Secretary of Labor v. Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Commission decision, March 21, 2025)

Plain-English summary

Canyon Fuel failed to forward the relevant proposed penalties to counsel for the next step in contesting them. It sought reopening promptly after discovering the mistake. The Secretary withdrew her opposition to help facilitate a broader settlement involving other cases. The majority reopened the assessment in the interest of justice and remanded it for penalty proceedings. Commissioner Marvit dissented because he believes the Commission lacks authority to reopen section 105(a) final orders.

Decision snapshot

• Cited authority: 30 U.S.C. § 815(a)
• Outcome: The penalty assessment was reopened and remanded, over one Commissioner's dissent.
• Key point: Prompt action after a missed counsel referral and the Secretary's withdrawn opposition supported reopening.

Full text (FMSHRC public release)

FEDERAL
MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION

1331
PENNSYLVANIA AVE., N.W., SUITE 520N

WASHINGTON,
DC 20004-1710

SECRETARY
OF LABOR 

MINE
SAFETY AND HEALTH       

ADMINISTRATION
(MSHA)

v. 

CANYON
FUEL COMPANY, LLC

Docket
No. WEST 2024-0184

A.C.
No. 42-01566-593534

BEFORE: 
Jordan, Chair; Baker and Marvit, Commissioners

ORDER

BY: Jordan, Chair,
and Baker, Commissioner

This matter arises
under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, 30 U.S.C. § 801 et seq. (2018) (“Mine Act”). On April 5, 2024, the Commission received from Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (“Canyon Fuel”) a motion seeking to reopen a penalty assessment that had become a final order of the Commission pursuant to section 105(a) of the Mine Act, 30 U.S.C. § 815(a).

Under section 105(a) of the Mine Act, an
operator who wishes to contest a proposed penalty must notify the Secretary of Labor no later than 30 days after receiving the proposed penalty assessment. If the operator fails to notify the Secretary, the proposed penalty assessment is deemed a final order of the Commission. 30 U.S.C. § 815(a).

We
have held, however, that in appropriate circumstances, we possess jurisdiction to reopen uncontested assessments that have become final Commission orders under section 105(a). Jim Walter Res., Inc., 15 FMSHRC 782, 786-89 (May 1993) (“ JWR ”). In evaluating requests to reopen final orders, the Commission has found guidance in Rule 60(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, under which the Commission may relieve a party from a final order of the Commission on the basis of mistake, inadvertence, excusable neglect, or other reason justifying relief. See 29 C.F.R. § 2700.1(b) (“the Commission and its Judges shall be guided so far as practicable by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure”); JWR , 15 FMSHRC at 787. We have also observed that default is a harsh remedy and that, if the defaulting party can make a showing of good cause for a failure to timely respond, the case may be reopened and appropriate proceedings on the merits permitted. See Coal Prep. Servs., Inc., 17 FMSHRC 1529, 1530 (Sept. 1995).

Records of the Department of Labor’s Mine
Safety and Health Administration (“MSHA”) indicate that the proposed assessment was delivered on February 8, 2024, and became a final order of the Commission on March 11, 2024. Canyon Fuel asserts that it mistakenly failed to send the appropriate penalties to counsel for the next step in contesting. The Secretary of Labor states that she has withdrawn her opposition to the motion to reopen to help facilitate a global settlement involving other cases. We note that the motion to reopen was promptly filed once the operator became aware of its mistake.

Having
reviewed Canyon Fuel’s request and the Secretary’s response, in the interest of justice, we hereby reopen this matter and remand it to the Chief Administrative Law Judge for further proceedings pursuant to the Mine Act and the Commission’s Procedural Rules, 29 C.F.R. Part 2700. Accordingly, consistent with Rule 28, the Secretary shall file a petition for assessment of penalty within 45 days of the date of this order. See 29 C.F.R. § 2700.28.

/s/ Mary Lu Jordan

Mary Lu Jordan, Chair

/s/ Timothy J. Baker

Timothy J. Baker, Commissioner

Commissioner
Marvit, dissenting :

I write to disagree with the Majority in
this case for the reasons set forth below.

In Explosive Contractors , 46 FMSHRC
965 (Dec. 2024), I dissented and explained that Congress did not grant the Commission the authority to reopen final orders under section 105(a) of the Mine Act. The Commission’s repeated invocation of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) cannot overcome the statutory language. However, in Belt Tech , I explained in my concurrence that “the Act clearly states that to become a final order of the Commission, the operator must have received the notification from the Secretary.” 46 FMSHRC 975, 977 (Dec. 2024) (citing Hancock Materials, Inc. , 31 FMSHRC 537 (May 2009)). Taken together, these opinions stand for the proposition that the Commission may not reopen final orders under its statutory grant, but an operator may proceed if it has not properly received a proposed order.

In the instant case, as the Majority
recounts, the Commission’s order became final under the language of section 105(a). The Majority, however, votes to reopen the case. The Mine Act has not granted us authority to reconsider final orders of the Commission as I set out more fully in Explosive Contractors . To the contrary, it has limited our authority to do so. Therefore, I respectfully dissent and would deny reopening.

/s/ Moshe Z.
Marvit

Moshe Z. Marvit,
Commissioner

Distribution:

R.
Henry Moore, Esq.

Fisher
& Phillips LLP

Six
PPG Place, Suite 830

Pittsburgh,
PA 15222

[email protected]

Thomas
A. Paige, Esq. 

Office
of the Solicitor 

U.S.
Department of Labor 

Division
of Mine Safety and Health 

200
Constitution Avenue NW, Suite N4420-N4430 

Washington,
DC 20210 

[email protected] 

Emily
O. Roberts, Esq.

Division
of Mine Safety and Health

Office
of the Solicitor

200
Constitution Avenue NW Suite N4420 – N4430

Washington,
DC 20210

[email protected]

Melanie
Garris

US Department of Labor/MSHA 

Office
of Assessments, Room N3454 

200
Constitution Ave NW 

Washington,
DC 20210 

[email protected] 

Chief
Administrative Law Judge Glynn F. Voisin

Federal Mine Safety Health Review Commission

1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Suite 520N

Washington, DC 20004-1710

[email protected]