PLR 1219036: IRS waives rollover deadlines and grants recharacterization relief

Plain-English summary

The taxpayer asked the IRS to address several retirement-account errors made when financial-service personnel deposited funds into a Roth IRA instead of the intended traditional IRA. The IRS waived the 60-day rollover requirement for three distributions and allowed 60 days to contribute those amounts to the traditional IRA, subject to the other rollover rules. The IRS also granted up to 60 days to recharacterize a separate contribution as a contribution to the traditional IRA. The relief was based on the financial institution's errors, the taxpayer's lack of awareness, and the absence of resulting government prejudice.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could the taxpayer receive rollover and recharacterization relief after financial-service personnel placed amounts in the wrong IRA accounts?
• Outcome: Approved
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 72, 408(d)(3), 408A(d)(6), and 6110(k)(3); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.408A-5 and 301.9100-3; Rev. Proc. 2003-16

Full text (IRS public release)

201219036

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20224

TAX EXEMPT AND
GOVERNMENT ENTITIES
DIVISION

U.I.L. 408.03-00, 408A.00-00, 9100.00-00

FEB 13 2012

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

T:EP:RA:T3

Legend:
Taxpayer A = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
IRA V = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
IRA W = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
IRA X = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Bank B = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Amount C = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Amount D = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Amount E = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Amount F = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Company C = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Company E = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Individual F = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Individual G = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

IRA Y = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

201219036

Roth IRA Z = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Date 1 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Date 2 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Date 3 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Date 4 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Dear XXXXXXXXX:

This is in response to your letter dated XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX, as supplemented by
correspondence dated XXXXXXXXXXXXX, submitted on your behalf by your authorized
representative, requesting a waiver of the 60-day rollover requirement contained in
section 408(d)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and relief under sections
301.9100-1 and 301.9100-3 of the Procedure and Administration Regulations (the
“Regulations”).

The following facts and representations have been submitted under penalties of perjury
in support of your request.

You represent that you maintained three IRA Certificates of Deposit (CDs) with Bank B,
IRA V, IRA W, and IRA X. You also maintained IRA Y and Roth IRA Z with Company E,
a provider of financial services and broker-dealer for Company C. Individual F, a
certified financial planner with Company C is your financial advisor.

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On Date 1, IRA V matured and you intended to roll over the proceeds into IRA Y. You
delivered a check from Bank B in the amount of Amount C and made out to Taxpayer A
IRA to Company C with instructions to deposit the amount in IRA Y. However,
Individual G, an employee of Company C, erroneously deposited the check in Roth IRA
Z, and Individual F, who supervised Individual G, failed to catch the error.

On Date 2, you mailed a check to Company C, made out to Company E in the amount
of Amount D. The memo section of the check contained the note “Taxpayer A 2006
IRA.” Prior to mailing the check you notified Individual F that you were sending a
contribution to IRA Y. However, when the check was received, Individual G deposited
the funds in Roth IRA Z. As in the prior transaction, Individual F did not catch the error.

Shortly after Date 2, on Date 3 and Date 4 you received distributions from IRA W and
IRA X in the amounts of Amount E and Amount F respectively. In order to accomplish a
trustee to trustee transfer, Bank B made the checks out to “Taxpayer A Traditional IRA.”
However, Individual G again placed the funds in Roth IRA Z and Individual F did not

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catch the error. In filing your federal Income Tax Returns in 2006 and 2007 you
reported tax-free rollovers of Amounts C, E and F and the contribution of Amount D as a
deductible contribution to IRA Y. You assert that the errors made by Individual G were
not determined until May 21, 2010, when you contacted Individual F for a review of your
assets with Company E.

In a letter dated March 8, 2011, Individual F admitted that her former employee,
Individual G had put the incorrect account number on the checks and that she failed to
double check the account number as it being the correct one.

You assert that your failure to accomplish rollovers of Amounts C, E and F within the
60-day period was due to an error committed by Company E.

Based upon the foregoing facts and representations, you request that the Service waive
the 60-day rollover requirement with respect to the distributions of Amount C, Amount E,
and Amount F from IRA V, IRA W and IRA X, and that Amount D be re-characterized as
a contribution to IRA Y.

Section 408(d)(1) of the Code provides that, except as otherwise provided in section
408(d), any amount paid or distributed out of an IRA shall be included in gross income
by the payee or distributee, as the case may be, in the manner provided under section 72
of the Code.

