Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

16,281 decisions and counting · Latest decision September 10, 2026
16,281 decisions

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COMM

Southern Scrap Materials Co., Inc.

Lead, cadmium, first-aid, and guarding violations yield $114,500 penalty

Southern Scrap Materials operated a Louisiana scrap-recycling facility where workers torch cut metal and used industrial machinery. The Commission rejected the company's broad challenges to OSHA's inspection, testing, and the validity of the lead and cadmium standards. It found that Southern…

September 28, 2011 ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Ten-Mile Coal Company, Inc.

Two-day-late contest reopened

Ten-Mile Coal mailed its contest two days late after its office manager misplaced the proposed assessment. The operator moved to reopen within ten days of MSHA's delinquency letter, said this was its first late contest since operations began in 2007, and created a computer system to prevent…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Troy Mine, Inc.

Reopening request dismissed because contest was timely

Troy Mine asked to reopen a penalty assessment after MSHA said the company had not filed a timely contest. The company produced certified-mail receipts showing delivery to MSHA. The Secretary then confirmed that the assessment was already part of an active civil penalty case. The Commission found…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

H & B Crushing, LLC

Reopening denied for three assessments

H & B Crushing sought to reopen three final penalty assessments, claiming they had been delivered to a restaurant rather than its business. The Secretary opposed reopening and produced evidence that the assessments were delivered and signed for at the operator's address of record, that other…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Robinson Nevada Mining Co.

Final assessment reopened and remanded

Robinson Nevada Mining asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final when it was not contested within 30 days. The Secretary did not oppose the request. In the interests of justice, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to the Chief…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Alpha Explosives

Undelivered assessment remanded

Alpha Explosives asked the Commission to reopen a proposed penalty assessment after receiving a delinquency letter. The operator said the assessment had been mailed to the wrong address, and the Secretary confirmed that it was returned undelivered. Because Alpha never received the assessment, the…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Vulcan Construction Materials, LP

Timely response defeats default

Vulcan Construction Materials sought to reopen a civil-penalty case after an ALJ entered default for failure to answer the Secretary's penalty petition. Vulcan showed that it had timely responded to the ALJ's show-cause order and supplied FedEx tracking information confirming delivery to the…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Jackson Enterprises, Inc.

Default vacated after answer misdirected

Jackson Enterprises defaulted after failing to file an answer with the Commission in response to a show-cause order. The operator said it had timely answered the Secretary's penalty petition but apparently mailed the answer only to the Secretary, and it said it never received the show-cause order…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Industrial Minerals, Inc.

Erroneous default remanded

An ALJ entered default after concluding that Industrial Minerals failed to answer a show-cause order. The operator produced certified-mail receipts showing that the Commission's docket office timely received both its response to the show-cause order and its later response to the default order. The…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Eighty Four Mining Company

Unreceived default orders remanded

A Chief Administrative Law Judge entered defaults in three penalty cases after Eighty Four Mining did not answer the Secretary's petitions or show-cause orders. The operator explained that the papers were mailed to a mine portal that had been closed, vacated, and locked since 2009. MSHA records…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Big Ridge, Inc.

Mistaken penalty payment reopened

Big Ridge sought to reopen a $212 penalty assessment even though the underlying citation was already being contested before the Commission. The operator explained that its compliance manager mistakenly paid the penalty after overlooking the citation among sixty-one other citations and orders on the…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Jason Falk, employed by Lafarge Utica, Inc.

Individual penalty reopened

Jason Falk sought to reopen an individual civil-penalty assessment under section 110(c) of the Mine Act. He said the assessment was sent to another Lafarge operation and never reached him or his employer, Lafarge Utica. The Secretary did not oppose reopening but noted that Falk had declined to…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Luminant Mining Company, LLC

Final assessment reopened and remanded

Luminant Mining asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after the contest period expired. The Secretary did not oppose the request. In the interests of justice, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to the Chief Administrative Law Judge. It…

September 26, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Connolly-Pacific Company

Highwall violations and withdrawal order upheld

MSHA cited Connolly-Pacific after finding miners and equipment working below an approximately 300-foot quarry highwall with loose and overhanging rock, no benches, incomplete barriers, and no scaling. Judge Margaret Miller found that observation, spotters, limited blasting, and a loader cab did not…

September 23, 2011 ·Margaret A. Miller ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

USA Cleaning Service & Building Maintenance

EAJA fee request denied

MSHA withdrew three janitors from a cement facility on the ground that they needed comprehensive new-miner training, then vacated the order within ten days. USA Cleaning sought $22,000 in attorney fees and expenses under the Equal Access to Justice Act. Judge Thomas McCarthy held that the company…

September 23, 2011 ·Thomas P. McCarthy ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Grand Eagle Mining, Inc.

