Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,593 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
216 decisions 29 C.F.R. § 1926.500(d)(1)

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COMM

Data Electric Company, Inc.

Three items affirmed and one stairway item vacated

Data Electric was an electrical subcontractor on construction of a municipal services building in New York. It did not create or control the unguarded stairways and floor perimeters, but the Commission held that a noncontrolling subcontractor must take realistic measures to protect its own…

March 7, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Elford, Inc.

Extinguisher and saw-switch items affirmed

Elford was remodeling a building when OSHA issued ten nonserious citation items. Two items were not contested and became final orders. Of the remaining items, the judge affirmed a fire-protection item because the extinguisher near a kerosene storage area had been discharged and was ineffective. The…

March 3, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

J. K. Butler Builders, Inc.

Fall-protection citation reinstated for rebar work

J. K. Butler Builders was the general contractor for a building addition in San Antonio, Texas. After a foreman left to obtain scaffold railings, employees continued tying reinforcing steel on an unguarded beam about 26 feet above the ground without safety belts or equivalent protection. The…

February 25, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Nordman Roofing Co., Inc.

Amended flat-roof fall-protection citation affirmed

Nordman Roofing’s case came before the Commission on its own review order, but no party objected to the judge’s decision. The Commission declined to address the merits independently and left the judge’s ruling unchanged. Commissioner Moran’s dissent states that the judge found the originally cited…

February 18, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Baxter Electric Company

Commission leaves four subcontractors' citation vacaturs in place

Baxter Electric Company, Wentz Plumbing and Heating, Tri Sales Associates, and H. H. Robertson Company were subcontractors on construction of the State Office Building in Lincoln, Nebraska. OSHA cited each for alleged fall, floor-opening, guardrail, toeboard, and hollow-pan stair hazards under…

February 18, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

Space Age Concrete & Masonry, Inc.

Fall-hazard items affirmed and four other citations vacated

Space Age Concrete & Masonry worked as a masonry subcontractor on a multistory building in Naples, Florida. Inspections found employees near uncovered elevator-shaft openings and working at unguarded edges without effective fall protection. The judge affirmed the floor-opening and…

February 7, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Dale Crampton Co.

Flat-roof guardrail citation vacated

Dale Crampton Company was reroofing a University of Arkansas building in Fayetteville. Three employees worked on an essentially flat roof about 27 feet above a concrete sidewalk, handling old roofing, new material, and hot asphalt near an 18-inch parapet. OSHA cited the lack of a standard railing…

January 26, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

Carr Erectors, Inc.

Steel-floor perimeter item affirmed and elevator-platform item vacated

Carr Erectors was performing steel erection on a high-rise building in Columbus, Ohio. On the thirteenth floor, employees accessed a temporary steel-and-rebar floor section with no perimeter protection next to a twelve-foot gap. The Commission held that the specific steel-erection perimeter rule…

January 21, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Underhill Construction Corp. and DIC Concrete Corp., trading as DIC-Underhill, A Joint Venture

Repeat serious perimeter-guarding violation affirmed

DIC-Underhill was cited after employees worked near unguarded edges on the fourth and fifth floors of a high-rise construction project. The judge found that perimeter guards sometimes had to be removed for specialized column work, but held the company responsible for completely removing the…

January 14, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Yonkers Plate Glass, Inc.

Serious balcony fall hazard affirmed

Two Yonkers Plate Glass employees installed metal trim on an unguarded fourth-floor balcony about 40 feet above ground, working as close as three feet from the edge without belts or lifelines. The judge credited the compliance officer’s identification of the workers and imputed the foreman’s…

January 7, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

L. H. Sowles Company

Construction-site exposure citations affirmed

These consolidated cases involved three construction sites. At a North Dakota power plant, debris obstructed walkways and cutting waste fell through floor holes into an incompletely barricaded area; both nonserious items were affirmed, with a $45 penalty for housekeeping and none for falling…

January 7, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Central Contracting Corporation

Roof-edge and air-shaft violations affirmed

At a hospital addition, a crane operator worked near the unguarded edge of an elevator-tower roof about 20 feet above a scaffold, and an unguarded air-shaft pit lay beside an employee walkway. The company conceded both violations but disputed their classification and penalties. The judge found the…

January 6, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Union Steel Erectors, Inc.

