for clients, which makes the ruling
relevant to your activities.

You are like the organization in Revenue Ruling 67-176, which not qualify for exemption under
section 501(c)(6), because in your operation you provide insurance products to your members.

You are also like the organizations in Revenue Ruling 76-409, where the organizations acted as
employment agencies for their members. Although your organization does not publish a
directory, you do refer clients to N and possibly to current and future vendors in order to secure
beneficial business deals. This creates a convenience and economy for the clients that they
would otherwise have to purchase independently.

You are like the organization in Apartment Operations Ass'n v. Commissioner of Internal

Revenue, 136 F. 2d 435. Like the organization in this case, you provide professional services
for the benefit of your members. Similar to a business ordinarily carried on for profit, you render
particular services for individual members rather than promoting the general business conditions
of the industry as a whole.

Applicant’s Position

You believe you are exempt under 501(c)(6) and have met all requirements for exemption under
501(c)(6).

Service Response to Applicant's Position

You have not recognized the significance of the relationship with a for-profit entity controlled by
insiders, as well as the provision of services and benefits to individuals, as factors that disqualify
an applicant from exemption under section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

Conclusion

The facts clearly show you are not operated as a business league. Your activities are not
directed to the improvement of business conditions of one or more lines of business, or any
other purpose defined in IRC section 501(c)(6). Rather, your activities and purposes are
directed at providing specific services for your members and referring your clients to N, a for-
profit enterprise, which was founded and is operated by your officer and founder. Accordingly,
you do not qualify for exemption as an organization described in section 501(c)(6) of the Code.

You have the right to file a protest if you believe this determination is incorrect. To protest, you
must submit a statement of your views and fully explain your reasoning. You must submit the
statement, signed by one of your officers, within 30 days from the date of this letter.

We will consider your statement and decide if that information affects our determination. If your
statement does not provide a basis to reconsider our determination, we will forward your case to
our Appeals Office. You can find more information about the role of the Appeals Office in
Publication 892, Exempt Organization Appeal Procedures for Unagreed Issues.

Types of information that should be included in your appeal can be found on page 2 of
Publication 892, under the heading “Regional Office Appeal”. These items include:

The organization’s name, address, and employer identification number;

A statement that the organization wants to appeal the determination;

The date and symbols on the determination letter;

A statement of facts supporting the organization’s position in any contested factual
issue;

A statement outlining the law or other authority the organization is relying on; and
A statement as to whether a hearing is desired.

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On

The statement of facts (item 4) must be declared true under penalties of perjury. This may be
done by adding to the appeal the following signed declaration:

“Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined the statement of facts presented in
this appeal and in any accompanying schedules and statements and, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, they are true, correct, and complete.”

Your appeal will be considered incomplete without this statement.

If an organization’s representative submits the appeal, a substitute declaration must be included
stating that the representative prepared the appeal and accompanying documents; and whether
the representative knows personally that the statements of facts contained in the appeal and
accompanying documents are true and correct.

An attorney, certified public accountant, or an individual enrolled to practice before the Internal
Revenue Service may represent you during the appeal process. To be represented during the
appeal process, you must file a proper power of attorney, Form 2848, Power of Attorney and
Declaration of Representative, if you have not already done so. For more information about
representation, see Publication 947, Practice Before the IRS and Power of Attorney. All forms
and publications mentioned in this letter can be found at www.irs.gov, Forms and Publications.
If you do not intend to protest this determination, you do not need to take any further action. If
we do not hear from you within 30 days, we will issue a final adverse determination letter to you.
That letter will provide information about filing tax returns and other matters.

Please send your protest statement, Form 2848 and any supporting documents to the
applicable address:

Mail to: Deliver to:
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
EO Determinations Quality Assurance EO Determinations Quality Assurance
Room 7-008 550 Main Street, Room 7-008
P.O. Box 2508 _ Cincinnati, OH 45202

Cincinnati, OH 45201

You may also fax your statement using the fax number shown in the heading of this letter. If
you fax your statement, please call the person identified in the heading of this letter to confirm
that he or she received your fax.

If you have any questions, please contact the person whose name and telephone number are
shown in the heading of this letter.

Sincerely,

Lois Lerner
Director, Exempt Organizations

Enclosure, Publication 892