Section 408(d)(3) of the Code defines and provides the rules applicable to IRA rollovers.

Section 408(d)(3)(A) of the Code provides that section 408(d)(1) of the Code does not
apply to any amount paid or distributed out of an IRA to the individual for whose benefit
the IRA is maintained if-

(i) the entire amount received (including money and any other property) is paid
into an IRA for the benefit of such individual not later than the 60th day after the
day on which the individual received the payment or distribution; or

(ii) the entire amount received (including money and any other property) is paid
into an eligible retirement plan (other than an IRA) for the benefit of such
individual not later than the 60th day after the date on which the payment or
distribution is received, except that the maximum amount which may be paid
into such plan may not exceed the portion of the amount received which is
includible in gross income (determined without regard to section 408(d)(3)).

Section 408(d)(3)(B) of the Code provides that section 408(d)(3) does not apply to any
amount described in section 408(d)(3)(A)(i) received by an individual from an IRA if at
any time during the 1-year period ending in the day of such receipt such individual
received any other amount described in section 408(d)(3)(A)(i) from an IRA which was
not included in gross income because of the application of section 408(d)(3).

4 201219036

Section 408(d)(3)(D) of the Code provides a similar 60-day rollover period for partial
rollovers.

Section 408(d)(3)(I) of the Code provides that the Secretary may waive the 60-day
requirement under sections 408(d)(3)(A) and 408(d)(3)(D) of the Code where the failure
to waive such requirement would be against equity and good conscience, including
casualty, disaster, or other events beyond the reasonable control of the individual
subject to such requirement. Only distributions that occur after December 31, 2001, are
eligible for the waiver under section 408(d)(3)(I) of the Code.

Rev. Proc. 2003-16, 2003-4 I.R.B. 359, provides that in determining whether to grant a
waiver of the 60-day rollover requirement pursuant to section 408(d)(3)(I), the Service
will consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including: (1) errors committed by a
financial institution; (2) inability to complete a rollover due to death, disability, or
hospitalization, incarceration, restrictions imposed by a foreign country or postal error;
(3) the use of amount distributed (for example, in the case of payment by check,
whether the check was cashed); and (4) the time elapsed since the distribution
occurred.

The information presented and documentation submitted by you is consistent with your
assertion that your failure to accomplish rollovers of Amounts C, E and F to IRA Y was
caused by errors committed by Individual F and Individual G of Company C.
Specifically, Individual G erroneously deposited the funds into Roth IRA Z rather than
traditional IRA Y as instructed.

Therefore, pursuant to section 408(d)(3)(I) of the Code, the Service hereby waives the
60-day rollover requirement with respect to the distribution of Amount C from IRA V,
Amount E from IRA W, and Amount F from IRA X. You are granted a period of 60 days
from the issuance of this ruling letter to contribute Amount C, Amount E and Amount F
into IRA Y. Provided all other requirements of Code section 408(d)(3), except the 60-
day requirement, are met with respect to such IRA contribution, the Service will treat
the contribution of these amounts to IRA Y as rollover contributions within the meaning
of Code section 408(d)(3).

With respect to your request for relief under section 301.9100-3 of the Regulations with
respect to Amount D, section 408A(d)(6) of the Code and section 1.408A-5 of the federal
Income Tax Regulations (the “I.T. Regulations”) provide that, except as otherwise
provided by the Secretary, a taxpayer may elect to recharacterize an IRA contribution
made to one type of IRA as having originally been made to another type of IRA by
making a trustee-to-trustee transfer of the IRA contribution, plus earnings, to the other
type of IRA. In a recharacterization, the IRA contribution is treated as having been made
to the transferee IRA and not the transferor IRA. Under section 408A(d)(6) of the Code
and section 1.408A-5 of the I.T. Regulations, this recharacterization election generally

5 201219036

must occur on or before the date prescribed by law, including extensions, for filing the
taxpayer's federal income tax returns for the year of contribution.

Section 1.408A-5, Q&A-6 of the I.T. Regulations describes how a taxpayer makes the
election to recharacterize the IRA contribution. To recharacterize an amount that has
been converted from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA: (1) the taxpayer must notify the
Roth IRA trustee of the taxpayer's intent to recharacterize the amount, (2) the taxpayer
must provide the trustee (and the transferee trustee, if different from the transferor
trustee) with specified information that is sufficient to effect the recharacterization, and
(3) the trustee must make the transfer.

