Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

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ALJ

Texasgulf Inc.

Transformer citation vacated

MSHA cited Texasgulf after finding that a transformer casing was less than three feet from a chain-link fence at the Lee Creek Mine. Judge George A. Koutras held that the cited standard required a substantial fence at least three feet from energized parts, casings, or wiring, but the Secretary did…

January 7, 1994 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
COMM

Secretary of Labor o/b/o Johnson v. Jim Walter Resources, Inc.

Premature review petition dismissed

Jim Walter Resources petitioned for Commission review of an administrative law judge's liability decision in a discrimination case before the judge had issued a final order on damages. The Commission held that the petition was premature and dismissed it without prejudice. Jim Walter could file a…

January 7, 1994 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Consolidated electrical and cleanup violations decided

MSHA brought four consolidated proceedings against Consolidation Coal Company involving electrical bonding, coal cleanup, electrical equipment, and examination conditions at the Arkwright No. 1 and Blacksville No. 2 Mines. Judge George A. Koutras found a mix of violations, modifying several orders…

January 5, 1994 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Crown/Vista Energy Project (CVEP) West Deptford, New Jersey

In re Crown/Vista Energy Project (CVEP) West Deptford, New Jersey (EAB PSD Appeal Nos. 93-15 through 93-18): review denied

Crown Energy and Vista Energy received a New Jersey PSD permit to construct a 362-megawatt pulverized coal-fired power plant in West Deptford Township. Four petitioners challenged the permit based on pollution controls, air quality and estuary impacts, and volatile organic compound emissions. The…

January 5, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Peabody Coal Company

Respiratory-dust citations affirmed

MSHA cited Peabody Coal Company after respirable-dust sampling exceeded the applicable limit on three mechanized mining units at the Camp No. 1 Mine. Peabody conceded that the violations occurred and were significant and substantial, but disputed the findings of unwarrantable failure, high…

January 5, 1994 ·Arthur J. Amchan ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Peabody Coal Company

Two electrical citations vacated

MSHA cited Peabody Coal Company after an inspection at its Camp No. 9 Preparation Plant. The citations concerned a flexible cord used with an exhaust fan and a fan motor that was not explosion-proof. Judge Arthur J. Amchan found that the evidence did not establish a violation of the National…

January 5, 1994 ·Arthur J. Amchan ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Lynx Coal Company

Settlement approved and penalties reduced

MSHA proposed penalties against Lynx Coal Company for two alleged violations involving a low conveyor belt at the No. 2 Mine. One citation concerned missing guards around the tail roller system, and the other concerned removing spilled coal while the belt was operating. The parties reported that…

January 5, 1994 ·David F. Barbour ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Keystone Coal Mining Corporation

Spot-inspection citations vacated

MSHA cited Keystone Coal Mining Corporation for respirable-dust concentrations based on single-shift samples from a spot-inspection program. The Commission held that the program attempted to rescind an earlier finding that single-shift sampling did not accurately represent miners' exposure, and…

January 4, 1994 ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

All American Ashpalt

Temporary reinstatement ordered

The Secretary sought temporary reinstatement for four All American Asphalt employees who alleged they were laid off or otherwise treated adversely after engaging in protected safety activity. Judge August F. Cetti found that the discrimination complaints were not frivolous, while emphasizing that…

January 3, 1994 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Energy West Mining Company

$100 penalty approved

The Commission granted the Secretary of Labor's and Energy West Mining Company's joint petition for discretionary review. The case had been remanded for analysis of whether the violation was significant and substantial, but the ALJ had not reassessed the civil penalty after finding that it was not…

January 3, 1994 ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Sterling/ICC, and its Successors

Late contests dismissed after remand hearing

An earlier order dismissed Sterling/ICC's notices of contest as untimely. The Commission sent the matters back for a hearing because the company's vice president suggested that OSHA had led him to believe a lawyer was required to contest the citations. At the hearing, the OSHA district supervisor…

January 3, 1994 ·Irving Sommer ·OSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Southwest Refractory, Inc.

