Brown Brothers Sand Co.

Plain-English summary

Brown Brothers Sand Co., a small surface sand operator, was cited for an inoperable seat belt on a bulldozer and an unguarded coupling on a water-gun pump motor. Judge David F. Barbour found both violations established, but not serious, because the evidence showed limited exposure to the hazards. He affirmed both citations and ordered Brown Brothers to pay $20 for each, for a total of $40, after which the matter would be dismissed.

Decision snapshot

• Cited standards: 30 C.F.R. §§ 56.14130(i) and 56.14107(a)
• Outcome: Both citations were affirmed, with a $20 penalty assessed for each citation.
• Key point: A small operator remains responsible for maintaining seat belts and guarding moving machine parts, even when the judge finds the violations non-serious and exposure limited.

Full text (FMSHRC public release)

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           FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION

                  OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES
                         2 SKYLINE, 10th FLOOR
                          5203 LEESBURG PIKE
                     FALLS CHURCH, VIRGINIA 22041

SECRETARY OF LABOR, : CIVIL PENALTY PROCEEDING
MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH :
ADMINISTRATION (MSHA), : Docket No. SE 92-84-M
Petitioner : A.C. No. 09-00265-05514
v. :
: Junction City Mine
BROWN BROTHERS SAND CO., :
Respondent :

                               DECISION

Appearances: Michael K. Hagan, Esq., Office of the Solicitor,
U.S. Department of Labor, Atlanta, Georgia, for
Petitioner;
Mr. Carl Brown, Brown Brothers Sand Co., Howard,
Georgia, for Respondent.

Before: Judge Barbour

                         STATEMENT OF THE CASE

 This civil penalty proceeding was initiated by the Secretary

of Labor ("Secretary") against Brown Brothers Sand Company
("Brown Brothers") pursuant to Sections 105 and 110 of the
Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 ("the Mine Act"),
30 U.S.C. §§ 815 and 820. The issues are whether Brown Brothers
violated two mandatory safety standards for surface metal and
non-metal mines and, if so, the amount of the civil penalty to be
assessed for each violation. The case was heard in Macon,
Georgia.
STIPULATIONS

 At the commencement of the hearing the parties stipulated as

follows:

       1.       Brown Brothers is subject to the Act and
                to the Commission's jurisdiction.

       2.       Brown Brothers is a small operator
                employing nine to ten persons.

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3. The payment of the proposed
civil penalty assessments will not
adversely affect Brown Brother's
ability to continue in business.
(Footnote 1)

        4.    During the two year period prior to the
              date of the first alleged violation at
              issue, records of the Mine Safety and
              Health Administration ("MSHA") indicate
              that Brown Brothers has an history of
              five prior violations of the mandatory
              standards.

        5.    Brown Brothers exhibited good faith in
              abating both of the alleged violations
              in a timely fashion.

See Tr. 3-4.

                            DISCUSSION

Mine Act
Section Citation No. Date 30 C.F.R.
Section 104(a)(Footnote 2) 3601603 09/04/91
56.14130(i)

Citation No. 3601603 alleges that Brown Brothers failed to
adequately maintain a seat belt on a self-propelled mobile
equipment vehicle and that the violation was not a significant
and substantial contribution to a mine safety hazard. The
citation states in pertinent part:

        The seatbelt is broken on the John Deere
        . . . dozer.

Exh. P.2.

 The Secretary presented her case through the testimony of

MSHA Inspector Darrell Brennan. He confirmed that on
September 4, 1991, while conducting an inspection of Brown
Brothers sand operation, he examined a John Deere bulldozer.
Brennan testified that a bolt fastening the seat belt to the
frame of the bulldozer was broken, making the seat belt

1The Secretary proposed a civil penalty of $20 for each alleged violation.

2 30 U.S.C. § 814(a).

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inoperable. Tr. 20. Because Section 56.14130(i) requires that the seat belts
on such equipment be properly maintained, he issued the citation.(Footnote 3)
Id.

 Brennan stated that the bulldozer had been brought out of the pit and

was being used on level terrain. Therefore, he considered it unlikely that an
accident would occur and an injury would result because of the violation. Tr.
20-21. He also believed Brown Brothers was negligent in allowing the
violation to exist, but the degree of negligence was not high because mine
personnel had not reported the condition of the seat belt to mine management.
Id.

 Brown Brothers, through the statement of its representative Carl Brown,

pointed out a recent instance at the mine in which a bull dozer had overturned
and the bull dozer operator would have been severely injured, perhaps fatally,
had he been wearing a seat belt and been trapped in the equipment. Tr. 24-26.

                           CONCLUSIONS

 There is really no dispute about the existence of the violation. The

defecting bolt made the seat belt unusable.
Thus, the seat belt was not maintained in functional condition, and I so find.
I further conclude that Brown Brothers was negligent in failing to properly
maintain the seat belt. It is the operator's duty to ensure that equipment at
its mine is properly maintained. To effectively carry out that duty, an
operator must make certain equipment defects are promptly observed and
reported. Here, Brown Brothers failed to meet the mandated standard of care
required of an operator.

