Determination 1039036: IRS revoked a social club’s exemption after nonmember income exceeded the statutory threshold

Plain-English summary

The IRS revoked a social club’s exemption under IRC § 501(c)(7), effective January 1, 20XX. The club operated a restaurant, bar, banquet hall, and golf course, and allowed nonmembers to use its facilities. Its nonmember receipts were 23.3% and 21.8% of gross receipts in the examined years, exceeding the 15% limit for nonmember use of facilities. The IRS concluded that the club was engaged in business and was no longer operated exclusively for its members’ pleasure and recreation.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Did the social club continue to qualify for exemption under IRC § 501(c)(7) when nonmember income repeatedly exceeded 15% of gross receipts?
• Outcome: Revocation
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 277 and 501(c)(7); Treas. Reg. § 1.501(c)(7)-1; Public Law 94-568; Rev. Ruls. 58-589, 60-324, 66-149, and 68-119; Rev. Proc. 71-17

Full text (IRS public release)

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
TE/GE EO Examinations, MC 4920 DAL
1100 Commerce Street

Dallas, TX 75242
TAX EXEMPT AND 501.07-00

GOVERNMENT ENTITIES
DIVISION

Release Number: 201039036
Release Date: 10/1/10

LEGEND Date: June 22, 2010
ORG = Organization name
XX = Date Address = address Taxpayer Identification Number:
Form:
ORG Tax Year Ended
ADDRESS Person to Contact/ID Number:
Contact Numbers:
Voice:
Fax:

CERTIFIED MAIL — RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Dear

In a determination letter dated January 19XX, you were held to be exempt from Federal
income tax under section 501(c)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code).

Based on recent information received, we have determined you have not operated in
accordance with the provisions of section 501(c)(7) of the Code. Your nonmember
income exceeds the 15% nonmember threshold as outlined in Public Law 94-568 and
IRC 501(c)(7). Accordingly, your exemption from Federal income tax is revoked
effective January 1, 20XX. This is a final adverse determination letter with regard to
your status under section 501(c)(7) of the Code.

We previously provided you a report of examination explaining why we believe
revocation of your exempt status is necessary. At that time, we informed you of your
right to contact the Taxpayer Advocate, as well as your appeal rights. On February 28,
20XX, you signed Form 6018-A, Consent to Proposed Action, agreeing to the
revocation of your exempt status under section 501(c)(7) of the Code effective January
1, 20XX.

You have agreed to the change in income tax on Form 1120 for the tax period shown
above. For future periods, you are required to file Form 1120 with the appropriate
service center indicated in the instructions for the return.

You have the right to contact the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Taxpayer Advocate

assistance is not a substitute for established IRS procedures, such as the formal
Appeals process. The Taxpayer Advocate cannot reverse a legally correct tax
determination, or extend the time fixed by law that you have to file a petition in a United
States court. The Taxpayer Advocate can, however, see that a tax matter that may not
have been resolved through normal channels gets prompt and proper handling. You
may call toll-free, 1-877-777-4778, and ask for Taxpayer Advocate Assistance. If you
prefer, you may contact your local Taxpayer Advocate at:

If you have any questions, please contact the person whose name and telephone
number are shown at the beginning of this letter.

Sincerely,

Nanette M. Downing
Director, EO Examinations

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service
MC:4923CHI
230 S. Dearborn Street Room 1700
TAX EXEMPT AND Chicago, IL 60604

GOVERNMENT ENTITIES
DIVISION

Taxpayer Identification Number:
ORG
ADDRESS Form:

Tax Year(s) Ended:
Person to Contact/ID Number:

Contact Numbers:
Telephone:
Fax:

CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED

Dear

We have enclosed a copy of our report of examination explaining why we believe an
adjustment of your organization's exempt status is necessary.

If you do not agree with our position you may appeal your case. The enclosed
Publication 3498, The Examination Process, explains how to appeal an Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) decision. Publication 3498 also includes information on your
rights as a taxpayer and the IRS collection process.

If you request a conference, we will forward your written statement of protest to the
Appeals Office and they will contact you. For your convenience, an envelope is
enclosed.

If you and Appeals do not agree on some or all of the issues after your Appeals
conference, or if you do not request an Appeals conference, you may file suit in United
States Tax Court, the United States Court of Federal Claims, or United States District
Court, after satisfying procedural and jurisdictional requirements as described in
Publication 3498.

Letter 3610 (04-2002)
Catalog Number 34801V

You may also request that we refer this matter for technical advice as explained in
Publication 892, Exempt Organization Appeal Procedures for Unagreed Issues. If a
determination letter is issued to you based on technical advice, no further administrative
appeal is available to you within the IRS on the issue that was the subject of the
technical advice.

