PLR 1037012: IRS approved qualifying-income treatment for commodity-linked investments
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Plain-English summary
The IRS ruled that income and gain from four commodity-linked notes would be qualifying income for two regulated investment companies under IRC § 851(b)(2). The notes used total-return and excess-return indexes, with terms addressing leverage, interest, fees, redemption, and commodity-linked performance. The IRS also ruled that subpart F income from wholly owned foreign subsidiaries would be qualifying income derived from each fund's business of investing in subsidiary stock. The conclusions depend on the taxpayers' representations about the notes, the subsidiaries' controlled-foreign-corporation status, and the funds' inclusion of subpart F income under IRC § 951.
Ruling snapshot
- Question: Did income from the commodity-linked notes and wholly owned CFC subsidiaries qualify as RIC income?
- Outcome: Approved
- Key authorities: IRC §§ 851(b)(2), 951, 952, 954, 957, 959, and 1293
Full text (IRS public release)
Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224
Number: 201037012
Release Date: 9/17/2010
Index Number: 851.02-00
Person To Contact:
-------------------- ------------------------, ID No. ---------------
------------- Telephone Number:
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---------------------------- Refer Reply To:
----------------------------------------- CC:FIP:B01
PLR-109536-10
Date:
June 4, 2010
Index
Fund 1 = -------------------------------------------------
Fund 2 = ---------------------------------------------------
Series Fund = ------------------------------------------
Total Return Index = -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Excess Return Index = -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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PLR-109536-10 2
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Total Return Sub Index = -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Excess Return Sub Index = -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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PLR-109536-10 4
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a = ---------------
b = ----
c = --
d = ---------------------------------------------------------
e = ----
Country = ----------------------
Type A Company = ------------------------------------
Dear ---------------:
This responds to the request dated February 25, 2010, submitted by your
authorized representative on behalf of the Funds. Funds request that the Internal
Revenue Service rule: (1) that income earned from investments in the commodity-linked
notes described in this letter constitutes qualifying income to the Fund under section
851(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“the Code”), and (2) that
income earned from an investment in a foreign corporation subsidiary of each of the
Funds constitutes qualifying income to the Funds under section 851(b)(2).
Facts
PLR-109536-10 5
Series Fund is organized as a series fund and is registered as an investment
company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. 80a-1 et seq., as
amended (“1940 Act”). Fund 1 and Fund 2 (each a “Fund,” and collectively the “Funds”)
are each a series of Series Fund, are open-end funds, are regulated as investment
companies under the 1940 Act, and have elected or will elect to be taxed as regulated
investment companies (RIC) under subchapter M of the Code.
Commodity-Linked Notes:
The Funds intend to invest in commodity-linked notes having the terms and
conditions of the following four notes (the Notes):
Note A:
The first note will be issued at a par value of $a. Its payout formula will be
determined with reference to the value of a Total Return Index. The term of the Note
will be thirteen months. A Fund, as holder of the Note, will have the right to put Note A
to the issuer at the calculated redemption price based on the closing Total Return Index
value as of the end of the next day after notification to the issuer. In addition, if the
Total Return Index value falls b% from the value at the time Note A is acquired, Note A
will “knock-out” and automatically redeem based on a redemption price calculated using
the closing Total Return Index value of the next day.
The repayment obligation upon early redemption, automatic redemption, or
maturity is calculated under a formula that provides for repayment of the face amount of
Note A increased or decreased by an amount equal to the face amount of Note A
multiplied by a leverage factor of c multiplied by the percentage of the increase or
decrease of the beginning Total Return Index value level compared to the ending Total
Return Index value level for the applicable period. To this amount is added an amount
that reflects interest on Note A at a coupon rate of d. From this amount is subtracted an
annual fee amount of e basis points of the notional value (leveraged face amount) of
Note A. The redemption price formula under this Note will also include an adjustment
for the reversal of the interest rate factor included in the total return computation.
Note B:
Note B will be issued at a par value of $a. Its payout formula will be determined
with reference to the value of an Excess Return Index. The term of the Note will be
thirteen months. A Fund, as holder of the Note, will have the right to put Note B to the
issuer at the calculated redemption price based on the closing Excess Return Index
value as of the end of the next day after notification to the issuer. In addition, if the
Excess Return Index value falls b% from the value at the time Note B is acquired, Note
B will “knock-out” and automatically redeem based on a redemption price calculated
using the closing Excess Return Index value of the next day.
PLR-109536-10 6
The repayment obligation upon early redemption, automatic redemption, or
maturity is calculated under a formula that provides for repayment of the face amount of
Note B increased or decreased by an amount equal to the face amount of Note B
multiplied by a leverage factor of c multiplied by the percentage of the increase or
decrease of the beginning Excess Return Index value level compared to the ending
Excess Return Index value level for the applicable period. To this amount is added an
amount that reflects interest on Note B at a coupon rate of d. From this amount is
subtracted an annual fee amount of e basis points of the notional value (leveraged face
amount) of Note B.
