Great Lakes Chemical Corp. Main Plant

Plain-English summary

Great Lakes Chemical Corporation operated a chemical facility in El Dorado, Arkansas, under a permit issued jointly by EPA Region VI and the State of Arkansas. Great Lakes challenged conditions involving land-disposal restrictions and corrective action, nearby residents challenged other permit conditions, and the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program raised a historic-properties objection. The Board treated Great Lakes' interpretation of one condition as binding and denied review of that moot issue. It denied review of the other challenges because they concerned state-issued permit conditions, and it denied the preservation petition as moot after the program certified that no historic properties were implicated.

Decision snapshot

• Cited authorities: 40 C.F.R. § 124.19; 42 U.S.C. §§ 6901-6992k and 6926.
• Outcome: All three petitions for review were denied, with some issues moot and the remaining challenges outside EPA's administrative review authority.
• Key point: The EAB reviews federal permit conditions, not conditions issued under an authorized state RCRA program.

Full text (EPA EAB public release)

GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL CORP. 395

IN RE GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL CORP.
MAIN PLANT

RCRA Appeal Nos. 92-34, 92-36, and 92-37

ORDER DENYING REVIEW

Decided July 7, 1994

syllabus

U.S. EPA Region VI and the State of Arkansas issued a permit under the 1976 Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amend-
ments (HSWA) to RCRA, 42 U.S.C. §§ 6901-6992k, to Great Lakes Chemical Corporation
(Great Lakes). Most of the permit conditions were issued by the State, which received
authority to administer most aspects of its RCRA and HSWA program from EPA in 1991. A few
permit conditions were issued under EPA's HSWA authority. Three petitions were filed
challenging the permit conditions. Great Lakes seeks to clarify one federally-imposed con-
dition related to land disposal restrictions, and raises substantive challenges to a corrective
action condition. Great Lakes also contends that only the State had authority to issue the
corrective action condition, ‘Tommy Gates, Janis Gates, and Patsy Gates raise substantive
challenges to certain State-issued portions of the permit. The Arkansas Historic Preservation
Program (AHPP) alleges that Region VI violated the National Historic Preservation Act in
issuing the permit

Held: The Board denies review of the petitions. The issue raised by Great Lakes
concerning the land disposal restriction condition is moot, because the Region represents
that it agrees with Great Lakes’ interpretation and the Board construes the Region's agree-
ment as binding. Review of the corrective action condition is denied, because both the
Region and Great Lakes agree that only the State had the authority to adopt corrective action
requirements, and the condition was in fact included under State, not federal, authority.
Therefore, the condition is not subject to administrative appeal within EPA. Review of the
Gates’ petition is also denied because the issues raised relate only to the State portion of the
permit. Finally, review of the petition of AHPP is denied as moot, because AHPP has now
certified that no historic properties are implicated by the permit issuance,

Before Environmental Appeals Judges Nancy B. Firestone,
Ronald L. McCallum, and Edward E. Reich.

Opinion of the Board by Judge Firestone:

I. BACKGROUND

We have consolidated for decision three petitions seeking review
of a permit issued to Great Lakes Chemical Corporation of El Dorado,

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396 ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS

Arkansas (Great Lakes) under the 1976 Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amend-
ments to RCRA, 42 U.S.C. §§ 6901-6992k. The permit was jointly issued
on October 14, 1992, by U.S. EPA Region VI under the authority of
HSWA, and by the Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecol-
ogy (ADPCE) pursuant to the Arkansas Hazardous Waste Management
Act, Arkansas Act 406, as amended (1979) (AHWMA). Petitions for
review were filed by Tommy Gates, Janis Gates, and Patsy Gates,
private citizens who reside near the permitted facility (RCRA Appeal
No. 92-34); Great Lakes, the permittee (RCRA Appeal No. 92-36); and
the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program (AHPP) (RCRA Appeal No.
92-37).