Willful crane-riding and fall violations affirmed

OSHA observed Union Steel employees riding a crane hook, headache ball, and suspended steel loads 50 to 70 feet above the ground. The foreman knowingly allowed the practice for about a week, the general contractor had warned him it violated safety rules, and the crane operator knew it was…

January 6, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Roof Engineering Corporation

Flat-roof guardrail citation vacated

Roof Engineering employees installed roofing material on an open-sided flat penthouse roof. The Commission affirmed vacation of the guardrail citation because, under its intervening Central City Roofing precedent adopting the Fifth Circuit’s Diamond Roofing reasoning, the open-sided-floor standard…

January 4, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

Rayco Construction Company, Inc.

Repeat guardrail and housekeeping violations affirmed

Rayco employees worked on unguarded second- and third-floor levels in cold, gusty weather with ice, snow, and water on the surfaces. Some came within inches of floor edges or worked on beams outside the floors, facing falls of 12 to 24 feet. The second floor also contained lumber with protruding…

January 3, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Brown and Root, Inc.

Serious items settled and scaffold-screen citation vacated

Brown and Root settled serious allegations involving an inadequately slung boiler pipe that fell about 140 feet, an uncovered floor opening, an unguarded winch platform, and an unguarded runway at the steam-drum level. Those items were affirmed under the settlement with a total $1,000 penalty. The…

January 3, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Crain Electric, Inc.

Eight construction items vacated for lack of exposure proof

Crain Electric was an electrical subcontractor on a large power-station construction project with many other contractors. OSHA cited temporary wiring conditions, floor openings, floor holes, and unguarded elevated floors and proposed penalties totaling $145. The compliance officer did not observe…

October 20, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Underhill Construction Corp. and DIC Concrete, trading as DIC-Underhill, A Joint Venture

Construction violations upheld with penalty reductions

DIC-Underhill was erecting concrete high-rise structures at a large New York construction site. A serious guardrail citation and $1,000 penalty became final because the company's notice of contest referred only to a later six-item nonserious citation. The judge merged a duplicate nonserious…

October 18, 1976
Modified
COMM

Beldon Roofing & Remodeling Co.

Flat-roof guardrail citation vacated

Beldon Roofing was reroofing a flat-roofed building, and an employee filled and carried buckets of hot tar near an unguarded roof edge. OSHA cited the company under the open-sided floor and platform guardrail standard and proposed a $500 penalty. The judge initially affirmed the item as nonserious…

October 13, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Frank Briscoe Company, Inc.

Construction citations partly upheld and partly vacated

Frank Briscoe was the general contractor for a multilevel building project where OSHA cited housekeeping, floor-opening, scaffold, ladder, fall-protection, and hard-hat conditions. The Commission vacated a general personal-protective-equipment item because OSHA did not identify or prove a feasible…

October 4, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Frank Briscoe Company, Inc.

Fall-protection item affirmed and ladder citation amended

Frank Briscoe employees worked near unguarded building edges, including one employee standing on a ladder beside the open third-floor perimeter without a tied-off safety belt. The Commission vacated the roof-edge citation under then-current precedent holding that § 1926.500(d)(1) did not apply to…

September 23, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Circle Industries Corp.

Unguarded-floor citation reinstated

Circle Industries was a carpentry subcontractor on a New York City apartment project where floor perimeters lacked guardrails. Its employees worked within five feet of those edges while installing door bucks, although the compliance officer did not see them exposed during the inspection. The…

September 22, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Champlin Petroleum Co.

Flat-roof citation vacated

A Champlin employee worked at the edge of a service-station roof while removing a sign without a safety line or safety belt. OSHA cited Champlin for a serious violation of the construction perimeter-guarding standard, and the judge affirmed that item. The Commission vacated the citation because its…

September 3, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Sloan Roofing Company

Flat-roof guarding citation vacated

Sloan Roofing employees installed roofing material on a flat roof at a Michelin Tire facility in Edison, New Jersey. The roof was 24 feet above the ground, but the judge found that the employees stayed at least 40 feet from its edge and were not exposed to a perimeter fall hazard. OSHA alleged a…

