CCA 1020018: Counsel summarized when supplemental unemployment benefits are wages

Plain-English summary

In an internal Chief Counsel email, the sender explained that Rev. Rul. 90-72 builds on Rev. Rul. 56-249 rather than replacing it. The analysis states that supplemental unemployment benefits may qualify for the limited wage exclusion only when they are designed to supplement state unemployment compensation, and that the relevant treatment is determined from IRS administrative pronouncements for FICA, FUTA, and federal income tax withholding purposes. It also states that lump-sum benefits are not supplemental unemployment benefit pay because they are not linked to the duration of state unemployment compensation, and therefore are not excludable from wages on that basis.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: How should supplemental unemployment benefits be analyzed for wage treatment under the cited revenue rulings?
• Outcome: Advice given
• Key authorities: IRC § 3402(o); Rev. Ruls. 56-249, 77-347, and 90-72

Full text (IRS public release)

ID: CCA_2010042010534041 Number: 201020018
Release Date: 5/21/2010
Office: -----------------------------
UILC: 3121.01-00, 3121.01-11

From: ---------------
Sent: Tuesday, April 20, 2010 10:53:42 AM
To: ------------------------------------------------
Cc: ----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: Follow up to question

Here is the additional analysis to address your question about RR 90-72.

Rev Rul 90-72 does not replace Rev. Rul. 56-249. Rather, it builds on it, emphasizing 3 points:

1. IRC 3402(o). The definition in IRC 3402(o) does not apply for FICA and FUTA purposes; the definition
   is contained in a series of administrative pronouncements published by the Service. Rev. Rul. 90-72
   walks through the relevant revenue rulings. In particular, Rev. Rul. 90-72 summarizes Rev. Rul. 56-249,
   listing the 8 features of the plan at issue in that ruling. Rev. Rul. 90-72 also mentions the 2 revenue
   rulings that broaden Rev. Rul. 56-249 by stating that payment of benefits under a plan unilaterally
   instituted by the employer or other than from a trust do not alter the conclusion of Rev. Rul. 56-249. Rev.
   Rul. 90-72 mentions 2 additional revenue rulings that hold that termination and severance payments and
   lump-sum payments are wages. Thus, in determining whether benefits paid under a SUB plan are wages
   for purposes of FICA, FUTA or federal income tax withholding, it may not be necessary to look beyond
   Rev. Rul. 90-72; however, for a fuller explanation of the features of the plan at issue in the 1956 ruling, it
   may be useful to refer to that ruling.

2. Link to state unemployment compensation. Rev. Rul. 56-249 provides a limited exception from the
   definition of wages for FICA, FUTA, and federal income tax withholding purposes for certain payments
   made upon the involuntary separation of an employee from the service of the employer, but only if the
   payments are designed to supplement the receipt of state unemployment compensation. The portion of
   Rev. Rul. 77-347 concluding that benefits do not have to be linked to state unemployment compensation
   in order to be excluded from the definition of wages for FICA and FUTA tax purposes is inconsistent with
   the underlying premises for the exclusion and is therefore revoked. This restores the distinction between
   SUB pay and dismissal pay by re-establishing the link between SUB pay and state unemployment
   compensation set forth in Rev. Rul. 56-249.

3. Lump sum not SUB pay. Since the receipt of supplemental unemployment benefits in the form of a
   lump sum rather than periodic payments allows the same amount of benefits to be received regardless of
   how long an individual remains unemployed, benefits provided in the form of a lump sum are not
   considered linked to state unemployment compensation, and are therefore not excludable from wages as
   SUB pay.

Let me know if you have any questions.