Maggard v. Chaney Creek Coal Company

Plain-English summary

Odell Maggard brought discrimination complaints after Chaney Creek Coal discharged him for refusing work he believed was hazardous. An administrative law judge found illegal discrimination and awarded reinstatement, back pay, interest, and attorney fees. On remand from the D.C. Circuit, the Commission reinstated the judge's $16,456.22 attorney-fee award and rejected the operators' challenge to fees for communications with the Secretary's counsel and related litigation. It remanded the interest issue to the judge for further findings and calculation under the Commission's applicable interest formulas.

Decision snapshot

• Governing provisions: 30 U.S.C. §§ 815(c)(1)-(3), 823(d), and 823(d)(2)(B)
• Outcome: The attorney-fee award was reinstated, and the interest calculation on back pay was remanded to the judge.
• Key point: On this remand, the Commission upheld the fee award while sending the unresolved interest calculation back for further findings.

Full text (FMSHRC public release)

CCASE:
ODELL MAGGARD V. CHANEY CREEK COAL,
AND ODELL MAGGARD (MSHA) V. DOLLAR BRANCH,
& CHANEY CREEK COAL
DDATE:
19900327
TTEXT:

           FEDERAL MINE SAFETY & HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION
                          WASHINGTON, D.C.
                             March 27, 190

ODELL MAGGARD

v. Docket No. KENT 86-1-D

CHANEY CREEK COAL COMPANY

and

SECRETARY OF LABOR,
MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION (MSHA)
on behalf of ODELL MAGGARD

v. Docket No. KENT 86-51-D

DOLLAR BRANCH COAL CORPORATION
and CHANEY CREEK COAL COMPANY

BEFORE: Ford, Chairman; Backley, Doyle, Lastowka and Nelson,
Commissioners

              DECISION

BY: Ford, Chairman; Backley and Lastowka, Commissioners

This consolidated proceeding involves two discrimination complaints

filed on behalf of Odell Maggard under the Federal Mine Safety and Health
Act of 1977, 30 U.S.C. $ 801 et seq. (1982)(the "Mine Act"), and is on
remand to us from an opinion of the United States Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit affirming in part and reversing in part our
prior decision in this matter. Chaney Creek Coal Corp. v. FMSHRC, etc.,
866 F.2d 1424 (1989), rev'g in part, aff'g in part, Odell Maggard v. Chaney

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Creek Coal Co., etc., 9 FMSHRC 1314 (August 1987). Both discrimination
complaints allege that Mr. Maggard was illegally discharged in violation of
section 105(c)(1) of the Mine Act, 30 U.S.C. 815(c)(1), and both are based
on the same circumstances. The first complaint (Docket No. KENT 86-1-D)
was brought by Maggard on his own behalf against Chaney Creek Coal Company
("Chaney Creek") pursuant to section 105(c)(3) of the Act, 30 U.S.C.
$ 815(c)(3) (n. 1 infra). The second complaint (No. KENT 86-51.D) was
brought by the

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Secretary of Labor on Maggard's behalf against Chaney Creek and Dollar
Branch Coal Corporation ("Dollar Branch") pursuant to section 105(c)(2)
of the Act, 30 U.S.C. $ 815(c)(2). 1/ The complaints allege that Chaney

1/ Section 105(c)(1) of the Act, 30 U.S.C. $ 815(c)(1), prohibits various
forms of discrimination against miners. Section 105(c)(2) of the Act
provides in relevant part:

            Any miner ... who believes that he has
  been discharged, interfered with, or otherwise
  discriminated against by any person in violation
  of [section 105(c)] may, within 60 days after
  such violation occurs, file a complaint with the
  Secretary alleging such discrimination. If upon
  such investigation, the Secretary determines that
  the provisions of [section 105(c)] have been violated,
  he shall immediately file a complaint with the
  Commission, with service upon the alleged violator and
  the miner, applicant for employment, or representative
  of miners alleging such discrimination or interference
  and propose an order granting appropriate relief. The
  Commission shall afford an opportunity for a hearing
  and thereafter shall issue an order, based upon
  findings of fact, affirming, modifying, or vacating
  the Secretary's proposed order, or directing other
  appropriate relief. Such order shall become final
  30 days after its issuance. The Commission shall
  have authority in such proceedings to require a person
  committing a violation of this subsection to take
  such affirmative action to abate the violation as the
  Commission deems appropriate, including, but not
  limited to, the rehiring or reinstatement of the miner
  to his former position with back pay and interest.
  The complaining miner, applicant, or representative of
  miners may present additional evidence on his own
  behalf during any hearing held pursuant to [t]his
  paragraph.