Simplified proceedings denied

MSHA sought to place a $100 fire-extinguisher citation in the Commission's simplified-proceedings track. Grand Eagle opposed the request after raising a Fourth Amendment challenge to the inspector's search of an electrician's personal truck and seeking discovery. Judge Thomas McCarthy found that…

September 22, 2011 ·Thomas P. McCarthy ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Bill Jones Repair & Reroofs, Inc.

Timely-contest evidence requires further proceedings

OSHA cited Bill Jones Repair & Reroofs for four serious construction violations and proposed $10,000 in penalties. An administrative law judge dismissed what appeared to be a late notice of contest and affirmed the citations. On review, the company produced a letter apparently faxed to OSHA within…

September 22, 2011 ·OSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Aerospace Manufacturing CT Systems, LLC

Civil case stayed during criminal review

After a workplace fatality, OSHA issued Aerospace Manufacturing a willful citation and referred the matter to the Department of Justice for possible criminal proceedings. The administrative law judge denied the Secretary's request to stay the Commission case because no indictment had been issued…

September 22, 2011 ·OSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

American Coal Company

Special-assessment forms ordered disclosed

American Coal moved to compel MSHA to produce special-assessment review forms and eight internal memoranda. Judge Gary Melick held that the review forms were not protected by the deliberative-process privilege because MSHA adopted their recommendations when it issued the citations, and because the…

September 21, 2011 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

CAM Mining, LLC

Late penalty petitions dismissed

CAM Mining moved for summary decision because the Secretary filed three penalty petitions about four months after they were due. The Secretary did not respond, and Judge Gary Melick found that the asserted explanation concerned delivery of the original assessment rather than a later litigation…

September 21, 2011 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Jim Walter Resources, Inc.

Belt-examination order modified

Jim Walter Resources did not conduct an on-shift examination of three belt haulageways during a shift when the belts operated and miners worked nearby, while coal was produced elsewhere in the mine. Judge Jacqueline Bulluck held that section 75.362(b) required examination of each operated belt…

September 20, 2011 ·Jacqueline R. Bulluck ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

Matter of Paula CRUZ DE ORTIZ

Rescission limits do not bar removal after immigrant-visa admission

The Board reviewed DHS's appeal after an Immigration Judge terminated removal proceedings against a Dominican lawful permanent resident. The respondent had been admitted with an immigrant visa after a prior conviction and alleged immigration fraud, and the Immigration Judge applied the 5-year…

September 20, 2011
Remanded
ALJ

T & F Systems, Inc.

Willful low-slope roof fall violation affirmed

T & F Systems employees installed roofing material on an Ohio high school roof about 25 feet above lower levels. The judge found that the roof was about 80 feet wide, so a safety-monitoring system alone could not satisfy the cited fall-protection standard. The evidence also showed that the company…

September 19, 2011 ·Dennis L. Phillips ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Broan-Nutone Storage Solutions, LP

Power-press supervision and guarding violations affirmed

A Broan-Nutone machine operator's hand was amputated when a mechanical power press cycled while she was clearing a jam. The judge found that she received almost no instruction or supervision when assigned to the press, which lacked the light-curtain protection used on the facility's other presses…

September 16, 2011 ·Patrick B. Augustine ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Carter Roag Coal Company

Final assessment reopened

Carter Roag Coal Company asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded it for further proceedings. It…

September 15, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Big River Mining, LLC

Three reopening motions denied

Big River sought to reopen three assessments covering 147 enforcement actions and $281,919 in proposed penalties. Delivery records showed that each assessment was received and signed for at the mine, but the documents did not reach the superintendent or safety director while the idled mine reduced…

September 15, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

H&D Mining, Inc.