Section 301.9100-1, 301.9100-2, and 301.9100-3 of the Regulations provide guidance
concerning requests for relief submitted to the Service on or after December 31, 1997.
Section 301.9100-1(c) provides that the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, in his
discretion, may grant a reasonable extension of the time fixed by a regulation, a
revenue ruling, a revenue procedure, a notice, or an announcement published in the
Internal Revenue Bulletin for the making of an election or application for relief in respect
of tax under, among others, Subtitle A of the Code.

Section 301.9100-2 of the Regulations lists certain elections for which automatic
extensions of time to file are granted. Section 301.9100-3 generally provides guidance
with respect to the granting of relief with respect to those elections not referenced in
section 301.9100-2. The relief requested in this case is not referenced in section
301.9100-2.

Section 301.9100-3 of the Regulations provides that applications for relief that fall within
section 301.9100-3 will be granted when the taxpayer provides sufficient evidence
(including affidavits described in section 301.9100-3(e)(2)) to establish that (1) the
taxpayer acted reasonably and in good faith, and (2) granting relief would not prejudice
the interests of the Government.

Section 301.9100-3(b)(1) of the Regulations provides that a taxpayer will be deemed to
have acted reasonably and in good faith (i) if its request for section 301.9100-1 relief is
filed before the failure to make a timely election is discovered by the Service; (ii) if the
taxpayer inadvertently failed to make the election because of intervening events beyond
the taxpayer's control; (iii) if the taxpayer failed to make the election because, after
exercising reasonable diligence, the taxpayer was unaware of the necessity for the
election; (iv) the taxpayer reasonably relied upon the written advice of the Service; or
(v) the taxpayer reasonably relied on a qualified tax professional, including a tax
professional employed by the taxpayer, and the tax professional failed to make, or
advise the taxpayer to make, the election.

Section 301.9100-3(c)(1)(i) of the Regulations provides that the interests of the
Government are prejudiced if granting relief would result in a taxpayer having a lower

6 201219036

tax liability in the aggregate for all taxable years affected by the election than the
taxpayer would have had if the election had been timely made.

Section 301.9100-3(c)(1)(ii) of the Regulations provides that ordinarily the interests of
the Government will be treated as prejudiced and that ordinarily the Service will not
grant relief when tax years that would have been affected by the election had it been
timely made are closed by the statute of limitations before the taxpayer's receipt of a
ruling granting relief under this section.

The information presented and documentation submitted by you is consistent with your
assertion that your failure to elect to recharacterize Amount D as a contribution to a
traditional IRA on or before the date prescribed by law, including extensions, for filing
your Federal Income Tax Return for the year of contribution, was a result of your lack of
awareness that the contribution had been made to the Roth IRA and therefore that there
was a necessity to make an election to recharacterize it. Upon discovering that the
contribution had been deposited in the wrong account, you submitted this request for
relief under section 301.9100 to the Service.

Based on the above, you meet the requirements of section 301.9100-3(b)(1) of the
Regulations, clauses (i) and (iii) for the 2006 tax year. In addition, we find that the
interests of the government are not prejudiced in this case, because granting relief does
not result in you having a lower tax liability in the aggregate for all taxable years affected
by the election that than you would have had if the election had been timely made.

Accordingly, you are granted a period not to exceed 60 days from the date of this letter
ruling to recharacterize the contribution of Amount D as a contribution to IRA Y.

This letter assumes that the above IRAs qualify under either Code section 408 or Code
section 408A at all relevant times.

No opinion is expressed as to the tax treatment of the transactions described herein
under the provisions of any other section of either the Code or regulations, which may
be applicable thereto.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer that requested it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the
Code provides that it may not be used or cited by others as precedent.

A copy of this letter is being sent to your authorized representative in accordance with
Form 2848 on file in this office.

7 201219036

If you have any questions concerning this ruling, please contact XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX,
SE:T:EP:RA:T3, at XXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

Sincerely yours,

[illegible]
Laura B. Warshawsky, Manager
Employee Plans Technical Group 3

Enclosures:
Deleted copy of letter ruling
Notice 437

CC: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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