Unauthorized Form 872-I signature did not extend assessment period

Plain-English summary

Chief Counsel advice considers whether a Form 872-I validly extended the assessment period when it was signed by a Revenue Agent without delegated authority. The IRS concludes that the consent was ineffective because the authorized manager's later ratification occurred after the assessment period had expired. The advice also states that a copy of the form should be sent to the taxpayers or their authorized representative under the Internal Revenue Manual.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Whether an unauthorized Form 872-I signature and later ratification extended the assessment period.
• Outcome: Advice given, the extension was ineffective and the form should be released.
• Key authorities: IRC § 6502; Treas. Reg. § 301.6502-1; Delegation Order 25-2.

Full text (IRS public release)

       Office of Chief Counsel
       Internal Revenue Service
       memorandum
       Number: 201235009
       Release Date: 8/31/2012
       CC:PA:B2:DJKIM
       POSTN-110757-12

UILC: 6501.08-07

date: May 07, 2012

 to:   Edward F. Peduzzi, Jr.
       Associate Area Counsel (Small Business/Self-Employed)
       Pittsburgh, PA

from: Ashton P. Trice
Chief, Branch 2 (Procedure & Administration)

subject: Validity of Consent to Extend the Statute of Limitations on Assessment

       This Chief Counsel Advice responds to your request for assistance. This advice may
       not be used or cited as precedent.

       ISSUES

       1. Whether the period of limitations on assessment has expired on the basis that the
       Revenue Agent who signed the consent, Form 872-I, to extend the period did not have
       the delegated authority to sign the consent on behalf of the Internal Revenue Service.

       2. Whether a copy of the executed Form 872-I should be given to the taxpayers’
       representative.

       CONCLUSIONS

       1. The period of limitations on assessment for taxpayer’s taxable year 2005 has expired
       because the Revenue Agent was not authorized to sign the Form 872-I and the Campus
       Compliance Services Department Manager attempt to ratify the Revenue Agent’s
       signature is ineffective.

       2. A copy of this Form 872-I should be sent to the taxpayers, or their authorized
       representative, in accordance with the Internal Revenue Manual.

POSTN-110757-12 2

FACTS

The facts, as provided in your March 8, 2012 memorandum from your office, essentially
are as follows:

Taxpayers’ income tax return for taxable year 2005 were under examination. The tax
return was timely filed in October of 2006 pursuant to an extension of time to file.
Based upon this extension, the period of limitations on assessment for taxable year
2005 would expire in October of 2009.

Taxpayers’ representative, through a valid power of attorney, signed a Form 872-I,
Consent to Extend the Time to Assess Tax as Well as Tax Attributable to Items of a
Partnership, on August 24, 2009. A Revenue Agent serving in the SB/SE Campus
Compliance function signed the consent on September 10, 2009. A Campus
Compliance Services Department Manager attempted to ratify this signature on January
25, 2012.

A copy of the Form 872-I was not sent to the taxpayers, or their authorized
representative, after the Service Center Department Manager’s attempt to ratify the
Revenue Agent’s signature.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

The Form 872-I Was Not Properly Signed or Ratified
To be valid, an agreement by the taxpayer to extend the statute of limitations on
assessment must be (1) in writing; (2) entered into before the expiration of the original
collection period or a previously agreed upon extension; and (3) executed by the
taxpayer and an authorized delegate of the Commissioner. I.R.C. § 6502(a); Treas.
Reg. § 301.6502-1(a)(2)(i). In an Action on Decision regarding Rohde v. United States,
415 F.2d 695 (9th Cir. 1969), the Service acceded that, under applicable Treasury
Regulations, the Commissioner (or his delegate) must counter-sign a waiver form prior
to the expiration of the period of limitations for the waiver to be effective. AOD-1973-
442, 1973 WL 35098 (IRS AOD). Although Rohde only addressed the validity of a
waiver of the six-year period of limitations on collection after assessment, the AOD
states that the signature requirement also applies to extensions of time for the
assessment of income tax (i.e. Form 872). Id.

Delegation Order 25-2, effective since July 2009, gives the authority to sign a consent
extending the period of assessment to SB/SE Campus Compliance personnel who are
department managers or higher. Previously, under Delegation Order 42 (Revision 28),
Service Center personnel assigned to the Examination Support Unit (i.e. Campus
Compliance personnel) at Grade GS-11 or higher could execute consents to extend the
period of assessment.
POSTN-110757-12 3

Under your facts, the Revenue Agent signed the consent prior to the expiration of the
period of assessment, but did not have authority to do so under Delegation Order 25-2.
It is irrelevant that the Revenue Agent was previously authorized to sign the consent
under the former delegation order. Therefore, consent was not effectuated by the
agent’s signature.

The attempted ratification of the Revenue Agent’s signature by the Campus Compliance
Services Department Manager does not make the consent valid because the manager’s
signature did not occur before the assessment period expired. The doctrine of
ratification “is the affirmance of a prior act done by another, whereby the act is given
effect as if done by an agent acting with actual authority.” Restatement (Third) of
Agency, Ratification § 4.01 (2006). A ratification of a transaction is not effective if it
would cause adverse or inequitable effects on the rights of third parties. Restatement
(Third) of Agency, Ratification § 4.05 (2006). The Supreme Court has held:

  The intervening rights of third persons cannot be defeated by the
  ratification. In other words, it is essential that the party ratifying should be
  able not merely to do the act ratified at the time the act was done, but also
  at the time the ratification was made.

Federal Election Commission v. NRA Political Victory Fund, 513 U.S. 88, 98 (1994),
citing Cook v. Tullis, 85 U.S. 332 (1874) (emphasis added).1 Under this rule, the
Campus Compliance Services Department Manager could not ratify the Revenue
Agent’s signature because the attempted ratification occurred after the period for
assessment had expired and the Manager could not have validly signed the consent at
that time.

Release of Form 872-I

A copy of the Form 872-I with the Campus Compliance Services Department Manager’s
attempted ratification should be sent to the taxpayers, or their authorized representative,
in accordance with the Internal Revenue Manual. See I.R.M. 25.6.22.5.11 (08-26-
2011).

This writing may contain privileged information. Any unauthorized disclosure of this
writing may undermine our ability to protect the privileged information. If disclosure is
determined to be necessary, please contact this office for our views.

Please call (202) 622-4940 if you have any further questions.

1
The Supreme Court in Federal Election Commission used the Restatement (Second)
of Agency § 90 (1958) in their analysis. This section corresponds to the Restatement
(Third) of Agency § 4.05. See Restatement (Third) of Agency § 4.05, comment a.