Years-late reopening request denied

H&D Mining sought to reopen penalty assessments three to five years after they became final, citing a mine shutdown and unfamiliarity with the contest process. The Secretary opposed relief, noting years of unanswered delinquency notices, $207,278 referred for collection, and a federal collection…

September 15, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Con-Agg of MO, LLC

Renewed reopening request granted

Con-Agg renewed a request to reopen six penalty citations after the Commission denied its first request for insufficient detail. The operator explained that it discovered the assessment in MSHA's database during a company sale, could not locate the original package, promptly paid the citations it…

September 15, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Matter of Antonio FIGUEROA

New evidence may support a renewed TPS application

The Board reviewed the appeal of a Salvadoran respondent whose Temporary Protected Status application had been denied by USCIS for insufficient proof of continuous residence. It held that an Immigration Judge considering a renewed TPS application in removal proceedings may consider any material and…

September 14, 2011
Remanded
COMM

Matter of Francisco HERRERA DEL ORDEN

New evidence may support a conditional-residence waiver

The Board reviewed a Puerto Rico respondent's challenge to the denial of his waiver of the joint-petition requirement for removing the conditional basis of his lawful permanent resident status. The Immigration Judge had limited the review to evidence previously submitted to DHS, even though the…

September 13, 2011
Remanded
ALJ

Mammoth Coal Co.

Interlocutory review and stay denied

The Secretary amended a penalty petition to allege two flagrant escapeway violations and increased the proposed penalties from $133,000 to $335,200. Mammoth Coal sought interlocutory review, arguing that allowing the amendment improperly modified the original assessment before the Commission's de…

September 9, 2011 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Chief Mining, Inc.

Final assessment reopened

Chief Mining asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to the Chief Administrative Law…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Hinkle Trucking, Inc.

Final assessment reopened

Hinkle Trucking asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded it for further proceedings. It directed…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Ash Grove Cement Company

Final assessment reopened

Ash Grove Cement Company asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded it for further proceedings. It…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Clean Harbors Environmental Services, Inc.

Misdirected assessment reopened

Clean Harbors missed a contest deadline after MSHA addressed the assessment to a former employee, delaying delivery to the company's general counsel. Outside counsel filed a notice that the general counsel mistakenly believed was timely, and the company moved to reopen within 30 days of receiving a…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Cemex California Cement, LLC

Final assessment reopened

Cemex California Cement asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to the Chief…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Lehigh Southwest Cement Co.

Final assessment reopened

Lehigh Southwest Cement asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after the company did not timely contest it. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Banner Blue Coal Company

Two-day-late contest reopened

Banner Blue sent its contest form and payment for uncontested citations to MSHA's payment center two days after the assessment became final. The payment center forwarded the contest to the civil-penalty office, which processed it as late. The operator said it was implementing new procedures for…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

G & R Mineral Services, Inc.

Final assessment reopened

G & R Mineral Services asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded it for further proceedings. It…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Black Panther Mining, LLC

Final assessment reopened

Black Panther Mining asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to the Chief…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Byholt, Inc.

Reopening denied without prejudice

Byholt sought to reopen two assessments after misunderstanding when it needed to contest several section 104(d) citations and orders. The Secretary opposed relief because the assessment forms contained contest instructions and the operator did not explain delays of three and four months after…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Big Ridge, Inc.

Multiple violations decided and penalties assessed

Big Ridge contested enforcement actions involving hazardous-condition examinations, its roof-control plan, combustible accumulations, electrical equipment, a tool-transport safeguard, and equipment permissibility at the Willow Lake Portal mine. Judge Gary Melick affirmed four enforcement actions as…

September 8, 2011 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Meridian Aggregates Company, LP

Final assessment reopened

Meridian Aggregates asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final. Meridian said it mailed its contest three days after receiving the assessment but learned that MSHA had not received it only when a delinquency notice arrived. The company filed its motion within 30 days…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Dolet Hills Lignite Co., LLC

Final assessment reopened

Dolet Hills Lignite asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded it for further proceedings. It…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Nelson Quarries, Inc.

Inadvertently paid citation reopened

Nelson Quarries timely paid a proposed assessment in full even though it intended to contest one citation and believed it had evidence of compliance. The operator said the citation's penalty was paid inadvertently and moved to reopen about five weeks after the assessment became final. The Secretary…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Robert's Coffee & Vending Service, LLC

Final assessment reopened

Robert's Coffee & Vending Service asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to the…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Allied Custom Gypsum

Final assessment reopened

Allied Custom Gypsum asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded it for further proceedings. It…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Higman Sand & Gravel, Inc.