Note C:
Note C will be issued at a par value of $a. Its payout formula will be determined
with reference to the value of a Total Return Sub Index. The term of the Note will be
thirteen months. A Fund, as holder of the Note, will have the right to put Note C to the
issuer at the calculated redemption price based on the closing Total Return Sub Index
value as of the end of the next day after notification to the issuer. In addition, if the
Total Return Sub Index value falls b% from the value at the time Note C is acquired,
Note C will “knock-out” and automatically redeem based on a redemption price
calculated using the closing Total Return Sub Index value on the next day.
The repayment obligation upon early redemption, automatic redemption, or
maturity is calculated under a formula that provides for the repayment of the face
amount of Note C increased or decreased by an amount equal to the face amount of
Note C multiplied by a leverage factor of c multiplied by the percentage of the increase
or decrease of the beginning Total Return Sub Index value level compared to the
ending Total Return Sub Index value level for the applicable period. To this amount is
added an amount that reflects interest on Note C at the coupon rate of d. From this
amount is subtracted an annual fee amount of e basis points of the notional value
(leveraged face amount) of Note C. The redemption price formula will also include an
adjustment for the reversal of the interest rate factor included in the total return
computation.
Note D:
Note D will be issued at a par value of $a. Its payout formula will be determined
with reference to the value of an Excess Return Sub Index. The term of the Note will be
thirteen months. A Fund, as holder of Note D, will have the right to put Note D to the
issuer at the calculated redemption price based on the closing Excess Return Sub Index
value as of the end of the next day after notification to the issuer. In addition, if the
Excess Return Sub Index value falls b% from the value at the time Note D is acquired,
Note D will “knock-out” and automatically redeem based on a redemption price
calculated using the closing Excess Return Sub Index value calculated on the next day.
The repayment obligation upon early redemption, automatic redemption, or
maturity is calculated under a formula that provides for repayment of the face amount of
Note D increased or decreased by an amount equal to the face amount of Note D
PLR-109536-10 7
multiplied by a leverage factor of c multiplied by the percentage of the increase or
decrease of the beginning Excess Return Sub Index value compared to the ending
Excess Return Sub Index value level for the applicable period. To this amount is added
an amount that reflects interest on Note D at the coupon rate of d. From this amount is
subtracted an annual fee amount of e basis points of the notional value (leveraged face
amount) of Note D.
The Funds make the following representations with respect to these four Notes:
(1) The issuer of the Notes has received or will receive payment in full of the
purchase price of the Notes substantially contemporaneously with the delivery
of the Notes;
(2) The Funds, while holding the Notes, will not be required to make any payment
to the issuer of the Notes in addition to the purchase price paid for the Notes,
whether as margin, settlement payment, or otherwise, during the life of the
Notes or at maturity;
(3) The issuer of the Notes is not subject by the terms of the instrument to mark-
to-market margining requirements of the Commodities Exchange Act, 7
U.S.C. 2, as amended (CEA); and
(4) The Notes are not marketed as a contract of sale of a commodity for future
delivery (or option on such a contract) subject to the CEA.
Controlled Foreign Corporations:
Each Fund also plans to form a wholly-owned foreign corporation subsidiary
(each a “Subsidiary,” collectively the “Subsidiaries”). Each Subsidiary will be
incorporated as a Type A Company under the laws of Country. Under the laws of
Country, a Type A Company provides for limited liability for all holders of shares. A
shareholder’s liability is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid with respect to the shares
acquired by the shareholder. The Subsidiaries will file protective elections on Form
8832 to be taxed as corporations pursuant to section 301.7701-3 of the Procedure and
Administration Regulations.
The Funds represent that although the Subsidiaries will not be registered as
investment companies under the 1940 Act, the Subsidiaries will comply with the
requirements of section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, Investment Company Release No. 10666,
and related SEC guidance pertaining to asset coverage with respect to investments that
would apply if the Subsidiaries were registered under the 1940 Act.
Each Fund may invest a portion of its assets in its respective Subsidiary, subject
to the diversification limitations of section 851(b)(3). The Subsidiaries will invest
primarily in commodity-linked derivative instruments including swap agreements,
PLR-109536-10 8
commodity options, futures and options on futures. The Subsidiaries may make other
investments, including fixed income securities, either as investments or to serve as
margin or collateral for the Subsidiaries’ derivatives positions. The Subsidiaries may
also invest directly in commodities.
Each Subsidiary will be wholly owned by its respective Fund and, as such, the
Funds represent that the Subsidiaries will be classified as controlled foreign
corporations. Each Fund will include its “subpart F” income attributable to its Subsidiary
under the rules applicable to CFCs under the Code.
