PLR 200032036: Expatriation submission rebuts tax avoidance presumption

Plain-English summary

A person who held U.S. and foreign citizenship from birth sought a ruling before giving up U.S. citizenship. Her net worth exceeded a threshold that would otherwise create a presumption of tax avoidance under the expatriation rules. The IRS found that her submission was complete and made in good faith, so the presumption would not apply. It did not decide whether avoiding U.S. tax was in fact one of her principal purposes. The ruling therefore gives limited relief and leaves the ultimate purpose question open to examination of all the facts.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Will the proposed loss of citizenship be treated as having a principal purpose of avoiding U.S. tax?
• Outcome: Mixed: the presumption is rebutted, but the IRS gives no opinion on the person's actual purpose.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 877(a), 877(c), 2107, 2501(a)(3); Notice 98-34.

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service
Department of the Treasury

Index Number: 877.07-00 Washington, DC 20224

Number: 200032036
Person to Contact:
Release Date: 8/11/2000
Telephone Number:

Refer Reply To:
CC:INTL:BR1-PLR-103445-00
Date:
May 17, 2000

DO: TY:

Legend

A
=

Date B =

Country C =

Year D =

Dear
:

This is in response to a letter dated January 26, 2000, submitted by A’s authorized representative requesting a ruling under section 877(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 ("Code") that A’s loss of U.S. citizenship will not have for one of its principal purposes the avoidance of U.S. taxes under subtitle A or subtitle B of the Code. The information submitted for consideration is substantially as set forth below.

The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and representations submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on examination.

A was born on Date B in the United States. A became a citizen of Country C by reason of her birth to citizens of Country C. A has lived primarily in Country C since Year D. A intends to relinquish her U.S. citizenship (“expatriate”) upon receipt of this ruling. On the date A submitted her ruling request, her net worth exceeded the applicable

2
PLR-103445-00

threshold set forth in section 877(a)(2)(B) of the Code.

Section 877 generally provides that a citizen who loses U.S. citizenship or a U.S. long- term resident who ceases to be taxed as a lawful permanent resident (individuals who “expatriate”) within the 10-year period immediately preceding the close of the taxable year will be taxed on U.S. source income (as modified by section 877(d)) for such taxable year, unless such loss did not have for one if its principal purposes the avoidance of U.S. taxes. Sections 2107 and 2501(a)(3) provide special estate and gift tax regimes, respectively, for individuals who expatriate with a principal purpose to avoid U.S. taxes.

A former citizen or former long-term resident will be treated as having expatriated with a principal purpose to avoid U.S. taxes for purposes of sections 877, 2107 and 2501(a)(3) if the individual’s average income tax liability or the individual’s net worth on the date of expatriation exceed certain thresholds. See sections 877(a)(2), 2107(a)(2)(A) and 2501(a)(3)(B).

A former U.S. citizen or former long-term resident whose net worth or average tax liability exceeds these thresholds, however, will not be presumed to have a principal purpose of tax avoidance if that former citizen or former long-term resident is described within certain statutory categories and submits a request for a ruling within one year of the date of loss of U.S. citizenship for the Secretary’s determination as to whether such loss had for one of its principal purposes the avoidance of U.S. taxes. See sections 877(c)(1), 2107(a)(2)(B) and 2501(a)(3)(C).

Under Notice 98-34, 1998-27 I.R.B. 30, modifying Notice 97-19, 1997-1 C.B. 394, an eligible former citizen will not be presumed to have a principal purpose of tax avoidance if that former citizen submits a complete and good faith request for a ruling as to whether such loss had for one of its principal purposes the avoidance of U.S. taxes.

Notice 98-34 requires that certain information be submitted with a request for a ruling that an individual’s expatriation did not have for one of its principal purposes the avoidance of U.S. taxes.

A is eligible to request a ruling under section 877 and Notice 98-34 because A became at birth a citizen of the United States and Country C, and continues to be a citizen of Country C.

A submitted all the information required by Notice 98-34. Accordingly, based on the facts submitted and representations made, we conclude that A has made a complete and good faith submission in accordance with section 877(c)(1)(B) and Notice 98-34, and therefore A will not be presumed to have expatriated with a principal purpose of tax avoidance.

3
PLR-103445-00

However, because the information submitted does not clearly establish the existence or lack of a principal purpose to avoid taxes under subtitle A or B of the Code, no opinion is expressed as to whether A’s expatriation had for one of its principal purposes the avoidance of such taxes. While this ruling rebuts the presumption of tax avoidance under section 877(a)(2), it is not conclusive as to whether A subsequently may be found to have a principal purpose of tax avoidance under sections 877(a)(1), 2107(a)(1), and 2501(a)(3)(A) based on all the facts and circumstances. See section 877(c)(1).

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or referenced in this letter. In addition, no opinion is expressed as to A’s U.S. tax liability for taxable periods prior to his loss of U.S. citizenship or for taxable periods after his loss of U.S. citizenship under sections of the Code other than sections 877, 2107, and 2501(a)(3).

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer(s) requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is being sent to your authorized representative.

A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is relevant.

Sincerely,

Allen Goldstein, Reviewer
Associate Chief Counsel (International)

cc:

Assistant Commissioner (International)
International District Operations OP:IN:D Chief, Examination Division