30 U.S.C. $ 815(c)(2).

Section 105(c)(3) states in relevant part:

            Within 90 days of the receipt of a complaint
  filed under [section 105(c)(2)], the Secretary shall
  notify, in writing, the miner ... of his determination

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whether a violation has occurred. If the Secretary,
upon investigation, determines that the provisions of
[section 105(c)] have not been violated, the
complainant shall have the right, within 30 days of
notice of the Secretary's determination, to file an
action in his own behalf before the Commission,
charging discrimination or

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Creek and Dollar Branch (collectively, "operators") unlawfully discharged
Maggard because he refused to perform certain work that he believed to be
hazardous. In a decision on the merits and in a supplemental decision
regarding remedies, Commission Administrative Law Judge Gary Melick upheld
the complaints, ordered Maggard reinstated with back pay, interest and
attorney's fees, denied the Secretary's motion to dismiss Maggard's section
105(c)(3) complaint on jurisdictional grounds, and assessed civil penalties
against the operators. 8 FMSHRC 806 (May 1986)(ALJ); 8 FMSHRC 966 (June
1986)(ALJ).

 The Commission granted the operators' petition for review of the

judge's decision. The Commission affirmed the judge's conclusion of
illegal discrimination. 9 FMSHRC at 1320 Further on the basis of the
Commission's decision in John A. Gilbert v. Sandy Fork Mining Co., Inc.,
9 FMSHRC 1327 (August 1987), aff'd in part, rev'd in part, Gilbert v.
FMSHRC, etc., 866 F.2d 1433 (D.C. Cir. 1989), and the opinion of the
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in Eastern Assoc.
Coal Corp. v. FMSHRC, 813 F.2d 639 (1987), a majority of the Commission
(Commissioners Doyle and Nelson dissented) dismissed Maggard's section
105(c)(3) discrimination complaint and vacated the judge's award of
attorney's fees. 9 FMSHRC at 1322-23.

                I.

 Both Maggard and Chaney Creek appealed the Commission's decision to

the D.C. Circuit. The Court affirmed the Commission's conclusions that
Chaney Creek had unlawfully discriminated against Maggard in violation of
section 105(c)(1) of the Act. 866 F.2d at 1431-32. However, the Court
reversed the Commission's dismissal of Maggard's individual complaint.
866 F.2d at 1429-30. The Court noted that no party had challenged before
the Commission the judge's denial of the

interference in violation of [section 105(c)]. The Commission shall afford
an opportunity for a hearing ... and thereafter shall issue an order, based
upon findings of fact, dismissing or sustaining the complainant's charges
and, if the charges are sustained, granting such relief as it deems
appropriate, including, but not limited to, an order requiring the rehiring
or reinstatement of the miner to his former position with back pay and
interest or such remedy as may be appropriate. Such order shall become
final 30 days after its issuance. Whenever an order is issued sustaining
the complainant's charges under [section 105(c)], a sum equal to the
aggregate amount of all costs and expenses (including attorney's fees) as
determined by the Commission to have been reasonably incurred by the miner
... for, or in connection with, the institution and prosecution of such
proceedings shall be assessed against the person committing such

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violation....

30 U.S.C. $ 815(c)(3).

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Secretary's motion to dismiss Maggard's section 105(c)(3) complaint and
that the Commission had not directed review of the issue sua sponte
pursuant to section 113(d)(2)(B), 30 U.S.C. $ 823(d)(2)(B). Accordingly,
the Court concluded that the matter was not before the Commission for
review within the meaning of section 113(d) of the Mine Act, 30 U.S.C.
$ 823(d), and that the Commission therefore exceeded its authority in
dismissing Maggard's individual complaint. 866 F.2d at 1429-30.