If you accept our findings, please sign and return the enclosed Form 6018, Consent to
Proposed Adverse Action. We will then send you a final letter modifying or revoking
exempt status. If we do not hear from you within 30 days from the date of this letter, we
will process your case on the basis of the recommendations shown in the report of
examination and this letter will become final. In that event, you will be required to file
Federal income tax returns for the tax period(s) shown above. File these returns with the
Ogden Service Center within 60 days from the date of this letter, unless a request
for an extension of time is granted. File returns for later tax years with the appropriate
service center indicated in the instructions for those returns.

You have the right to contact the office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Taxpayer Advocate
assistance is not a substitute for established IRS procedures, such as the formal
appeals process. The Taxpayer Advocate cannot reverse a legally correct tax
determination, or extend the time fixed by law that you have to file a petition in a United
States court. The Taxpayer Advocate can, however, see that a tax matter that may not
have been resolved through normal channels gets prompt and proper handling. You
may call toll-free 1-877-777-4778 and ask for Taxpayer Advocate Assistance. If you
prefer, you may contact your local Taxpayer Advocate at:

If you have any questions, please call the contact person at the telephone number
shown in the heading of this letter. If you write, please provide a telephone number and
the most convenient time to call if we need to contact you.

Letter 3610 (04-2002)
Catalog Number 34801 V

Thank you for your cooperation.

Enclosures:
Publication 892
Publication 3498
Form 6018

Report of Examination
Envelope

Sincerely,

Sunita Lough
Director, EO Examinations

Letter 3610 (04-2002)
Catalog Number 34801V

Form 886-A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit 990
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31,
LEGEND
ORG = Organization name XX = Date CO-1 = 1°* COMPANY
ISSUE:

Does ORG continue to qualify for exemption under Internal Revenue Code § 501(c)(7) given that it
receives more than 15% of its income from the general public on a recurring basis?

FACTS:

The ORG (the “ORG”) was granted exemption as a social club exempt from Federal income tax
under Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(7). Its purposes as stated in its Articles of
Incorporation dated July 17, 19XX are: “the object for which it is formed is to promote social
intercourse and athletic sports and to acquire and grounds, club home and appurtenances necessary
to these objects.”

The ORG’s hours of operation are the following days:

Monday 11am- 8pm
Tuesdays 8am — 8pm
Wednesday 8am — 8pm
Thursdays 8am — 8pm
Saturdays 8am ~ 8pm
Sundays 8am — 8pm

The ORG is normally open April 1 through October 31; however due to severe flooding, the golf
course was only open April 1, 20XX through August 6, 20XX. The ORG house was available for

rental for banquets all year round.

The ORG’s principal activity is providing facilities and services for the pleasure and recreation of its
members and their guests. They operate a restaurant and bar, banquet hall and maintain a golf club.
The ORG allows nonmembers to attend their club’s facilities and rent the banquet hall for
weddings, bridal showers, anniversary parties and other parties.

The ORG allows the CO-1, who is a member of the ORG to conduct an annual football fundraiser.
The football fundraiser is open to the public and has been conducted in prior and subsequent years.

During the examination, it was determined that the ORG complied with the record- keeping
requirements of Revenue Procedure 71-17, 1971-1 C.B. 683 in regards to the nonmember income
generated from the Golf Club and the Banquet Hall; however the organization was not in
compliance pertaining to the football fundraiser. In addition, the ORG receives income from
outside its membership. Based on examination of the ORG’s Form 990 return for the period
ending December 31, 20XX and December 31, 20XX and review of their books and records, the

Form 886-A (Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
Page: -1-

Form 886-A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit 990
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31,
ORG EIN: 20XX

percent of gross receipts from nonmember use of facilities exceeded 15% for the year of the exam
as well as for the prior year, while investment income was less than 20% for all years. These receipts
are noted in the following chart:

20XX12 20XX12 TOTAL

Club Activities-Member
Club Activities-NonMember

Golf Course Income

Banquet Income

Food/Ligour Income

Football Fundraiser
Total Club Activities- Nonmember
Membership Dues and Assessments

Interest on savings and temporary cash investments

Total Nonmember Income A
Total Nonmember & Investment Income

@

Total Income C

Nonmember % - A/C
Total Nonmember & Investment % - B/C

Based on conducting a two year analysis of gross receipts, it has been noted that the organization received
23.3% and 21.8%, during tax years ending December 31, 20XX and December 31, 20XX, respectively. The
gross receipts received by your organization are well over the 15% threshold permitted in Public Law 94-568.

