Pyramid Mining, Incorporated

Plain-English summary

Pyramid Mining assigned an employee to operate a modified bulldozer and conveyor, called a stacker, before his task training was complete. Judge Avram Weisberger found a violation of the training standard because the employee began operating the equipment before receiving all required instruction and supervised practice. The judge found that the violation was not significant and substantial, involved low gravity, and reflected slight negligence because the employee had extensive heavy-equipment experience and had received substantial instruction. He modified the order to reflect a non-S&S violation and assessed a $20 penalty.

Decision snapshot

• Cited standard: 30 C.F.R. § 48.27
• Outcome: The violation was affirmed but modified to non-S&S, with a $20 civil penalty.
• Key point: Substantial but incomplete task training established a violation, while the employee's prior experience and the training already provided defeated the Secretary's S&S showing.

Full text (FMSHRC public release)

FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION

             OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES
                    2 SKYLINE, 10th FLOOR
                     5203 LEESBURG PIKE
                FALLS CHURCH, VIRGINIA 22041

SECRETARY OF LABOR, : CIVIL PENALTY PROCEEDINGS
MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH :
ADMINISTRATION (MSHA), : Docket No. KENT 92-543
Petitioner : A. C. No. 15-11620-03531
v. : Hall No. 2 Mine
PYRAMID MINING, INCORPORATED, :
Respondent :

                          DECISION

Appearances: Darren L. Courtney, Esq., U.S. Department of
Labor, Office of the Solicitor, 2002 Richard Jones
Road, Nashville, Tennessee, for Petitioner;
Frank Stainback, Esq., Holbrook, Wible, Sullivan,
& Mountjoy, P.S.C., Owensboro, Kentucky for
Respondent.

Before: Judge Weisberger

                    Statement of the Case

 At issue in this civil penalty proceeding is whether the

operator (Respondent) violated 30 C.F.R. § 48.27(a) as alleged by
MSHA inspector Darrel N. Gamblin in an order he issued under
section 104(g)(1) of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of
1977 ("the Act")(Footnote 1). Pursuant to notice, a hearing in
this matter

1In the 104(g)(1) Order (Order No. 3416888, Government Exhibit
No. 1, Page 1), Gambling referred to a Citation issued the same
date alleging a violation of 30 C.F.R. § 48.27. Subsequently, on
December 23, 1991, the order was amended to delete this reference
and in its place, an addition to the order was made indicating a
violation of 30 C.F.R. § 48.7. At the hearing in this matter on
December 8, 1992, Petitioner served the Respondent with a written
modification of the original 104(g)(1) order amending it to
indicate a violation of 30 C.F.R. § 48.27, rather than 30 C.F.R.
§ 48.7. Respondent's counsel accepted service, but argued tha
this modification "comes to late". However, Respondent's counsel
indicated, in essence, that he was not alleging prejudice if this
modification were to be allowed. He also stated that he was not
surprised by the amendment. Also, at the hearing, evidence
presented by both parties pertained to the issue of a violation
under Section 48.27 supra rather than Section 48.7 supra.

was held in Evansville, Indiana, on December 8, 1992.
Darryl N. Gamblin testified for Petitioner and Ricky Stone,
Curtis J. Bryant and Mike Hollis testified for Respondent. On
February 17, 1993, Respondent's brief was received. Petitioner's
Proposed Findings of Fact and Post Hearing Brief was received on
February 22, 1993. Respondent's Reply Brief was received
February 25, 1993. On February 29, 1993, Petitioner's Reply
Brief was received.

             Findings of Fact and Discussion

                           I.

 The auger mining site at issue is operated by Westlo, Inc.,

("Westlo") under contract with Respondent. On May 29, 1993, at
7:00 a.m., Respondent instructed one of its employees, Ricky
Stone, to go and work at the subject site. Stone arrived at the
site at approximate 7:10 a.m. He was assigned to operate a
bulldozer that had been modified with a conveyor ("stacker").
Prior to that time, Stone had never operated a stacker although
he had 12 years experience operating heavy equipment including
bulldozers.