The Court also reversed the Commission's vacation of the judge's

award of attorney's fees to Maggard. The Court held that because Maggard,
without successful challenge, had prosecuted his own action before the
Commission under section 105(c)(3) of the Act, Maggard "properly was an
individual complaining party ... entitled to attorney's fees once he
prevailed on the merits." 866 F.2d at 1430. In this regard, the Court
stated:

            There remains a question ... noted by
  Commissioners Doyle and Nelson in dissent ... as to
  whether the fees awarded to Maggard by the ALJ were
  reasonable, in light of the employer's claim that some
  of the private counsel's work unnecessarily duplicated
  work that was being done by counsel for the Secretary.
  The Commission did not consider this question because
  it dismissed Maggard's individual complaint. We thus
  remand to the Commission for its consideration of any
  issues that may exist regarding the amount of
  attorney's fees that are reasonably due to Maggard.

866 F.2d at 1430 (emphasis in original).

Finally, the Court noted Maggard's argument on appeal that the

operators owed interest in addition to that awarded by the judge, and the
Court instructed the Commission to resolve "whether the amount of interest
calculated to be paid Maggard was correct" under the legal formula set
forth by the Commission in Secretary of Labor on behalf of Bailey v.
Arkansas-Carbona Co., 5 FMSHRC 2042 (December 1983). 866 F.2d at 1432-33.

For the reasons set forth below, we reinstate the judge's award of

attorney's fees and remand for further proceedings with respect to the
matter of interest on back pay.

                 II.

A. Attorney's Fees.

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The administrative law judge awarded Maggard attorney's fees of

$ 16,456.22. 8 FMSHRC at 967-69. As noted, the Court reversed the
Commission's conclusion that attorney's fees are not awardable in this
case and remanded for consideration of "any issues that may exist regarding
the amount of the attorney's fees that are reasonably due to Maggard."
866 F.2d at 1430 (emphasis in original). Although the Court

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characterized the operator's objection to the attorney's fee award as a
claim that Maggard's private counsel s work partially duplicated work done
by counsel for the Secretary, the operator's argument actually is somewhat
broader. In addition to arguing that Maggard's private attorney's work
was unnecessary and duplicative once the Secretary filed a complaint on
Maggard's behalf, the operator also argued that, if fees are awardable,
time spent by Maggard's private counsel in communicating with the
Secretary's attorney and in opposing the Secretary's motion to dismiss
Maggard's individual complaint should not be included in the fees assessed
against the operator. Petition for Discretionary Review at 19-23; Reply
Brief at 14-15. Also see 9 FMSHRC at 1325 (Commissioners Doyle and Nelson
dissenting), cited at 866 F.2d at 1430.

The administrative law judge specifically addressed and rejected

the operator's arguments. He rejected the argument that private
representation was unnecessary once the Secretary's complaint was filed,
finding that Maggard's section 105(c)(1) complaint was "independent" of
the Secretary's. 8 FMSHRC at 967. (The Court agreed with the judge,
finding that "Maggard['s] ... own action [was] independent of that brought
by the Secretary" and that "Maggard was properly an individual complaining
party before the Commission ... entitled to seek attorney's fees."
866 F.2d at 1430). As to the operator's further arguments the judge found
that "[c]onsultation with the Secretary's counsel and the litigation of
issues surrounding the Secretary's motion to dismiss are not unforeseeable
consequences of a discriminatory action under the Act." 8 FMSHRC at 968.

An "attorney's fee award is a matter that lies within the sound

discretion of the trial judge." Secretary on behalf of Ribel v. Eastern
Assoc. Coal Corp., 7 FMSHRC 2015, 2027 (December 1985), rev'd in part on
other grounds, 813 F.2d 639 (4th Cir. 1987). Here, the authorities relied
upon by the judge support his determination that Maggard's private
counsel's communications with the Secretary's counsel and Maggard's
opposition to the Secretary's motion to dismiss his private complaint,
can appropriately be included in a fee award against the operator.
Donnell v. United States. 682 F.2d 240 (D.C. Cir. 1982), cert. denied.
459 U.S. 1204 (1982); 2 Derfner Court Awarded Attorney Fees Par. 16.02
at 16-14 n.25.1 (1989). Although our dissenting colleagues cite authority
arguably supporting a contrary conclusion, we cannot say that under the
remedial make-whole provisions of section 105(c) of the Mine Act the
judge abused his discretion in determining that the expenses objected to
were "reasonably incurred" and were not "unforeseeable consequences of a
discriminatory action under the Act." 8 FMSHRC at 967, 968. Moreover,
the litigation giving rise to the instant attorney fee award is traceable
back to and occasioned by the underlying violative actions taken by Chaney
Creek Coal against Maggard. See Natural Resources Defense Council v.