September 2, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Pierce Associates, Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Pierce Associates case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The release does not describe the workplace facts, other citation items, or penalty result. Commissioner Moran's dissent states that Citation Number 4 remained affirmed under the…

August 27, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Decks, Inc. of Florida

Flat-roof guarding item vacated

OSHA cited Decks, Inc. of Florida for several items, including an allegation that it failed to install perimeter guarding on a flat roof. The Commission held that 29 C.F.R. § 1926.500(d)(1) did not apply to flat roofs. It therefore vacated Item 7 and its associated penalty. The Commission also…

August 19, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

A. Munder & Son, Inc. and Robert Catino, Inc.

Accessible hazards separated from remote conditions

A. Munder & Son was a sheet-metal subcontractor, and Robert Catino was a carpentry subcontractor, at a New York City building project. Both companies' employees passed near unsecured oxygen and acetylene cylinders that lacked valve caps, so the Commission affirmed the cylinder-storage violations…

August 17, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Langer Roofing & Sheet Metal, Inc.

Flat-roof guarding citation vacated

OSHA cited Langer Roofing & Sheet Metal for allowing employees to work on an unguarded flat roof. The administrative law judge had vacated the citation on procedural grounds. During Commission review, the company moved to dismiss the review and vacate the citation because 29 C.F.R. § 1926.500(d)(1)…

August 11, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

National Roofing of Sioux City, Inc.

Flat-roof citation vacated, chain-guard item affirmed

National Roofing employees applied tar near the edge of a flat school roof about 13 feet above the next level without guardrails, lifelines, or other fall protection. The Commission vacated the repeated citation under 29 C.F.R. § 1926.500(d)(1) because that standard did not apply to flat roofs. It…

August 3, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Hayden Electric Services, Inc.

Balcony-guarding citation reinstated with a $100 penalty

Hayden Electric was an electrical subcontractor working in a 19-story building under construction. An employee installed a light fixture on an unguarded 16th-floor balcony while working about five to seven feet from the open edge. The Commission held that the employee was within the fall-hazard…

July 28, 1976
Modified
COMM

Underhill Construction Corp. and DIC Concrete, dba DIC Underhill, a Joint Venture

High-rise helmet and perimeter items expanded

DIC Underhill was the concrete subcontractor responsible for superstructures on a 47-building high-rise project. OSHA observed employees without helmets in areas exposed to impact and falling-object hazards, and employees working throughout five unguarded five-story buildings. The Commission held…

July 23, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Vappi and Company, Inc.

Construction-manager safety items affirmed

Vappi served as construction manager for a new Faulkner Hospital building and coordinated numerous independent contractors. Although its employees performed no permanent construction, Vappi supplied carpenters for safety measures and temporary scaffolding, laborers for debris cleanup, and…

July 21, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Vappi and Company, Inc.

Construction-manager safety items affirmed

Vappi served as construction manager for a new Faulkner Hospital building and coordinated numerous independent contractors. Although its employees performed no permanent construction, Vappi supplied carpenters for safety measures and temporary scaffolding, laborers for debris cleanup, and…

July 21, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Enterprise Roofing & Sheet Metal Co.; Anning-Johnson Company; Frank Briscoe Company, Inc.; Tri-State Roofing & Sheet Metal Company, Inc.

Flat-roof guard citations vacated

Four employers were cited for failing to install perimeter guarding on flat roofs. Applying its Central City Roofing decision, the Commission held that section 1926.500(d)(1) did not apply to flat roofs and vacated the guard citations and their penalties in all four cases. Commissioner Cleary…

July 8, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

M. M. Schranz Roofing & Building Supply Co., Inc.

Flat-roof railing item vacated

M. M. Schranz Roofing was cited for failing to install standard railings on a flat roof where its employees worked. Applying its divided Central City Roofing decision, the Commission held that section 1926.500(d)(1) did not apply to the flat roof. It reversed the judge and vacated citation item 2…

July 7, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Huber, Hunt & Nichols, Inc. and Blount Brothers Corporation, a Joint Venture

Superdome citations affirmed

The joint venture was general contractor for construction of the Louisiana Superdome, with about 350 employees and numerous subcontractors at the site. The Commission affirmed two serious citations and eighteen additional items covering perimeter and opening guards, personal protective equipment…

June 28, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Carr Erectors, Inc.