Suspended-load violation affirmed with reduced penalty

Southwest Refractory hired an independent crane company to turn a 17,000-pound steel pipe while Southwest applied refractory lining at its Sapulpa, Oklahoma, facility. A Southwest employee crouched beneath the suspended pipe to move supporting timbers, and the pipe fell on him; he later died from…

January 3, 1994 ·Richard DeBenedetto ·OSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Jim Walter Resources, Incorporated

Walkaround and discrimination violations found

Jim Walter Resources operated an underground coal mine where miner representative Carroll Johnson accompanied an MSHA inspection focused on respirable dust controls. Judge Avram Weisberger found that Johnson was engaged in protected activity when he helped the inspection and that the company…

December 30, 1993 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Peabody Coal Company

Electrical citations affirmed as significant and substantial

MSHA cited Peabody Coal Company after finding that a cathead's external grounding wires were disconnected and that another cathead was not plainly marked. Judge Arthur J. Amchan found both violations significant and substantial under the Mathies test. He affirmed both citations and assessed a $189…

December 30, 1993 ·Arthur J. Amchan ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Braithwaite v. Tri-Star Mining

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Vincent Braithwaite worked as a heavy equipment operator at Tri-Star Mining and refused to operate a large dump truck because he felt uncomfortable operating it. An Administrative Law Judge had found that the refusal was protected and awarded damages after finding that Tri-Star unlawfully…

December 22, 1993 ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Benevento Sand and Gravel

Citations affirmed with modifications

Benevento Sand and Gravel, a small quarry and mill operator, faced eight citations and orders involving truck alarms, seat belts, a loader passenger, a conveyor guard, and other equipment conditions. Judge Paul Merlin affirmed the fact of each violation and most significant and substantial and…

December 21, 1993 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

Martinka Coal Company

Withdrawal orders affirmed

MSHA cited Martinka Coal Company for coal and coal-dust accumulations under a belt line and for frozen or missing belt rollers that left the belt rubbing against its supporting structure. After Martinka received five days to abate the conditions, an inspector found that some violations remained and…

December 21, 1993 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Saginaw Mining Company

Settlement disapproved pending more information

Saginaw Mining Company faced three citations after an October 23, 1991 roof-fall accident at the Saginaw Mine that caused fatal injuries to a mine foreman and serious injuries to a construction foreman. The Secretary proposed reducing the total civil penalties from $21,000 to $15,000, but the…

December 21, 1993 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company, Incorporated

Electrical violations modified

Consolidation Coal was cited after an underground mine inspector found missing bolts on a high-voltage splitter box and later saw the box returned to service before it was repaired. Judge David F. Barbour affirmed the underlying violation for the unsafe splitter box and found it significant and…

December 20, 1993 ·David F. Barbour ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

TTX Company, Acorn Division

Lead-exposure items vacated, notice duties affirmed

TTX repaired railroad cars in Jacksonville, Florida, using cutting, welding, and grinding processes that could disturb lead-based paint on older cars. The judge vacated a permissible-exposure-limit item because OSHA placed its sampling cassette outside the employee's welding helmet even though the…

December 20, 1993 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Bermudez & Longo, S.E.

Mixed ruling on grinder and electrical violations

OSHA inspected Bermudez & Longo's construction site in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. The judge affirmed two serious grinder violations because an accessible bench grinder used by employees lacked a work rest and a safety guard, assessing $375 for each item. He vacated a third grinder item because the…

December 20, 1993 ·Irving Sommer ·OSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Jamieson Company

Guarding citations mixed, total penalty $510

Jamieson Company operated a medium-sized, one-plant sand and gravel operation with 50 employees. Judge Michael A. Lasher addressed seven MSHA citations under two machine-guarding standards, vacating one citation and litigating the six remaining citations. He affirmed violations involving unguarded…

December 17, 1993 ·Michael A. Lasher ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Materials Delivery

Seven citations affirmed

Materials Delivery operated a sand and gravel pit that had not notified MSHA that operations had begun. Judge Arthur J. Amchan also found violations involving inoperative loader horns and a reverse alarm, unsecured compressed-gas cylinders, missing toilet facilities, and a raised loader bucket. He…

December 17, 1993 ·Arthur J. Amchan ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Secretary of Labor o/b/o Shepherd v. Sovereign Mining Company

Temporary reinstatement issues remanded

An Administrative Law Judge ordered Danny Shepherd's temporary reinstatement after finding that his discrimination complaint was not frivolous. Shepherd was laid off the next day, and the Secretary asked the Commission to compel compliance with the reinstatement order or send the matter back to the…

December 17, 1993 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Super Sky Products, Inc.