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 703 F.2d 700, 713 (3rd Cir. 1983).

Accordingly, the operator's challenge to the fee award is rejected
and the judge's award is reinstated.

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B. Interest on back pay.

The remaining interest issue arises as a result of developments

after the issuance of our prior decision, while this matter was pending
on appeal in the Court. The judge had awarded Maggard back pay and
interest thereon in the amount of $33,660.19. 8 FMSHRC at 966-67. The
award reflected the parties' stipulation that Maggard was entitled to
back pay through June 1, 1986, of $31,812, and interest of $1,848.19
on the back pay to that date, computed according to the formula in
Arkansas-Carbona, supra. The Commission affirmed this award. 9 FMSHRC
at 1323. Following issuance of our decision, the operators did not pay
Maggard the backpay and interest found to be due. The Secretary petitioned
the court on Maggard's behalf for a court order requiring the operators to
either pay Maggard the amount owed or place the money in an
interest-bearing escrow account. The operators responded that they would
place the award in an escrow account. Maggard's private counsel then moved
the Court to order the operators instead to pay Maggard the amount owed
plus additional interest. The operators advised the Court that they had
placed $35,523.37 in an escrow account and stated to the Court that the
money "represents the full amount due to Odell Maggard, pursuant to the
decision of the Commission." Notice at 1 (February 18, 1988). 2/ In turn,
Maggard responded that the amount mentioned by the operators represented
backpay plus interest only through June 1, 1986, and did not include
interest subsequent to that date. Maggard asserted to the Court that the
operators owed an additional $4,663.50 in interest, for a total award of
$40,186.87. Maggard's Response to Operators' Notice at 2 (March 21, 1988).

On April 19, 1988, in response to these various claims, the Court

issued an order directing the operators to pay Maggard the backpay awarded
by the Commission with "reasonable interest to be agreed upon by the
parties." Order at 1. Maggard subsequently moved the Court to modify the
order to require the operators to pay interest pursuant to the formula in
Arkansas-Carbona. The operators then paid Maggard $35,940.03, the amount
deposited in the escrow account plus the interest that had accrued thereon.
However, Maggard advised the Court that the operators owed an additional
$4,246.84 in interest, the difference between the total amount of interest
accruing after June 2, 1986, and the amount paid by the operators. Maggard
Motion for Modification 2-6 (May 10, 1988). As noted, the Court ultimately
remanded the interest question to the Commission to determine the proper
amount of interest due. 866 F.2d at 1432-33.

In Arkansas-Carbona, noting that section 105(c)(3) of the Mine Act

expressly includes interest on back pay as a form of relief that can be
granted a discriminatee, the Commission approved the award of interest on
back pay in appropriate cases. 5 FMSHRC at 2049. The Commission adopted

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as an appropriate rate of interest the "adjusted prime rate,"

2/ That amount of back pay and interest is larger than the amount awarded
by the judge because the judge computed both wages and interest through
June 1, 1986, and Maggard was not actually reinstated until June 20, 1986.

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then announced semi-annually by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") under
the then applicable version of 26 U.S.C. $ 6621, and also adopted the
"quarterly method" of calculating the amount of interest due. 5 FMSHRC
at 2050-54.