Based on the books and records the banquet hall rental represented 64% and 64% of the
nonmember income for the years ended December 31, 20XX and December 31, 20XX,
respectively. As demonstrated in the following chart:

‘ of Banquet Hall

. Total Banquet Income of
Year/Period Ended Nonmember Hall Nonmember
Income Income Income

12/ 31/20XX
12/ 31/20XX

LAW:
Organizations exempt from federal taxes as described in IRC Section 501(c)(7) include clubs
organized for pleasure, recreation, and other non-profitable purposes, substantially all of the

Form 886-A (Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
Page: -2-

Form 886-A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit 990
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31,
ORG EIN: 20XX

activities of which are for such purposes, and no part of the net earnings of which inures to the
benefit of any private shareholder.

Section 1.501(c)(7)-1 of the Income Tax Regulations, relating to the requirements of exemption of
such clubs under section 501(a), reads in part as follows:

(a) The exemption provided by section 501(a) for organizations described in section 501(c)(7)
applies only to clubs which are organized and operated exclusively for pleasure, recreation,
and other nonprofitable purposes, but does not apply to any club if its net earnings inures to
the benefit of any private shareholder. In general, this exemption extends to social and
recreation clubs which are supported solely by membership fees, dues, and assessments.
However, a club otherwise entitled to exemption will not be disqualified because it raises
revenue from members through the use of club facilities or in connection with club
activities.

(b) A club which engages in business, such as making its social and recreational facilities
available to the general public or by selling real estate, timber or other products, is not
organized and operated exclusively for pleasure, recreation, and other nonprofitable
purposes and is not exempt under section 501(a). Solicitation by advertisement or otherwise
for public patronage of its facilities is prima facie evidence that the club is engaging in
business and is not being operated exclusively for pleasure, recreation, or social purposes.
However, an incidental sale of property will not deprive a club of its exemption.

Prior to its amendment in 1976, IRC Section 501(c)(7) required that social clubs be operated
exclusively for pleasure, recreation, and other non-profitable purposes. Public Law 94-568 amended
the “exclusive” provision to read “substantially” in order to allow a section 501(c)(7) organization to
receive up to 35 percent of its gross receipts, including investment income, from sources outside its
membership without losing its tax exempt status. The Committee Reports for Public Law 94-568
further state:

(a) Within this 35 percent amount, not more than 15 percent of the gross receipts should be
derived from the use of a social club’s facilities or services by the general public. This means
that an exempt social club may receive up to 35 percent of its gross receipts from a
combination of investment income and receipts from non-members, so long as the latter do
not represent more than 15 percent of total receipts. These percentages supersede those

provided in Revenue Ruling 71-17, 1971-1 C.B. 683.

(b) Thus, a social club may receive investment income up to the full 35 percent of its gross
receipts if no income is received from non-members’ use of club facilities.

(c) In addition, the Committee Reports state that where a club receives unusual amounts of
income, such as from the sale of its clubhouse or similar facilities, that income is not to be
included in the 35 percent formula.

Form 886-A (Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
Page: -3-

Form 886-A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit 990
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31,
ORG EIN: 20XX

(d) The Senate report also indicates that even though gross receipts from the general public
exceed this standard, it does not necessarily establish that there is a nonexempt purpose. A
conclusion that there is a nonexempt purpose will be based on all the facts and
circumstances including, but not limited to, the gross receipts factor.

Revenue Ruling 58-589 sets forth the criteria for exemption under section 501(c)(7) of the Code,
and provides that a club must have an established membership of individuals, personal contacts, and
fellowship. It also provides that, while the regulations indicate that a club may lose its exemption if
it makes its facilities available to the general public, this does not mean that any dealings with
nonmembers will automatically cause a club to lose its exemption. A club may receive some income
from the general public, that is, persons other than members and their bona fide guests, or permit
the general public to participate in its affairs, provided that such participation is incidental to and in
furtherance of the club’s exempt purposes, such dealings with the general public and the receipt of
income there from does not indicate the existence of a club purpose to make a profit, and the
income does not inure to club members.

Revenue Ruling 60-324 provides that a social club that made its social facilities available to the
general public through its member-sponsorship arrangement can not be treated as being operated
exclusively for pleasure, recreation, or other nonprofitable purposes and the club no longer qualified
for exemption under 501(c)(7) of the Code.

Revenue Ruling 66-149 provides that a social club is not exempt from federal income tax as an
organization described in section 501(c)(7) of the code if it regularly derives a substantial part of its
income from non-member sources such as, for example, dividends and interest on investments.