 Gamblin asked Stone if he had received any type of training,

and Stone indicated that he had not. Gamblin also asked Curtis
J. Bryant, the Westlo on-site supervisor, about training. Bryant
told him that he was showing Stone around. According to Gamblin,
Bryant did not indicate that Stone was being task trained. There
was no record of Stone having been task trained for this piece of
equipment, and Stone did not have any certificate regarding task
training.

 Gamblin issued an order requiring the withdrawal of Stone

pursuant to Section 104(g)(1) of the Act on the ground that he
had not received task training. Gamblin explained that the prime
hazard of operating a stacker is getting caught between the
conveyor system and the rollers.

 Gamblin indicated that subsequent to the issuance of the

order, he discussed the order with Charles Kennedy, Respondent's
mine superintendent, and the latter did not indicate that Stone
was task trained. Also, Gamblin spoke to Mike Hollis,
Respondent's safety director, over the telephone regarding the
order. According to Gamblin, Hollis, did not indicate that Stone
was task trained, but indicated that he had been trained on a
bulldozer.

 Stone testified that before he operated the stacker at

issue, Curtis J. Bryant, the Westlo supervisor on the site,

showed him how to operate the stacker. He said that Bryant
showed how to "kick" the conveyor in and out of gear, how to move
it, and how back it under the auger. He said that Bryant spent
about one hour providing the training.

 According to Stone, when Gamblin asked him if he had task

training, he did not know what Gamblin was talking about, and
said "what is task training" (Tr. 71). Stone indicated that
Gamblin did not respond, but started to write the citation.

 Bryant testified that when Stone arrived on May 29, 1991,

the first day of operations, he took him to the stacker, and
explained the function of each lever on the equipment. Bryant
said that he showed Stone how to hook the stacker to the
conveyor, and Stone then did this procedure 2 or 3 times while
Bryant stood there to see that Stone was operating the stacker
properly. According to Bryant, he then spent about an hour
working with Stone showing him the operation of the stacker.
Bryant remained approximately 30 to 40 feet away when Stone
operated the equipment. Bryant explained that when Gamblin
issued the 104(g) withdrawal order on May 29, 1991, he had not
yet filled out the paper work on Stone's training, and that he
still had to train Stone on some additional matters. Bryant
explained that he still had to train Stone in further operations
such as aligning the "tail piece of the stacker underneath your
conveyor on your the auger correctly". (Tr. 103) [sic]. He also
had to train Stone to direct the alignment of coal trucks under
the stacker.

 According to Stone, on June 4, 1991, he returned to the

premises and, in front of Gamblin, Bryant showed him the same
things that he had shown him before on May 29. He said this
training lasted about 3 to 5 minutes, and the order was then
abated. He then received a certificate.

 The Commission, in Southern Ohio Coal Co., 14 FMSHRC 1781,

1785, (November 23, 1992) set forth the following with regard to
the burden of proof regarding the violation of a safety standard
as follows: "The Mine Act imposes on the Secretary the burden of
proving a violation of a safety standard. See Garden Creek
Pocahontas Company, 11 FMSHRC 2148, 2152 (November 1989);
Consolidation Coal Company, 11 FMSHRC 966, 973 (June 1989)."
Hence, in order for the challenged 104(g)(1) order to be
sustained, the Secretary must establish, a violation by
Respondent of 30 C.F.R. § 48.27 supra which, in essence, requires
the following task training:
a. Instruction in the health and safety aspects and
safe operating procedures related to stacker operation
given in an on the job environment (30 C.F.R.
48.27(a)(1)); and
b. Supervised practice during non-production (30
C.F.R. § 48.27(a)(2)(i)); or

   c. Supervised operation during production (30 C.F.R.
   § 48.27(a)(2)(ii)).