Following enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99-514,

100 Stat. 2085 (1986), we reexamined the subject of an appropriate interest
rate and adopted the "short term Federal rate" as the interest rate to be
applied on both compensation awards under 30 U.S.C. $ 821 and on back pay
awards in discrimination cases. Loc. U. 2274, Dist. 28, UMWA v.
Clinchfield Coal Co., 10 FMSHRC 1493, 1504 (November 1988), pet. for review
filed, No. 88-1873 (D.C. Cir. December 16, 1988). We further announced
that the short term Federal rate would become effective January 1, 1987,
replacing for periods commencing after December 31, 1986, use of the
adjusted prime rate approved in Arkansas-Carbona. 10 FMSHRC at 1504-06.
In computing the short term Federal rate, we retained the quarterly method
explained in Arkansas-Carbona (5 FMSHRC at 2050-54). 10 FMSHRC at 1506.
We also indicated that the Clinchfield formula would apply to all cases in
which decisions were issued after the date of the Clinchfield opinion.
10 FMSHRC at 1505. See 54 Fed. Reg. 2226 (January 19, 1989).

As is clear, the parties dispute the proper amount of interest due

on the back pay award. Because they have been unable to resolve this
problem through stipulation, we must remand the matter to the judge,
pursuant to the Court's remand, for any necessary further findings and, if
he determines that Maggard is due additional interest, for calculation of
the amount of the additional interest due in accordance with the applicable
principles of Arkansas-Carbona and Clinchfield and the formula set forth at
54 Fed. Reg. 2226, supra.

                 III.

For the foregoing reasons, the judge's award of attorney's fees to
Maggard is reinstated. We also remand to the judge for necessary findings
and calculations regarding the interest due on the back pay award.

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Commissioners Doyle and Nelson, concurring in part and dissenting in part:

We join in the majority's decision to remand this case to the
administrative law judge for a determination of the interest due on
Mr. Maggard's back pay award. We respectfully dissent, however, from
the majority's determination that the attorneys' fees awarded by the
judge were reasonable and appropriate in their entirety.

In his petition for review, the operator contends that attorneys'
fees should be reduced on the grounds that a significant amount of the
time spent by Mr. Maggard's private attorney was spent on litigating
issues surrounding the Secretary of Labor's Motion to Dismiss Mr. Maggard's
section 105(c)(3) action, was unrelated to the anti- discrimination
purposes of the Act, and did not pertain to any activities of the
operators. Petition for Discretionary Review at 21, 23 & n. 8. We agree
that Mr. Maggard is not legally entitled to recover from the operator for
time spent by his attorney on collateral issues, i.e., for time spent by
the claimant's attorney in defending against the Secretary's Motion to
Dismiss. 1/

Some months after Maggard's attorney instituted the private action,

the Secretary instituted her section 105(c)(2) action and moved to dismiss
the 105(c)(3) action. The operator did not join in or oppose that motion.
The judge found against the Secretary and allowed the 105(c)(3) action to
continue. The Secretary petitioned for review of the judge's denial of her
Motion to Dismiss and a majority of the Commission overruled the judge,
found for the Secretary, and dismissed Maggard's 105(c)(3) action. On
appeal to the D.C. Court of Appeals, Maggard contested only the retroactive
application of the Commission's new Rule 40(b). The Secretary effectively
conceded that retroactive application was not appropriate and asserted that
she was primarily concerned about the prospective application of Rule
40(b). The operator was, for the most part, a silent observer of these
machinations. The majority is of the opinion that the operator should pay
for his ringside seat. We disagree.

1/ In our earlier dissent, we stated that we would affirm the award of
attorneys' fees to the extent that they were incurred in instituting
and prosecuting Mr. Maggard's discrimination claim but would disallow
such fees to the extent that they were incurred in relation to the
jurisdictional issue or coordinating the prosecution of the two cases.
While the D.C. Circuit made reference to the issue we had raised, the
court characterized it and the operator's argument as a challenge
pertaining to duplication of work rather than one pertaining to collateral
issues. 866 F.2d 1424, 1430 (D.C. Cir. 1989). In any event, the court's
remand requires us to consider the amount of the attorneys' fees that are

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reasonably due to Maggard (Id at 1430) and "to resolve any disputes
remaining over the reasonableness of attorneys' fees due to Maggard."
Id. at 1433. (emphasis added).

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We are of the opinion that the majority's reliance on Ribel v.
Eastern Assoc. Coal Corp. 7 FMSHRC 2015 (December 1985). to the effect
that the attorneys fee award is within the sound discretion of the trial
judge (slip op. at 5) is misplaced. In fact, Ribel was reversed on the
grounds that there was no legal basis for the award of attorneys' fees
made by the judge. Eastern Assoc. Coal Corp. v. FMSHRC 813 F.2d 639, 644
(4th Cir. 1987).