Atrium fall-protection violations affirmed

A Super Sky employee was water-testing a sloped glass atrium in Cleveland while working from a narrow gutter high above the patio below. A Labor Department attorney and OSHA supervisor watched through binoculars and saw that the employee was not tied to the safety line, although Super Sky disputed…

December 17, 1993 ·Paul L. Brady ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

United States Steel Mining Company, Inc.

Safeguard violation affirmed, S&S issue remanded

MSHA cited United States Steel Mining Company after trolley poles repeatedly disengaged from the trolley wire at the Gary No. 50 Mine in West Virginia. The Commission held that the safeguard notice gave the operator fair notice that trolley wire had to be kept within a proper distance of the track…

December 16, 1993 ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Slade Vanover v. Shamrock Coal Company

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Slade Vanover worked as a longwall technician for Shamrock Coal Company and complained about dust, underground detonations, and the transport of explosives on a mantrip. He claimed that the company ignored those concerns and constructively discharged him when he left in July 1992. Judge George A…

December 16, 1993 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Safeway Store No. 914

Commission affirms hazard-communication violations without penalty

OSHA cited a Safeway grocery store in Loveland, Colorado, for hazard-communication deficiencies involving a windshield washer used to clean checkout scanners and a sanitizer used in the meat department. The Commission held that the citations were timely because OSHA issued them within six months…

December 16, 1993 ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Kaspar Electroplating Corp.

Commission affirms three machine-guarding violations and vacates drill-press items

OSHA cited Kaspar Electroplating after inspecting its Shiner, Texas facility. On review, the Commission rejected Kaspar's argument that the citation was untimely, finding that OSHA issued it within six months of discovering the uncorrected conditions. It also held that a compliance officer may…

December 16, 1993 ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Unarco Commercial Products

Commission holds plating-tank footholds were not platforms

Unarco manufactured shopping carts on an automated electroplating line in Wagoner, Oklahoma. Employees sometimes stood on narrow PVC pipes, copper anode rails, or carry arms to retrieve parts that had fallen into chemical tanks, and one employee had suffered serious burns after falling into a tank…

December 16, 1993 ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
COMM

J.A. Jones Construction Co.

Commission affirms item-specific fall-protection penalties

This case returned to the Commission after an earlier decision affirmed numerous serious, rather than willful, fall-protection violations at J.A. Jones Construction's Chicago high-rise project and remanded for item-specific penalties. On remand, the ALJ evaluated the fall distance, degree of…

December 15, 1993 ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Guess, employed by Pyro Mining Company

Individual penalty proceedings dismissed

The Secretary sought individual civil penalties against Donald Guess and Paul Shirel for allegedly authorizing, ordering, or carrying out Mine Act violations at the William Station Mine. The Commission held that section 110(c) imposes individual liability on agents of corporate operators, while…

December 13, 1993 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Central Florida Underground, Inc.

Crane and rigging violations affirmed after fatal power-line contact

Central Florida Underground was an underground pipe contractor whose crew used a crane to move a trench box near energized overhead electrical lines. During the work, the crane boom contacted the lines and an employee touching the crane was electrocuted. The judge found that Central failed to train…

December 10, 1993 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Container Corporation of America

Three disputed paper-mill safety items vacated

Container Corporation of America operated a paper mill in Fernandina Beach, Florida. The parties settled most citation issues before the hearing, leaving three items concerning wet and oily floors, protective clothing for welders, and insulation or guarding of steam pipes. The judge vacated the…

December 10, 1993 ·Paul L. Brady ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

Mine jurisdiction and entry citation affirmed

Air Products and Chemicals processed coal refuse and run-of-mine coal at its Cambria Co-Generation Facility to produce electricity and steam. The Commission held that the coal-handling facilities were subject to Mine Act jurisdiction because the company broke, crushed, sized, and stored coal…

December 9, 1993 ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

J & S Collieries, Inc.

Discrimination settlement approved

Herbert Collins brought a Mine Act discrimination complaint against J & S Collieries after his employment ended. Judge Paul Merlin approved a settlement under which the company paid Collins $5,000, expunged related personnel records, and agreed to provide only neutral employment information to…

December 9, 1993 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Gouverneur Talc Company

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Thomas P. Gates filed a Mine Act discrimination complaint after Gouverneur Talc Company permanently discharged him following an altercation with a coworker. He argued that the company's later arbitration process was tainted by his discrimination complaint and that his discharge was related to…

December 8, 1993 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

General Chemical Company

USWA (Ronald Shane Bird) v. General Chemical Company (FMSHRC WEST 92-596-DM): Mine Act discrimination complaint dismissed

Ronald Shane Bird, a bore miner operator at General Chemical's underground trona mine, alleged that reprimands and crew reassignments followed his safety complaint about a high cut in the mine roof. Judge Michael A. Lasher, Jr. found that Bird's initial safety complaint and request for a safety…

December 8, 1993 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Manalapan Mining Company, Inc.