Revenue Ruling 68-119 provides that a club will not necessarily lose its exemption if it derives
income from transactions with other than bona fide members and their guests, or if the general
public on occasion is permitted to participate in its affairs, provided such participation is incidental
to and in furtherance of its general club purposes and the income there from does not inure to
members.

Revenue Procedure 71-17 sets forth guidelines for determining the effect of gross receipts derived
from nonmember use of a social club’s facilities on exemption under Internal Revenue Code Section
501(c)(7) and recordkeeping requirements. Failure to maintain such records or make them available
to the Service for examination will preclude use of the minimum gross receipts standard and audit
assumptions set forth in this Revenue Procedure.

If a club exceeds the 15/35% test, then it will maintain its exempt status only if it can show through
facts and circumstances that “substantially all” of its activities are for “pleasure, recreation and other
nonprofitable purposes.”

Form 886-A (Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
Page: -4-

Form 886-A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit 990
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31,
ORG EIN: 20XX

The following are important facts and circumstances to take into account to determine whether a
club may maintain its exemption under IRC 501(c)(7):

• The actual percentage of nonmember receipts and/or investment income.

• Frequency of use of the club facilities or services by nonmembers. An unusual or single
event (that is, nonrecurring on a year to year basis) that generates all the nonmember
income is viewed more favorably than nonmember income arising from frequent use by
nonmembers.

• Record of nonmember use over a period of years. A high percentage in one year by
nonmembers, with the other years being within permitted levels, is viewed more
favorably than a consistent pattern of exceeding the limits, even by relatively small
amounts. (See S. Rept. 94-1318, 2d Sess., 1976-2 C.B. 597,599).

• Purposes for which the club’s facilities were made available to nonmembers.

• Whether the nonmember income generates net profits for the organization. Profits
derived from nonmembers, unless set aside, subsidize the club’s activities for members
and result in inurement within the meaning of IRC 501(c)(7).

TAXPAYER'S POSITION:

The ORG agrees that organization no longer qualifies for exempt status under IRC 501(c)(7)
and will sign the Form 6018.

GOVERNMENT'S POSITION:

An organization exempt from federal income taxes as described in IRC section 501(c)(7) must meet
the gross receipts test in order to maintain its exemption. In order to meet the gross receipts test, an
organization can receive up to thirty-five percent (35%) of its gross receipts, including investment
income, from sources outside its membership without losing its tax exempt status. Within this 35%
amount, not more than fifteen percent (15%) of the gross receipts should be derived from the use of
a social club’s facilities or services by non-members.

“ORG” has exceeded the 15% gross receipts standard for nonmember income on a continuous
basis for at least three years. The nonmember receipts are earned throughout the year. There
was no one single or unusual event that caused the club to exceed the 15% threshold.

ORG’s rental of its facility during the year represents 64% of the total of nonmember income,
not to mention the nonmember income generated from green fees, cart fees and rider fees.

Based on the large percentages of gross nonmember income to total gross receipts of the club,
(i.e., 23.3% and 21.8%, as noted in the above table), which exceeds the limitation of 15% as set
forth by IRC 501(c)(7) for each of these years, it is the Government’s position that the ORG is

Form 886-A (Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
Page: -5-

Form 886-A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit 990
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31,
ORG EIN: 20XX

no longer operated exclusively for the pleasure and recreation of its members and is not exempt
under section 501(c)(7).

The banquet hall rental alone represented 64% of the nonmember income, which further
demonstrates the profit motive.

CONCLUSION:

The IRC Section 501(c)(7) tax exempt status of ORG should be revoked since the nonmember
income received by the ORG exceeded 15% of the ORG’s total gross receipts for the years under
examination. Further, the members were encouraged to inform their family and friends to come
and utilize of their facility and they did not have to be accompanied by a member reflecting evidence
that the ORG is engaged in a business and is not being “operated exclusively for pleasure,
recreation, or social purposes.”

ORG no longer qualifies for exemption under § 501(c)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code as your nonmember
income has exceeded the 15% nonmember threshold as outlined in Public Law 94-568. Therefore, your
exempt status under § 501(c)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code should be revoked effective January 1, 20XX.
Should this revocation be upheld, Form 1120 must be filed starting with tax periods ending December 31,
20XX.

Additionally, the organization is reminded of the provisions of IRC 277 concerning membership organizations
which are not exempt organizations.

Note: If you are planning to appeal the proposed revocation, please refer to Publication 892 which is
enclosed. Appeal should contain statement of facts declared true under penalties of perjury. Please refer to
Publication 892, page 3 for example of statement signed under penalties of perjury.

Form 886-A (Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service
Page: -6-