Similarly, its reliance on Donnell v. United States, 682 F.2d 240

(D.C. Cir. 1982) is misplaced. Donnell involved a claim for attorneys'
fees by defendant intervenors and the court held that "intervenors may
be denied fees where their participation was unnecessary in light of the
efforts of the prevailing governmental litigant". Id. at 246-7, n. 12.
The case was remanded for consideration of that issue and of the
appellants' specific challenges to time charges, including the challenge to
duplicative efforts. Id at 250. The administrative law judge properly
distinguished Donnell from this case because Mr. Maggard was not an
intervenor but rather had an "independent" action. 8 FMSHRC at 967. 2/

Liability for attorneys' fees is limited to those matters litigated

between Maggard and the mine operator. Fees generated by the litigation
between the Secretary and Maggard over jurisdiction under section 105(c),
a separate legal issue warranting entirely different relief, are not
appropriately assessed against the operator. See Smith v. Robinson,
468 U.S. 992, 10!5 (1984). In United Nuclear Corp. v. Cannon, 564 F. Supp.
581 (D.R.I. 1983), the court denied fees for time spent by the plaintiff in
battling a collateral issue, beyond the defendant's control. "The decision
to battle against it was essentially a tactical judgment on plaintiff's
part for its own ends" (Id. at 585), much like Maggard's decision to oppose
the Secretary's Motion to Dismiss here. (emphasis added.) In Taylor v.
Sterrett, 640 F.2d 663 (5th Cir. 1981), the court found that time spent on
a collateral issue should be excluded because "[a]ppellee's opposition to
intervention was irrelevant to the goal of obtaining compliance; the
attempted intervention was also a circumstance beyond appellants' control"
(Id. at 670), again much like the case here, where Maggard's attorney
opposed the Secretary's motion, not to obtain compliance with the Mine
Act's anti-discrimination provisions but to

2/ In its earlier opinion, the majority relied on Eastern Associated
Coal Corp., 813 F.2d 639, also dealing with intervention, to support its
vacation of attorneys' fees in their entirety. The court found that case
to be inapposite because "Maggard, by contrast, did not intervene in the
Secretary's action" but rather "prosecuted his own action before the
Commission under section 105(c)(3)..." 866 F.2d at 1430.

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retain control of the litigation. Fees should not be awarded against a
defendant for activities in which it did not oppose the plaintiff. See
Dubose v. Pierce 579 F. Supp. 937, 957 (D. Conn. 1984), rev'd and remanded
on other grounds, 761 F.2d 913 (2d Cir. 1985).

The majority also concludes that the judge did not abuse his

discretion when he found that consultation with, and litigation against,
the Secretary were not "unforeseeable consequences of a discriminatory
action" and hence could be assessed against the operator as attorneys'
fees. (slip op. at 5, quoting 8 FMSHRC at 968.) Even were the record to
support that finding, it does not convert a wholly separate claim, on a
different issue, that requested a totally different type of relief, into a
discrimination claim. See Stickle v. Heublein, Inc., 716 F.2d 1550, 1564
(Fed. Cir. 1983). Rather, claims for fees generated by litigation against
the Secretary are limited to those fees provided under the Equal Access to
Justice Act, 5 U.S.C. 504.

For the foregoing reasons, we would remand to the judge with

directions to delete that portion of the claimed fee which stems from
litigation between Maggard and the Secretary.

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Distribution

Tony Oppegard, Esq.
Appalachian Research & Defense Fund
of Kentucky, Inc.
P.0. Box 360
Hazard, Kentucky 41701

John Chaney
Chaney Creek Coal Corporation
Rt. 1, Box 286
East Bernstadt, Kentucky 40729

Colleen A. Geraghty, Esq.
Office of the Solicitor
U.S. Department of Labor
4015 Wilson Blvd.
Arlington, Virginia 22203

Administrative Law Judge Gary Melick
Federal Mine Safety & Health Review Commission
5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 1000
Falls Church, Virginia 22041