Settlement approved for $12,100

Manalapan Mining Company faced civil penalty proceedings across four dockets involving Mine Nos. 1, 6, and 7. Judge Roy J. Maurer approved a settlement that reduced the proposed penalties from $14,612 to $12,100. The company was ordered to pay the settlement amount within 30 days, and the cases…

December 8, 1993 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Secretary of Labor o/b/o Peters v. Thunder Basin Coal Company

Secretary of Labor on behalf of Loy Peters, Donald Gregory, and Darryl Anderson v. Thunder Basin Coal Company (FMSHRC WEST 93-652-D): Temporary reinstatement affirmed

Three technicians-welders at Thunder Basin Coal's Black Thunder mine were laid off during a workforce reduction and alleged that the layoffs were illegal retaliation for exercising rights protected by the Mine Act. After an evidentiary hearing, the ALJ found their discrimination complaints were not…

December 6, 1993 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Bucket Coal Company

Dust-sampling citation vacated

MSHA cited Bucket Coal Company for failing to collect and submit five respirable-dust samples during the March and April 1992 bimonthly period. The company said its mine had been flooded and was not producing coal during the relevant period. Judge Avram Weisberger credited the company's witness and…

November 30, 1993 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
COMM

Cedar Lake Sand & Gravel Company, Inc.

Default order vacated and case remanded

Cedar Lake Sand & Gravel failed to answer a civil-penalty proposal and a show-cause order, so an ALJ entered a default order assessing the proposed $100 penalty. Cedar Lake later said it had timely responded to the show-cause order and asked for relief from the default. The Commission treated the…

November 30, 1993 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Tanglewood Energy, Inc.

Perry Poddey v. Tanglewood Energy, Inc. (FMSHRC WEVA 93-339-D): Retaliatory discharge found, reinstatement and backpay ordered

Perry Poddey, an underground coal miner at Tanglewood Energy's Coal Bank No. 12 mine, raised concerns about a roof-bolt citation and criticized his section foreman. After a confrontation, Tanglewood fired him and claimed the discharge followed misconduct and insubordination. Judge Arthur J. Amchan…

November 29, 1993 ·Arthur J. Amchan ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Otis Elevator Company

Missing access-records rule classified as de minimis

Otis Elevator was installing three elevators at a construction site when an OSHA inspector asked for a copy of the employee medical and exposure records access rule. Otis had material safety data sheets at the site but did not have the rule or its appendices, and it did not create or maintain…

November 29, 1993 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld ·OSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Hartford Roofing Co., Inc.

Warning-line violation affirmed on 69-foot-wide roof

Hartford Roofing was performing built-up roofing work on a low-pitched roof that was about 69 feet wide and 19 feet above the ground. Two employees moving sheetrock worked about eight feet from the roof edge. Hartford used only a safety monitor, but the judge found that the roof-width rule required…

November 26, 1993 ·Richard DeBenedetto ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

New Hope of Kentucky, Inc.

Settlement approved with reduced penalties

New Hope of Kentucky faced civil-penalty proceedings involving three dockets and proposed assessments totaling $5,952. The parties reached a settlement that reduced the total penalty to $3,692, including a reduction from $500 to $100 in KENT 93-487 and reductions on several citations in KENT…

November 24, 1993 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Energy West Mining Company

S&S designation removed on remand

Energy West Mining was cited for a violation at the Cottonwood Mine that had previously been designated significant and substantial. On remand from the Commission, Judge Michael A. Lasher, Jr. found that the record did not sufficiently show that the mine was gassy or had previously experienced…

November 23, 1993 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

AMOCO Oil Company Mandan, North Dakota Refinery

In re Amoco Oil Company Mandan Refinery (EAB RCRA Appeal No. 92-21): review denied in part and permit remanded in part

Amoco Oil Company operated a petroleum refinery near Mandan, North Dakota, that processed about 60,000 barrels of crude oil each day and produced gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and fuel oil. Amoco challenged many corrective-action and permit conditions, including dispute resolution, conditional…

