General Chemical Corporation

Plain-English summary

General Chemical Corporation asked the Commission to reopen uncontested civil penalty assessments that it had already paid. The operator argued that the Secretary had improperly increased the penalties under an interim excessive-history program later given no legal effect in related Commission decisions. The Commission held that it had authority to reopen final orders in appropriate circumstances, including paid uncontested penalties, but found that GCC had not met the requirements for relief under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) or principles of equity. The Commission denied the motion and dismissed the proceeding.

Decision snapshot

• Cited provisions: 30 U.S.C. § 815(a)
• Outcome: The Commission denied the motion to reopen and dismissed the proceeding.
• Key point: Failure to contest proposed penalties does not establish grounds for Rule 60(b) or equitable relief.

Full text (FMSHRC public release)

CCASE:
GENERAL CHEMICAL CORP. V. SOL (MSHA)
DDATE:
19930629
TTEXT:

                              June 29, 1993

GENERAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION :
:
v. : Docket No. SPECIAL 92-07
:
SECRETARY OF LABOR, :
MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH :
ADMINISTRATION (MSHA) :

BEFORE: Holen, Chairman; Backley, Doyle, and Nelson, Commissioners

                                DECISION

BY THE COMMISSION:

  In this proceeding arising under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act

of 1977, 30 U.S.C. 801 et seq. (1988)("Mine Act" or "Act"), General Chemical
Corporation ("GCC") filed with the Commission a Notice of Contest and Motion
for Partial Relief from Final Order, seeking to reopen certain uncontested
civil penalty assessments in which GCC had paid in full penalties proposed by
the Secretary of Labor. As the basis for its motion, GCC cites Rule 60(b),
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ("Rule 60(b)"), and principles of equity.

  GCC contends that the penalties in dispute were invalidly augmented on

the basis of the interim "excessive history" program set forth in the
Secretary's Program Policy Letter No. P90-III-4 (May 29, 1990)(the "PPL"),
which the Commission concluded in Drummond Co., 14 FMSHRC 661, 692 (May 1992),
and related cases, could be accorded no legal weight or effect. GCC seeks
refunds of those portions of paid penalties attributable to augmentations
under the PPL.

  This case is one of 19 special proceedings in which notices of contest

and motions for relief from final orders were filed by mine operators. All of
these cases raise identical issues. For the reasons fully set forth in Jim
Walter Resources, Inc., 15 FMSHRC 782 (May 1993) ("JWR"), we hold that the
Commission possesses jurisdiction to reopen final orders, including orders in
which uncontested penalties were paid, but conclude that GCC's request does
not meet the requisite criteria under Rule 60(b) or principles of equity for
the grant of such relief. Accordingly, we deny GCC's motion to reopen and we
dismiss this proceeding.

  In JWR, we held that a final order of the Commission may be reopened by

the Commission in appropriate circumstances pursuant to Rule 60(b). 15 FMSHRC
at 786-89. As explained in JWR, section 105(a) of the Mine Act, 30 U.S.C.
815(a), which provides, in part, that an uncontested proposed penalty "shall
be deemed a final order of the Commission and not subject to review by any
court or agency," does not bar the Commission from granting Rule 60(b)-type
relief in appropriate circumstances. 15 FMSHRC at 787-88.

  GCC has invoked Rule 60(b)(3), alleging misrepresentation by the

Secretary in the proposal of the penalties, and Rule 60(b)(6), asserting that
the requested relief would serve the ends of justice. Motions to reopen under
Rule 60(b) are committed to the sound discretion of the judicial tribunal in
which relief is sought. 15 FMSHRC at 789(citations omitted). For the reasons
set forth in JWR, we hold that Rule 60(b) relief is inappropriate in this
case. 15 FMSHRC at 789-91. In JWR, the Commission explained that, in a Rule
60(b)(3) motion, misrepresentation must be shown by clear and convincing
evidence. 15 FMSHRC at 789. The Commission determined that, because the
Secretary's notifications of the proposed penalties stated that the penalties
were augmented by the excessive history program, the operator failed to
establish misrepresentation by the Secretary. 15 FMSHRC at 789-90.

  The Commission also concluded that, although Rule 60(b)(6) provides for

relief for "any other reason justifying relief," it cannot be used to relieve
a party from the duty to take legal action to protect its interests. 15 FMSHRC
at 790. We held that, under the Mine Act, a mine operator is required to make
deliberate litigation choices and that failure to contest proposed penalties
is at the operator's peril. Id. Finally, the Commission concluded that the
operator was not entitled to equitable relief because the Commission is not a
court of general equity and the operator was less than vigilant in protecting
its rights. Id.

  Accordingly, for the reasons expressed in JWR, we conclude that GCC

failed to clearly and convincingly demonstrate justification for Rule 60(b)(3)
or (b)(6) relief or for general equitable relief.

  As in JWR, we urge the Secretary to evaluate further the legality and

feasibility of providing the refunds sought by GCC. See 15 FMSHRC at 791-92.

                                Arlene Holen, Chairman


                                Richard V. Backley, Commissioner


                                Joyce A. Doyle, Commissioner


                                L. Clair Nelson, Commissioner