Final assessment reopened

Higman Sand & Gravel asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after the company did not timely contest it. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to…

September 8, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Otis Elevator Company

Remaining fall-protection item withdrawn

OSHA cited Otis Elevator over fall protection used while installing a new elevator platform system. The administrative law judge vacated two scaffold-based allegations but affirmed an alternative allegation that employee lifelines were attached to the same overhead beam used for the platform's…

September 8, 2011 ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Hidden Splendor Resources, Inc.

Special-assessment review form protected from discovery

Hidden Splendor sought MSHA's Special Assessment Review form, which contained facts and agency officials' recommendations used to classify violations as flagrant and enhance penalties. Judge Priscilla M. Rae held that the form was prepared in anticipation of likely litigation and was protected work…

September 7, 2011 ·Priscilla M. Rae ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Black Mountain Industrial Minerals, LLC

Final assessments reopened

Black Mountain Industrial Minerals asked the Commission to reopen two penalty assessments that had become final after no timely contests. The Secretary did not oppose the requests. After reviewing the requests and the circumstances, the Commission reopened both assessments and remanded the matter…

September 7, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Drumlummon Gold Corporation

Final assessment reopened after manager's leave

Drumlummon Gold failed to contest assessments for 13 violations while the safety manager responsible for processing them was on unexpectedly extended medical leave. The company had no backup system, but it filed for reopening within days of the manager's return and about one month after the…

September 7, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Twentymile Coal, LLC

Final assessment reopened

Twentymile Coal asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. After reviewing the request, the circumstances, and the Secretary's response, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to the Chief Administrative Law Judge. It…

September 7, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Keokee Mining LLC

Final assessment reopened

Keokee Mining asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to the Chief Administrative…

September 7, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Grove City Materials

Final assessment reopened

Grove City Materials asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that had become final after no timely contest. The Secretary did not oppose the request. After reviewing the request and the circumstances, the Commission reopened the assessment and remanded the matter to the Chief…

September 7, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Sterzinger Construction

Assessment never became final after failed delivery

MSHA tried to deliver Sterzinger Construction's proposed penalty assessment by Federal Express and then by mail, but neither attempt succeeded. Sterzinger later learned of the assessment and received a faxed copy from MSHA. The Commission held that the assessment had not become a final order…

September 7, 2011 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Buena Vista Rancheria Wastewater Treatment Plant (Casino)

In re Buena Vista Rancheria Wastewater Treatment Plant (Casino) (EAB NPDES Appeal Nos. 10-05, 10-06, 10-07, and 10-13): NPDES permit review denied

EPA Region 9 issued an NPDES permit for the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians to operate a wastewater treatment plant serving the Buena Vista Casino in California. Four petitioners challenged the permit, raising issues about EPA's jurisdiction, wastewater flow calculations, effluent limits…

September 6, 2011 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Pinnacle Mining Company

Mine-control order upheld after suspected gob fire

Pinnacle detected elevated carbon monoxide in an inaccessible longwall gob at its gassy underground coal mine, withdrew miners, and later challenged MSHA's section 103(k) control order and refusal to approve its re-ventilation plan. Judge Thomas P. McCarthy credited MSHA's expert and found it more…

September 2, 2011 ·Thomas P. McCarthy ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Dynamic Energy, Inc.

Three equipment violations upheld and $38,000 assessed

MSHA cited Dynamic Energy for a highwall drill with defective ladder steps and head guides, a portal bus with defective brakes, exhaust, steering, and accelerator systems, and a front-end loader with unsafe tire and equipment conditions. Judge Alan G. Paez found all three violations significant and…

August 31, 2011 ·Alan G. Paez ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

Peabody Western Coal Company

In re Peabody Western Coal Company (EAB NPDES Appeal Nos. 10-15 and 10-16): review denied

Peabody Western Coal Company received an EPA Region 9 NPDES renewal permit for discharges from its Black Mesa Complex on the Hopi and Navajo reservations. The petitioners challenged the permit under the Clean Water Act, NEPA, the Endangered Species Act, and permit procedures. The EAB rejected…

August 31, 2011 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.