November 23, 1993 ·EPA EAB
Mixed result
ALJ

F & E Erection Company

Discrimination case settled and dismissed

The Secretary of Labor brought this Mine Act discrimination proceeding on behalf of John Lacek against F & E Erection Company. The Secretary moved to withdraw the complaint after the parties resolved all issues and the company made the required payment to Lacek. Judge Arthur J. Amchan approved the…

November 19, 1993 ·Arthur J. Amchan ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Southmountain Coal Company, Incorporated

Late penalty petitions allowed to proceed

Southmountain Coal moved to dismiss two civil-penalty cases because the Secretary filed the penalty petitions four days after the 45-day deadline in Commission Rule 28(a). The Secretary explained that counsel relied in good faith on the wrong date stamp when calculating the deadline. Judge Gary…

November 19, 1993 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

S & H Mining, Incorporated

Roof-control and examination violations affirmed

MSHA cited S & H Mining after a roof fall at the No. 7 Mine injured helper Eddie Suttles and caused paralysis. The case involved an entry driven wider than the approved roof-control plan allowed, along with inadequate preshift and on-shift examinations and reporting. Judge Gary Melick found the…

November 19, 1993 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Ray Wentzell, d/b/a N.E.E.T. Builders

Discovery dismissal set aside for further inquiry

N.E.E.T. Builders was a construction business whose owner represented himself in proceedings over a serious citation and proposed penalties totaling $10,050. The ALJ dismissed the notice of contest after the employer did not provide more complete discovery responses despite two orders. The…

November 19, 1993 ·OSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

A A Quality Construction Materials

Settlement approved after hearing conferences

A.A. Quality Construction Material manufactured and sold construction materials. OSHA cited the company for three alleged willful, ten serious, and four other-than-serious violations, with proposed penalties totaling $24,700. The company contested the citations, and the case proceeded to a…

November 19, 1993 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld ·OSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Anderson Excavating & Wrecking Co.

Bridge fall and hard-hat violations affirmed

Anderson Excavating & Wrecking was the demolition contractor removing the old Talmadge Bridge over the Savannah River. The ALJ held that OSHA's construction standards applied because the demolition was part of the larger bridge-replacement project and used construction trades and methods. Employees…

November 19, 1993 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Mutual Erectors Inc.

Three safety violations affirmed for $2,300

Mutual Erectors was a small steel-erection contractor building the steel frame for a school addition. The ALJ vacated a general-industry sling-inspection item because the construction rigging standard more specifically covered the condition and the Secretary did not prove a missed inspection. She…

November 19, 1993 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Triangle Engineering Corp.

Mixed construction ruling carries $1,350 in penalties

Triangle Engineering was the general contractor building a prison in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. The ALJ affirmed serious violations involving site-specific safety instruction, missing edge guardrails, an accessible crane swing radius, and an unprotected excavation. She also affirmed other-than-serious…

November 19, 1993 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld ·OSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Laurel Sand and Gravel, Inc.

Cylinder citation affirmed and settlement approved

Laurel Sand and Gravel was cited after inspectors found six unsecured compressed gas cylinders outside its maintenance shop. Judge Avram Weisberger held that the regulation applies even when cylinders are empty or have no residual pressure, affirmed the citation, and assessed a $50 penalty. He also…

November 18, 1993 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Corporation

Temporary economic reinstatement approved

The Secretary of Labor sought temporary reinstatement for James W. Miller in a Mine Act discrimination proceeding. Before the scheduled hearing, Mettiki Coal and Miller stipulated to temporary economic reinstatement. The agreement required payment of the standard hourly wage, benefits, and bonuses…

November 18, 1993 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Jim Walter Resources, Incorporated

Safety work refusal protected from discrimination

Jim Walter Resources disciplined miner James Johnson after he refused to work in a longwall crosscut where roof conditions were deteriorating and required support had been removed. Judge William Fauver found that Johnson had a reasonable, good-faith belief that the area was unsafe, gave management…

November 18, 1993 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

Sovereign Mining Company

Temporary reinstatement ordered

The Secretary of Labor sought temporary reinstatement for Danny Shepherd after his suspension from Sovereign Mining's No. 1 Mine. The Secretary's filing described protected safety activities connected to Shepherd's work as a miners' safety representative. Sovereign Mining did not request a hearing…

November 18, 1993 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Procedural

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.