Elevated-work citations vacated

Carr Erectors employees worked about 42 feet above the ground while constructing a cement bulk plant. The employer supplied safety belts and lines and instructed employees to use them, although two employees were observed without that protection. The Commission affirmed the judge's conclusion that…

June 4, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

David Neiss, d/b/a Neiss Engineering Company

Fall-hazard penalties reduced

Neiss Engineering was cited for 12 nonserious conditions at a concrete apartment-building project, including ladder defects, unguarded floor openings and platforms, housekeeping, unsecured gas cylinders, and other guarding issues. The judge affirmed the violations and adjusted the proposed…

May 19, 1976
Modified
COMM

Anning-Johnson Company

Multi-employer subcontractor defenses defined

Anning-Johnson was a drywall and ceiling subcontractor whose employees encountered unguarded floors and stairs, debris, and missing fire extinguishers at construction projects in Florida and Georgia. The company did not create or control the cited conditions and had complained to the general…

May 12, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Grossman Steel & Aluminum Corporation

Known perimeter hazard required reasonable protective action

A Grossman Steel employee worked on the second floor of a school under construction, about 15 feet above the ground, where the building perimeter was completely unguarded. The general contractor was responsible for guardrails, and craft rules prevented Grossman from installing them, but Grossman…

May 12, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Robert W. Setterlin & Sons Co.

Tenth-floor guardrail citation vacated

Setterlin employees installed masonry at an unguarded section of the tenth floor of a telephone building. The guardrails had been removed so cement blocks could be installed, and the record showed that the work could not be performed with standard rails in place. The Commission affirmed the judge's…

May 11, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Zipco Construction Corp.

Guardrail and fire-extinguisher items affirmed

Zipco was building three two-story townhouses in Yonkers, New York. An employee carried lumber near an unguarded open-sided floor eight feet above the ground without fall protection, and the townhouses lacked the required fire extinguishers. Fire-protection equipment was available elsewhere at or…

April 20, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Underhill Construction Corp., individually, and DIC Concrete Corp., individually and trading as DIC-Underhill, A Joint Venture

Open-floor, saw, and ladder violations affirmed

DIC-Underhill performed structural concrete work on a high-rise building and garage complex. About 15 employees worked and moved within four feet of an unguarded second-floor perimeter approximately 13 feet above the ground. The Commission held that this showed actual exposure and that employee…

April 19, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Warnel Corporation

Safety-belt violation affirmed after amendment

Two Warnel employees installed window frames at the edge of a third floor about 30 feet above the ground. They had to move outside the existing guardrail to perform the work, but they used no safety belts or other fall protection. The Commission held that a safety belt was not the structural…

March 31, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

DIC-Underhill, A Joint Venture

Perimeter-guarding and housekeeping violations affirmed

DIC-Underhill performed structural concrete work on a New York City apartment building. The first and second floor edges were unguarded, with drops greater than six feet, and employees worked on both levels. The Commission held that the general perimeter-guarding standard applied to concrete…

March 31, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Bechtel Power Corporation

Construction-manager safety violations affirmed

Bechtel managed construction of a Missouri power plant but did not perform craft labor. Its engineers, timekeepers, safety representatives, and other employees regularly worked throughout the construction site. The Commission held that this management and inspection work was directly tied to…

March 11, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Electrical Contractor Associates, Inc.

Shaft and roof-edge guarding citations affirmed

Electrical Contractor Associates was an electrical subcontractor at a building project in Altoona, Pennsylvania. Its employees worked near a mechanical shaft that lacked toeboards and was partly unguarded, and near an unguarded roof edge 48 feet above the ground. The judge affirmed two nonserious…

February 24, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Abbott-Sommer, Inc.

Roofing citations mostly affirmed without merits review

Abbott-Sommer was a roofing subcontractor working on a flat roof in Totowa, New Jersey. The judge vacated an item alleging inadequate potable water but affirmed items involving head protection during slag hoisting, an enclosed debris chute, perimeter guarding, and fall-protection equipment for an…

February 17, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

The Ashton Company, Inc.

Steel-erection railing rule controlled temporary floors

The Ashton Company was the general contractor building a multistory county courthouse in Tucson, Arizona. During the steel-erection stage, employees installed plywood decking and poured concrete on partially completed second and third floors. OSHA cited Ashton under the general open-sided-floor…

January 26, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Sletten Construction Co.