The petitions for review collectively raise a number of challenges
to the conditions imposed in the permit. As explained below, the
Board concludes that review must be denied with respect to the issues
raised by Great Lakes concerning permit condition XII(b).Q. and all of
the issues raised in the Gates’ petition, because those issues all relate
to conditions imposed by the State of Arkansas under the State's au-
thorized RCRA and HSWA program, and therefore the Board has no
basis upon which to exercise its power of review. The remaining issue
raised in Great Lakes’ petition is moot by virtue of the Region's acqui-
escence to Great Lakes’ interpretation of the challenged condition
Finally, the petition of the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program is
now moot by virtue of the AHPP’s post-petition review of material
furnished by the State and its conclusion that the permit will not affect
any historic places.

II. DISCUSSION

Under the rules governing this proceeding, a Region’s permit
decision will only be reviewed if it is based on a clearly erroneous
finding of fact or conclusion of law, or involves an important matter of
policy or exercise of discretion that warrants review. See 40 C.F.R.
§ 124.19; 45 Fed. Reg. 33,412 (May 19, 1980). The preamble to § 124.19
states that “this power of review should be only sparingly exercised,”
and that “most permit conditions should be finally determined at the
Regional level * * *.” /d. The burden of demonstrating that review is
warranted is on the Petitioner. See, e.g. In re Amoco Oil Company,
RCRA Appeal No. 92-21, at 4 (EAB, Nov. 23, 1993). Moreover, the
Board is empowered to review only permit conditions stemming from
a federal exercise of authority, and not the decisions of States exercis-
ing permitting authority under authorized State programs. In re LCP
Chemicals - New York, RCRA Appeal No. 92-25 (EAB, May 5, 1993)
(citing In re Vulcan Materials Co., RCRA Appeal No. 87-1, at 1-2 (Adm'r,

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GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL CORP. 397

Sept. 8, 1988) (issues relating to State-issued portion of permit are
subject to State, not federal, review)).

A. Petition of Great Lakes

The State of Arkansas received final authorization from U.S. EPA
to carry out the State’s Hazardous Waste Management Program in
November 1991. Arkansas; Final Authorization of State Hazardous
Waste Management Program Revisions; Review of Immediate Final
Rule, 56 Fed. Reg. 57,593 (Nov. 13, 1991). At that time, the Agency
authorized the State to become the permitting authority in lieu of EPA
with respect to virtually all RCRA and HSWA program requirements.
Arkansas; Final Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Manage-
‘ment Program Revisions; Immediate Final Rule, 56 Fed. Reg. 47,153,
47,157 (Sept. 18, 1991). The Agency retained permitting authority with
respect to a few HSWA provisions including certain land disposal re-
strictions. Id.

Great Lakes challenges only two conditions of its permit: condi-
tion II.M.5.d. relating to certain land disposal restrictions; and condi-
tion XII(b).Q., a corrective action provision that imposes certain air
monitoring and modeling requirements on Great Lakes. Great Lakes
seeks only a clarifying interpretation of condition II.M.5.d. However,
Great Lakes contends that the Region lacked authority to impose con-
dition XII(b).Q. because corrective action authority had been delegated
to Arkansas. Great Lakes also raises numerous substantive challenges
to condition XII(b).Q.

First, with respect to the land disposal restrictions, condition
II.M.5.d. of the permit requires Great Lakes to perform a waste analy-
sis following process changes. Great Lakes interprets the requirement
to apply only to process changes that are not otherwise covered by the
Waste Analysis Plan contained in condition LI. Petition for Review at

8. In its response, Region VI states that it agrees with Great Lakes’
   interpretation of the condition, The Board will construe the Region's
   agreement as a binding interpretation of condition II.M.5.d. In re Gen-
   eral Motors Corp., RCRA Consolidated Appeal Nos. 90-24, 90-25, at 12
   (EAB, Nov. 6, 1992) (Agency representation concerning interpretation
   of permit condition declared binding by Board); In re W.R. Grace &
   Co., RCRA Appeal No. 89-28, at 4 n.6 (Adm’r, Mar. 25, 1991) (same).
   Because there is no longer any dispute as to the meaning of the con-
   dition, the Board denies review on the grounds that the issue is moot.