Law and Analysis
Section 851(b)(2) provides that a corporation shall not be considered a RIC for
any taxable year unless it meets an income test. Under this test, at least 90 percent of
its gross income must be derived from certain enumerated sources. Section 851(b)(2)
defines qualifying income, in relevant part, as –
dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans (as defined
in section 512(a)(5)), and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock
or securities (as defined in section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act) or foreign
currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from
options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to [the RIC’s]
business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies . . . .
Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act defines the term “security” as –
any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, bond, debenture, evidence
of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing
agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or
subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust
certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest
in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or
privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group
or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value
thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a
national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general,
any interest or instrument commonly known as a “security”, or any
certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for,
receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase,
any of the foregoing.
Section 2(f)(1) of the CEA provides that the CEA is not applicable to a hybrid
instrument that is predominantly a security. Section 2(f)(2) of the CEA provides that a
hybrid instrument shall be considered to be predominantly a security if –
PLR-109536-10 9
(A) the issuer of the hybrid instrument receives payment in full of
the purchase price of the hybrid instrument, substantially
contemporaneously with the delivery of the hybrid instrument;
(B) the purchaser or holder of the hybrid instrument is not required
to make any payment to the issuer in addition to the purchase price paid
under subparagraph (A), whether as margin, settlement payment, or
otherwise, during the life of the hybrid instrument or at maturity;
(C) the issuer of the hybrid instrument is not subject by the terms of
the instrument to mark-to-market margining requirements; and
(D) the hybrid instrument is not marketed as a contract of sale of a
commodity for future delivery (or option on such a contract) subject to the
CEA.
Section 2(f)(3) of the CEA provides that for purposes of section 2(f)(2)(C) of the CEA,
mark-to-market margining requirements do not include the obligation of an issuer of a
secured debt instrument to increase the amount of collateral held in pledge for the
benefit of the purchaser of the secured debt instrument to secure the repayment
obligations of the issuer under the secured debt instrument.
In addition, the flush language of section 851(b) of the Code provides that, for
purposes of section 851(b)(2), there shall be treated as dividends amounts included in
gross income under section 951(a)(1)(A)(i) or 1293(a) for the taxable year to the extent
that, under section 959(a)(1) or 1293(c) (as the case may be), there is a distribution out
of the earnings and profits of the taxable year which are attributable to the amounts so
included.
Section 957 defines a controlled foreign corporation (CFC) as any foreign
corporation in which more than 50 percent of (1) the total combined voting power of all
classes of stock entitled to vote, or (2) the total value of the stock is owned by United
States shareholders on any day during the corporation’s taxable year. A United States
shareholder is defined in section 951(b) as a United States person who owns 10
percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of voting stock of a
foreign corporation. Each Fund represents that it will own 100 percent of the voting
power of the stock of its respective Subsidiary. Each Fund is a United States person.
The Funds therefore represent that the Subsidiaries will qualify as CFCs under these
provisions.
Section 951(a)(1) provides that, if a foreign corporation is a CFC for an
uninterrupted period of 30 days or more during any taxable year, every person who is a
United States shareholder of this corporation and who owns stock in this corporation on
PLR-109536-10 10
the last day of the taxable year in which the corporation is a CFC shall include in gross
income the shareholder’s pro rata share of the CFC’s subpart F income for the taxable
year.
Section 952(a)(2) defines subpart F income to include foreign base company
income determined under section 954. Under section 954(a)(1), foreign base company
income includes foreign personal holding company income determined under section
954(c). Under section 954(c)(1), foreign personal holding company income includes
(among other things): dividends, interest, royalties, rents, and annuities; gains in excess
of losses from transactions in commodities (including futures, forward, and similar
transactions but excluding certain hedging transactions and certain active business
gains and losses); and, subject to certain exceptions, net income from notional principal
contracts.
Subsidiaries’ income from their investments in commodities and commodity-
linked instruments may generate subpart F income. The Funds therefore represent that
they will include in income their respective Subsidiary’s subpart F income for the taxable
year in accordance with section 951.
Conclusion
Based on the facts as represented, we rule that income and gain arising from the
Notes constitutes qualifying income to the Funds under section 851(b)(2) of the Code.
We further rule that subpart F income of the Subsidiaries attributable to the Funds is
income derived with respect to each Fund’s business of investing in the stock of its
Subsidiary and thus constitutes qualifying income under section 851(b)(2).
This ruling is directed only to the taxpayers who requested it, and is limited to the
facts as represented by the taxpayers. Section 6110(k)(3) provides that this letter may
not be used or cited as precedent.
In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this
letter is being sent to your authorized representative.
Sincerely,
Thomas M. Preston
Thomas M. Preston
Senior Counsel, Branch 2
Office of Associate Chief Counsel
(Financial Institutions & Products)
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