Bridge guardrail citation affirmed

Sletten Construction was excavating bridge piers and used a work bridge above water without guardrails. The Commission upheld the judge's finding, based on circumstantial evidence, that employees were exposed to the unguarded bridge and affirmed the repeated violation with a $340 penalty. It also…

December 31, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Vincent Rizzo, d/b/a Vincent Rizzo Construction Co. or Masoncraft, Inc.

Citations dismissed for naming the wrong employer

OSHA issued three serious construction citations totaling $1,500 against Vincent Rizzo and a company that had not performed the cited work. The notice of contest promptly stated that Masoncraft, Inc. was the correct employer, but the Secretary continued prosecuting Rizzo individually rather than…

December 22, 1975
Procedural
COMM

Underhill Construction Corp. & DIC Concrete Corp., d/b/a DIC-Underhill, A Joint Venture

Serious 24th-floor fall hazard affirmed, penalty set at $650

DIC-Underhill was performing concrete-forming work on the 24th floor of a New York high-rise project. Eleven employees worked within two to three feet of an unguarded floor edge about 200 feet above ground, with no perimeter rails, safety nets, or personal protective equipment. The Commission…

October 16, 1975
Modified
COMM

A.I. Smith Electrical Contractors, Inc.

Contest dismissed after failure to answer

OSHA cited A.I. Smith Electrical Contractors for open-sided-floor and hoistway-entrance violations and proposed a $250 penalty. The company timely contested but did not answer the Secretary's complaint. It also did not respond to the judge's order to explain the missing answer, so the judge…

July 25, 1975
Procedural
COMM

C.E.C. Electrical Company

Fall-protection and electrical citations affirmed

C.E.C. Electrical employees worked around untagged deenergized circuits, exposed live parts, unprotected cables, and unsecured switchboxes. Another employee lay on a 24-inch-wide walkway suspended about 70 feet above the floor and leaned out to weld without guardrails, a safety belt, or a lifeline…

July 2, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Bob McCaslin Steel Erection Company

Related companies treated as one employer

Workers at an airport construction site were exposed to debris with protruding nails, unguarded floor holes, and unguarded elevated platforms. They were nominally employed by Bob McCaslin Anchor Company, while OSHA cited Bob McCaslin Steel Erection Company. The judge treated the two corporations as…

June 23, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Layton Roofing Company, Inc.

Flat-roof guardrail citation and $300 penalty affirmed

Layton Roofing employees worked on a flat concrete roof more than 16 feet above the ground without perimeter guardrails. An employee had fallen from the roof and died the day before OSHA's inspection. The judge held that the open-sided-floor standard did not apply to flat roofs, but the Commission…

May 27, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Edward M. Ream, Inc.

Flat-roof fall citation vacated

Employees installed roofing on a flat, solid-surfaced roof more than 100 feet above the ground without perimeter railings, nets, or personal fall protection. An employee had previously fallen from the roof and died. The judge held that the cited safety-net and personal-protective-equipment…

May 27, 1975
Citations vacated
COMM

Alcap Electrical Corp.

Subcontractor citations affirmed for employee exposure

Alcap Electrical was an electrical subcontractor at a building project where employees encountered unguarded floor openings, unguarded stairs, unsecured gas cylinders, and other construction hazards. Alcap argued that it did not create or control the hazardous conditions. The Commission held that a…

May 15, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Wilmorite, Inc.

Construction citations withdrawn with prejudice

Wilmorite was adding six floors to an existing building in Syracuse, New York. OSHA cited an unguarded tenth-floor perimeter, a short ladder extension, unguarded floor and ladderway openings, and construction debris. The judge vacated the citations after finding, among other things, that the…

April 22, 1975
Citations vacated
COMM

Everhart Steel Construction Company, Inc.

Roof-edge and grounding citations affirmed

An Everhart Steel employee worked at the edge of a flat roof thirty-two feet above the ground, leaning over the side to pass siding and other material to workers on a scaffold. The roof had no perimeter guard or other protective device. The Commission held that the open-sided-floor standard applied…

April 9, 1975
Citations affirmed

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.