Western Fuels-Utah, Inc.

Plain-English summary

Western Fuels-Utah, Inc. was cited under the Mine Act and mining regulations after a section foreman operated a roof-bolting machine without the task training required for miners. The Commission initially held that a state-certified supervisor was exempt from the training requirement, but the D.C. Circuit reversed and held that the exemption applies only while a supervisor is actually supervising. On remand, the Commission followed the court's judgment and reinstated the ALJ's violation finding and $180 civil penalty.

Decision snapshot

• Governing provisions: 30 U.S.C. § 825(a); 30 C.F.R. § 48.7; 30 C.F.R. § 48.2(a)(1)(ii)
• Outcome: The ALJ's violation finding and $180 civil penalty were reinstated on remand.
• Key point: The supervisory training exemption did not apply while the foreman operated mining equipment.

Full text (FMSHRC public release)

CCASE:
MSHA V. WESTERN FUELS-UTAH
DDATE:
19900822
TTEXT:
FEDERAL MINE SAFETY & HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.
August 22, 1990
SECRETARY OF LABOR,
MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION (MSHA)
v. Docket Nos. WEST 86-113-R
WEST 86-114-R
WESTERN FUELS-UTAH, INC. WEST 86-245-(A)

BEFORE: Ford, Chairman; Backley, Doyle, Lastowka and Nelson,
Commissioners
ORDER
BY THE COMMISSION:
This consolidated contest and civil penalty proceeding arising under
the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, 30 U.S.C. •801 et seq.
(1988)("Mine Act" or "Act"), is before us on remand from an opinion of the
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
reversing our prior decision in this matter. Secretary of Labor v. Western
Fuels-Utah, Inc., & FMSHRC, 900 F.2d 318 (1990), rev'd, 11 FMSHRC 278
(March 1989). At issue is whether supervisors who meet the training
certification requirements for supervisory personnel under a state program
approved by the Department of Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration
("MSHA") must be given task training prior to performing work for which
non-supervisory miners would be required to have task training.
MSHA cited Western Fuels-Utah, Inc. ("Western Fuels") for a violation
of section 115(a) of the Mine Act, 30 U.S.C. •825(a), and 30 C.F.R. •48.7
for failing to task train one of its section foremen in the operation of a
roof-bolting machine prior to his using that machine. Section 115(a)(4) of
the Act and section 48.7 of the Secretary of Labor's implementing
regulations require task training for "miners"; as relevant, 30 C.F.R.
48.2(a)(1)(ii) excludes from the definition of "miners" subject to suc
task training "[s]upervisory personnel subject to MSHA approved State
certification requirements." In proceedings before Commission
Administrative Law Judge Roy J. Maurer, Western Fuels argued that the
foreman in question was exempt from the task training requirements pursuant
to the plain language of the exclusion in section 48.2(a)(1)(ii), supra.
Accepting the Secretary's construction of the
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applicable regulations, Judge Maurer concluded that task training of the
foreman was required because the supervisory exemption applies only to a

Page 2

supervisor actually and primarily engaged in supervision and not to one
engaged in the extraction and production process. The judge concluded that
Western Fuels had violated the cited provisions of the Act and regulations
and assessed a civil penalty of $180. 9 FMSHRC 1355 (August 1987)(ALJ).
We granted Western Fuels' petition for discretionary review, which was
limited to the issue of whether the judge erred in his interpretation of
the meaning of the supervisory exemption.
In our prior decision, we disagreed with the judge. We held that the
language of section 48.2(a)(1)(ii) "means what it says, that supervisory
personnel subject to MSHA approved State certification requirements are
exempt from the [relevant] training ... requirements." 11 FMSHRC at 282.
We determined: "The exclusion of 'supervisory personnel' from the
definition of ['miners' subject to the training requirements in issue] has
a plain meaning apparent from any reasonable reading of the regulation.
'[S]upervisory personnel' means individuals who are supervisors.
Supervisors are persons having authority delegated by an employer to
supervise others." 11 FMSHRC at 283. Because it was undisputed that the
foreman in question was a mine foreman certified under an MSHA approved
State program, it followed that he was exempt from the cited training
requirements. In reaching this conclusion, we rejected the Secretary's
interpretation of section 48.2(a)(1)(ii), which we found flatly
contradicted by the plain and unambiguous language of the regulation.
11 FMSHRC at 284-87.
The Secretary appealed our decision. In a 2-1 opinion, the
D.C. Circuit reversed. The Court subscribed to the Secretary's
interpretation of the regulation. The Court held that the supervisory
exemption applies only to the extent that a supervisor is actually engaged
in the act of supervising and does not apply once the person diverts from
supervision to actual operation of mining equipment. Western Fuels-Utah,
supra, 900 F.2d at 320-23. The Court stressed its belief that its
deference to the Secretary's position was required as a matter of law.
900 F.2d at 321, 323. We note the observation of dissenting Circuit Judge
Edwards that "[t]he Secretary of Labor ... seeks to overturn the judgment
of the Commission because, to put it starkly, the regulation should not be
held to mean what it says." 900 F.2d at 323 (Edwards, J., dissenting).
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We are obliged to conform to the judgment of the Court in this
matter. No other issue remains for disposition in this proceeding.
Accordingly, the judge's decision and assessment of civil penalty are
reinstated. */

*/ The Commission contacted both parties administratively and determined
that neither party wished to be further heard on remand.