 It is incumbent upon the Secretary to establish that Stone

did not receive such training. There is no record of Stone
having received such training. Stone was not given a certificate
certifying that he had received such training, and neither Bryant
nor Stone indicated to Gamblin that Stone had received "task
training". However, I observed the demeanor of Stone and Bryant,
and found their testimony credible that Bryant had in fact, prior
to Gamblin's arrival, provided Stone with approximately an hour
of instruction and supervision regarding the operation of the
stacker. (c.f., L.J's Corporation, 14 FMSHRC 1278 (1992)).
However, the training was not complete, as Bryant still had to
train Stone to line up the stacker and the auger, and to direct
the alignment of coal trucks under the stacker. Nonetheless,
Stone operated the stacker until the transmission "hung" between
two gears and it became inoperative. (Tr.69) Section 48.27
supra provides, in this connection, that a miner shall not
perform new work tasks until training "has been completed."
Since Stone operated the stacker before training was completed,
Section 48.27 supra was violated by Respondent. (Footnote 2)

 Gamblin, in his order, indicated that the violation herein

was significant and substantial. However, no testimony was
offered in support of this conclusion. In Mathies Coal Co.,
6 FMSHRC 1 (January 1984), The Commission set forth the elements
of a "significant and substantial" violation as follows:

      In order to establish that a violation of a
 mandatory safety standard is significant and
 substantial under National Gypsum the Secretary of
 Labor must prove: (l) the underlying violation of a
 mandatory safety standard; (2) a discrete safety
 hazard--that is, a measure of danger to safety--
 contributed to by the violation; (3) a reasonable
 likelihood that the hazard contributed to will result
 in an injury; and, (4) a reasonable likelihood that
 the injury in question will be of a reasonable serious
 nature. (6 FMSHRC, supra, at 3-4.)

2I do not find that Respondent was still in the process of
training Stone when cited. Once Stone began to operate the
loader after the one hour instruction, there is no evidence that
Bryant provided any further instruction. Bryant remained in the
area, and had told Stone that "if he had was having any problems
or did not understand anything just holler at me" (Tr. 91).
However, there is no evidence that Bryant took any action to
actively direct or observe Stone operating the stacker.

 In United States Steel Mining Company, Inc., 7 FMSHRC 1125,

1129 (August 1985), the Commission stated further as follows:

   We have explained further that the third element of the
   Mathies formula "requires that the Secretary establish a
   reasonable likelihood that the hazard contributed to
   will result in an event in which there is an injury".
   U.S. Steel Mining Co., 6 FMSHRC 1834, 1336
   (August 1984).

 Although injuries can result from lack of training in

operating a stacker, the record is devoid of any proof that there
was a reasonable likelihood of the occurrence of an injury of a
reasonably serious nature that was contributed to as a result of
the violation herein. (See, Mathies Coal Co., 6 FMSHRC 1, 3-4
(January 1984). To the contrary, the record indicates that Stone
had 12 years experience operating heavy equipment including
bulldozers. Also, I find the testimony of Bryant and Stone
credible regarding the extent of training provided to Stone. I
also accept their testimony, based on observations of their
demeanor, that on June 4, approximately five minutes of training
was provided to Stone which was accepted by Gamblin in abating
the order at issue. They also indicated that this training did
not include anything in addition to the training previously given
on May 29, when cited. I thus find that Respondent was in
substantial compliance with Section 48.27 supra when cited. For
all these reasons I conclude that the violation was not
significant and substantial. For the same reasons I conclude
that the violation was of a low level of gravity, and that
Respondent was negligent to only a slight degree in connection
with the violation. Considering all remaining factors set forth
in Section 110(i) of the Act, I find that a penalty of $20 is
appropriate for the violation found herein.

                            ORDER

 It is ORDERED that Order No. 341688 he amended to indicate a

violation this is not significant and substantial. It is further
ORDERED that Respondent pay $20 within 30 days, as a civil
penalty for the violation found herein.

                               Avram Weisberger
                               Administrative Law Judge

Distribution:

Darren L. Courtney, Esq., Office of the Solicitor, U.S.
Department of Labor, 2002 Richard Jones Road, Suite B-201,
Nashville, TN 37215 (Certified Mail)

Frank Stainback, Esq., Holbrook, Wible, Sullivan, & Mountjoy,
P.S.C., 100 St. Ann Street, P.O. Box 727, Owensboro, KY 42302-
0727 (Certified Mail)

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