Second, with respect to condition XII(b).Q. related to corrective
action, the Region concedes that Arkansas received authorization in

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1991 to impose corrective action conditions and exercise omnibus
authority, Therefore, the condition was imposed under State law and
is not part of the federal portion of Great Lakes’ permit. Region's
Response to Great Lakes’ Petition at 10, Great Lakes apparently as-
sumed the condition was part of the federal portion of the permit
because it was marked with an asterisk indicating that it was issued
under joint authority with EPA. The Region explains that the asterisk
was simply an error with respect to condition XII(b).Q. Id. Based on
the foregoing, it is undisputed by the parties, and the Board agrees,
that Arkansas is the only permitting authority with the power to im-
pose condition XII(b).Q. in Great Lakes’ permit. Therefore, condition
XII(b).Q. is subject only to State, not federal, review. See Vulcan
Materials Co., supra, at 1-2 (“[Mlatters relating exclusively to the state-
issued portion of the permit [are] not subject to an administrative ap-
peal within U.S. EPA.").! Accordingly, the Board denies Great Lakes’
petition for review of condition XII(b).Q.*

B. Petition of Tommy Gates, Janis Gates, and Patsy Gates

‘The Gates’ petition challenges a number of conditions in Great
Lakes’ permit, including conditions related to groundwater monitoring
and treatment; air monitoring; assessment of on and offsite contamina-
tion; underground injection of fluids; point source discharges; compli-
ance with a State-issued consent order; and reporting requirements.
Upon review of the petition, however, it is apparent that all of the
issues raised in the Gates’ petition concern permit conditions issued
by the State under its RCRA and HSWA authority. Neither of the con-
ditions that were, in fact, jointly issued by Arkansas and EPA (condi-
tions II.M.5. and XII(b).P.) are implicated in the Gates’ petition. Ac-
cordingly, for the same reasons explained above, the Gates’ challenges
are not properly before the Board, and the Board must deny review of
the petition.

C. Petition of Arkansas Historic Preservation Program

AHPP’s petition was premised on EPA’s and Arkansas’ alleged
failure to comply with § 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
by failing to take into account the effect of the proposed permit on

Because condition XII(b).Q, was issued under State authority, the Board has not considered
whether the permit condition is supported on substantive grounds.

2 The Region recognized that Great Lakes’ challenge to condition XII(b).Q. raised a threshold
issue concerning the reviewability of the petition, yet did not bring the issue to the Board's atten-
tion other than to refer to it in its response. We note for future matters that parties should raise
such threshold issues by way of an expedited motion to dismiss or deny the petition early in the
appeal, in order to allow for expeditious resolution where appropriate.

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GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL CORP. 399

properties included in or eligible to be listed with the National Register
of Historic Places. AHPP contends that EPA and Arkansas failed to
provide it with information necessary to determine whether any his-
toric places would be affected by the permit.

According to the Region’s response to the petition, which has not
been disputed, following the filing of the petition the State forwarded
to AHPP all information requested concerning the facility and sur-
rounding properties. AHPP then issued a clearance notice stamped at
the bottom of the State’s letter transmitting the additional information.
The clearance notice certifies that the permit “will have no effect on
significant cultural resources.” Exhibit A to Region’s Response to AHPP’s
Petition. It therefore appears that the concerns expressed in AHPP’s
petition have been rendered moot due to the State’s subsequent re-
sponse and AHPP’s determination that no cultural resources are af-
fected by the permit. Accordingly, AHPP’s petition is denied.

III. CONCLUSION

The petition for review of Great Lakes is denied because there is
no basis for review of condition XII(b).Q. and any dispute concerning
the meaning of condition II.M.5.d. has been rendered moot. The peti-
tion for review of Tommy Gates, Janis Gates, and Patsy Gates is denied
because there is no basis for review of the issues raised therein. The
petition of AHPP is denied because the issue raised therein has been
rendered moot

So ordered.

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