 I also conclude that the violation was not serious. As the inspector

rightly noted, the fact that the bull dozer was being operated on level ground
made the chance of an injury causing accident extremely unlikely, and there
was no testimony offered that the bull dozer was scheduled to be taken back to
the pit or to be used on more hazardous ground.(Footnote 4)

330 C.F.R. 56.14130(i) states:

4 However, I would be remiss if I did not comment on Brown Brothers' apparent
argument that use of a seatbelt can, in and of itself, be more hazardous than
non-use. Undoubtedly there are instances where such is the case, perhaps even
in the episode discussed by Mr. Brown, but common sense and experience
dictates that in the vast majority of instances properly maintained and used
seat belts save, not cost lives. Examples of equipment operators who were
maimed or crushed while not wearing seat

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 Seat belt maintenance. Seat belts shall be maintained in functional

condition, and replaced when necessary to assure proper performance.
CIVIL PENALTY

 The Secretary proposed a civil penalty of $20 (Tr. 18), which I find

appropriate in view of Brown Brother's negligence, the non-serious nature of
the particular violation, and Brown Brother's stipulated small history of
previous violations, its small size, its good faith abatement of the violation
and the lack of effect of the penalty on Brown Brother's ability to continue
in business.

Mine Act
Section Citation No. Date 30 C.F.R.
Section 104(a) 3601604 09/11/91 56.14107(a)

Citation No. 3601604 alleges that Brown Brothers failed to guard a coupling on
a water gun pump motor and that the violation was not a significant and
substantial contribution to a mine safety hazard. The citation states:

         The water gun pump motor drive coupling is not
         provided with a guard.

Exh. P-3

 Inspector Brennan again testified for the Secretary. He stated that

during the course of the September 11 inspection he observed that the coupling
connecting the drive shaft of the water gun pump to the water gun was not
guarded. Tr. 16. The pump provides the pressurized water that is "shot" from
the water gun in order to wash down sand during the mining process. The
inspector testified that the coupling was turning fast (at an estimated 1,800
RPM) and that miners could have been caught in the unguarded part. Tr. 10.
He believed that if a miner's clothing had become entangled in the coupling,
the miner could have been pulled into the rotating machinery and could have
endured lost workdays or restricted duty on account of injuries resulting from
the accident. Tr. 9, 13-14. In his opinion, the coupling was a moving
machine part that pursuant to Section 56.14107(a) should have been
guarded.(Footnote 5)

4(...continued)
belts or while wearing seat belts that failed through the lack of proper
maintenance were obviously too numerous for the Secretary to ignore when
promulgating regulations governing the use of self-propelled mobile equipment
at surface metal and non-metal mines, and the rare exception but proves the
rule.

530 C.F.R. 56.14107(a) states:

 Moving machine parts shall be guarded to protect persons from contacting

gears, sprockets, chains, drive, head, tail, and takeup pulleys, fly wheels,
couplings, shafts, fan blades, and similar moving machine parts that can cause
injury.

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The inspector also believed Brown Brothers was negligent in allowing the
violation to occur. The inspector stated he had been told by management
personnel that the rapidly rotating coupling had been guarded previously by a
protective "house" enclosing the pump motor and the coupling. However, when
Brown Brothers replaced the pump motor with a larger unit, the house was not
enlarged proportionally and the coupling was "pushed" outside the house. Id.

 Inspector Brennan stated that it was unlikely any miners would be

injured due to the violation because there was very little exposure of miners
to the pump motor. Tr. 9. He observed that the motor was located away from
where miners usually worked and that the only time a miner would have been in
its immediate vicinity was to start it up or to service it. Inspector Brennan
believed that one miner probably came once a day to service the pump, and Carl
Brown agreed this was correct. Tr. 18.

                           CONCLUSIONS

   The standard's requirements are clear. As Commission Administrative

Law Judge George Koutras has aptly stated, "The
. . . language found in [Section] 56.14107(a) specifically and unequivocally
requires guarding of any of the enumerated moving machine parts, as well as
any similar moving part that can cause injury if contacted. The obvious
intent of the standard is to prevent contact with a moving part." Highland
County Board of Commissioner, 14 FMSHRC 270, 291 (February 1992) (quoted with
approval Overland Sand & Gravel Co., 14 FMSHRC 1337, 1341 (August 1992)(ALJ
Barbour)). Here, there is no doubt but that the cited moving coupling was not
guarded, and I accept the inspector's testimony that a miner's clothing could
have become entangled in the turning part causing injury to the miner.
Therefore, I find that the violation existed as alleged.

 In addition, I agree with the inspector that there was very little

exposure of miners to the hazard posed by the violation and that this was not
a serious violation. I also agree with his opinion and I find that Brown
Brothers negligently failed to make sure that the coupling continued to be
guarded when it installed the new pump motor. I infer from the presence of
the previous guard that Brown Brothers was well aware of what the standard
required.

                          CIVIL PENALTY

 The Secretary proposed a $20 civil penalty, which I

find appropriate in view of Brown Brother's negligence, the
non-serious nature of the violation, Brown Brother's stipulated small history
of previous violations, its small size, its good faith abatement of the
violation and the lack of effect of the penalty on Brown Brother's ability to
continue in business.

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ORDER

 In light of the foregoing findings and conclusions, Brown Brother's is

ordered to pay a civil penalty of $20 for the violation of Section 56.
14130(i) cited in Citation
No. 3601603 and a civil penalty of $20 for the violation of Section
56.14107(a) cited in Citation No. 3610604. Brown Brothers shall pay the civil
penalties within thirty (30) days of the date of this Decision, and, upon
receipt of payment, this matter is DISMISSED.

                                David F. Barbour
                                Administrative Law Judge
                                (703) 756-5232

Distribution:

Michael Hagan, Esq., Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Department of Labor, 1371
Peachtree Street, N.E., Room 339, Atlanta, GA 30367 (Certified Mail)

Mr. Carl Brown, Brown Brothers Sand Company, P.O. Box 22,
Howard GA 31039 (Certified Mail)

/epy